Studying the international competitive ability of aquatic products in our country, first of all, we should make the content and theoretical analytic frame of aquatic products’ international competitive ability clear. Secondly, we need to make the category and national scope of main aquatic products clear. Thirdly, we need to analyze the international competitive ability of aquatic products concretely by the index (including simple Comparative Price, Market Share, Competitive Ability Index, Comparative Advantage Index) and the factors that change the competitive advantage into international competitive advantage and so on. Finally, we should put forward the countermeasures strengthening the international competitive ability of aquatic products on the above basis.
Keywords:aquatic products, comparative advantage, competitive advantage, international competitive ability
This text is divided into five parts. In the first part, the author expatiates the content, theoretical analytic frame and strategic importance of strengthening international competitive ability of aquatic products.In the second part, the author expatiates the theories of comparative advantage and competitive advantage respectively, pointing out the inevitability that we should Change the emphasis from the comparative advantage into competitive advantage.工n the third part, the author analyzes the international competitive ability of aquatic products by simple Comparative Price Method, International Market share method, Ratio of Competitive Ability(RCA) and Comparative Advantage Index(CAI). In the fourth part, the author introduces the current trend of development of fishery in the world and the new characteristics of competition of international aquatic products market, and analyzes the factors that change comparative advantage into competitive advantage. Finally, the author put forward the countermeasures that strengthen the international competitive ability of aquatic products aiming at the restrictive factors that transform comparative advantage into competitive advantage.
With the globality of the world economy, market competitionis turning from price competition to quality competition. "existon quality，，has become Many enterprises’strategy goal.As afishery great country and aquatic products export great country,China should strengthen the safety of aquatic products' qualityand improve aquatic product' quality. National and internationalsociety pays high attention to this problem. So fishery operatorsshould improve quality consciousness, strengthening qualitymanagement, groping for developing approach suiting China fisheryto upgrading aquatic products.
First, the paper introduces complete quality management theory' meanings, main content and characteristic. It has four characteristics. One is strengthening establish and practice of quality management system, Another is strengthening legal system management and perfect quality law system. Another is strengthening personal management, especially to improve quality consciousness and integrated quality of all managers and workers in enterprise. The end is strengthening practice of modern science management methods and advanced technology measures.
Second, the paper expatiates IS09000 and HACCP quality management systems particularly. It contents the two quality management systems' main content attestation meaning and practice actuality .It points out that enterprises should constitute HACCP and IS09000 systems at the same time, to insure foods' safety and suit for preconcerted quality request.
Third, the paper analyses the need to practice of quality strategy. It can guarantee people's health. It is the base of enterprise's existing and development. It suits for further development on aquatic products market. It is necessary to further international trade too. At the same time, it points out the safety and sanitation food is the goal of improving safety of aquatic products. We should developing aquatic products without harm green aquatic products and organic aquatic products at the same time.
Fourth, studies on condition of aquatic products' quality safety. By analyse of the condition on aquatic products' quality safety, especially by analyse of chloromycetin affairs ，it believes that the problem of Chinese aquatic products' quality safety is very serious.The main problem exists in microcosmic and Macrocosmic management.
Fifth, positive studies on successful safety quality management. By study on Shanghai Deep Sea Fisheries Co.，LTD Shanghai Ho Ho Food Factory, Suzhou Yangchenghu Fishery Exploitation Enterprise and brake guild，exploring their management model and management experience, it puts forward enterprises' developing stratagem and government' long programming.
Sixth, by study above, to improve the level of aquatic products' quality safety, it puts forward enterprises' developing strategy and government's long programming.
In addition to variational management theory and combining with international trade theory this dissertation absorbs theory of competitive advantage of nations, theory of value flow management and core competitiveness and other modem trade and management theories. Aiming at the systematic analysis of the severe reality of non-tarif barriers and the existing conditions in China's export industry of fish and fishery products and combining the characteristics of economic integration and quickened development of E-economy, this dissertation is in an atempt to find the efective measures against trade barrier of fish and fishery products mainly relying on qualitative analysis while making quantitative analysis subsidiarily.The goal of this dissertation is set on improving international competitiveness, enhancing the ability to break through export barrier and expanding the international market share of China's fish and fishery products.
Therefore, from the point view of current situation and development trend of aquaculture, the author first analyses the
main characteristic, goal, principle, content and current executive status of WTOTBT agreement and expresses his own idea about this agreement, that is, although WTO has made great eforts to eliminate technical trade barrier and make the relevant agreements,a great number of members of WTO still have not carried out their promises and abided by the relevant rules. Especially with the deepening of local collectivization of world economy and the imbalance of economic development between the South and the North, the technical barrier in international trade have become more complex. The developed and developing countries have stood at unequal positions in the competition of fulfilling their commitment. Just because of the various problems in the arbitrariness of developed countries and the execution of world trade agreement, WTO doesn't appear to be competent enough in coordinating issues about trade barriers. But the members of WTO always hold up the banners of according with world trade agreement when seting all kinds of import barrier. Therefore, world trade agreement is still the most effective weapon to conquer trade barrier.
In this dissertation, after researching technical trade barrier, the author points out its two-sideness, extensiveness, covertness, uncertainty, the co-existence of governmental behaviors and non-governmental behaviors and other characteristics.
Besides the author also enumerates the different forms of technical trade barrier and puts forward the judgement criterion and development tendency of technical trade barrier, that is, "green barrier" has become the "new aristocrat" with increasing categories, quickening spread, lots of compulsory technical standards, combination of
voluntary measures compulsory technical regulations and transformation towards the latter. It is also brought forward that the basic technical trade barrier confronting China's export of fish and fishery products has tended to be hi-tech, ecological, humanistic and Digital, which will lead to the result of localization, veto by one vote and restriction. And the main goal of developed countries to set technical trade barrier is to restrict other countries, especially the international competitiveness of products from Developing countries.
From the history of the development of international trade, few enterprises or products of developed countries have undergone technical trade barrier. One of the important reasons is that these enterprises possess of advanced technologies and special Products. While the reason why these enterprises can exist mainly lies in the fact that their countries have energetic and challenging environment that can promote the enterprises in this industry to get upgraded and expand their advantages and finally make this industry become internationally competitive and have success in international trade.
This dissertation summarizes developed countries' experience of breaking through trade barrier from the technological promotion system and social service system of the United States and the export promotion system of France. And the experience is also summed up from Netherlands, which improves the international competitiveness of its traditional industries by technologies, from Norway and Iceland, which guide the
new tide of world fish and fishery trade and from Korea, which supports the backbone enterprises and then points out that the main problem we should settle now is to raise our international competitiveness through learning from the international practices. In order to break through technical trade barriers we should apply the“tree planting
theory" from four aspects of international trade rules, national government, industrial management and enterprise and apply the principle of "baseball effect and value flow management" in analysis. And to develop the export competitiveness of China's fish and fishery products and to conquer the value flow of foreign technical trade barriers can be realized by building international market channel, developing international market and cultivating domestic industry. The cultivation of domestic industry mainly refers to how the national government, industrial management and enterprise elements could work together to create favorable exterior environment for the development of enterprise and raise the international competitiveness of enterprise and its products which is the key value flow of development of enterprise. Therefore, domestic industry is the foundation; market channel is the pivot and international market is the key point.
The three aspects can be accelerated with each other but also confined by each other.
And anyway, domestic industry must be operated well and its core is to produce "safe and healthy fish and fishery products" according to the international highest standards.This is the key value flow that we should conquer now. The formation of a good industrial order must go through three steps: strict Management, self-conscious and subconscious execution. To realize the three steps of key value flow of "safe and healthy fish and fishery products", four specific sub-flows should be included: approval of aqua cultural enterprise, healthy breeding, standard processing and complete market. The three steps also need support of seven systems:law regulation system of promoting the development of aquaculture, system of national preferential policies, scientific research system, quality safety control system, approval system of quality safety market, establishment system of modal districts and system of cultivating entrepreneurs. Taking Shandong as an example, this dissertation brings forward the measures of enhancing industrial competitiveness and improving the development mode of fish and fishery products export and embodies the practicality of research fruit.
China is one of the largest fisheries countries in the world, with its aquatic products accounting for one thirds of world's products. Because rapid development prompted trade, Chinese aquatic products became the largest foreigner exchange maker among agricultural products from 2000 to 2002. However，in recent-years, some developed countries such as United States and Europe Union set some bans on Chinese aquatic products, which suggests that there are still some problems existing on aquatic exports, they are as follows: (1) Drug remaining in aquatic products became the primary factor to restraint exports;(2)Dumping accusation by developed countries became more and More;(3) International extent of aquatic trade was too low,exportation market is too concentrated; (4) Process technology level is low, exportation sorts still focus on some products. (5) Environment pollution leads to loss of exportation.
