Joseph Erlanger (1874年1月5日—1965年12月5日)
美国生理学家，1874年1月5日生于加利福尼亚州旧金山；1965年12月5日卒于密苏里州圣路易斯。厄兰格于1895年在加利福尼亚大学毕业，主修化学。以后他在约翰斯·霍普金斯大学继续学习，于1899年取得该校医学学位。1900年他进入约翰斯·霍普金斯大学生理教研室，以后他又到威斯康星大学新建的医学院任生理系主任。加塞即是他的学生之一。最后在1910年任圣路易华盛顿大学生理系主任，（直到1948年他退休时一直任此职）。加塞在此与他协作。二十年代他们研究神经纤维的电学性能，他们得出了非常精确的数据。他们并未采用艾因托文所应用高敏感度的示波器，而是应用布劳恩的示波器来放大所检测的电流取得的。他们应用这种方法测出，不同的神经纤维是以不同的速度来传导冲动，传导的速度与纤维的粗细成正比。由于这项研究厄兰格和加塞(Herbert Spencer Gasser,July 5, 1888——May 11th, 1963）共同获得1944年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
英文介绍
Joseph Erlanger was born on January 5, 1874, at San Francisco, California. He is the son of Herman and Sarah Erlanger.
Studying chemistry at the University of California, he received the degree of B.S. of that University and later went to Johns Hopkins University to study medicine, where he obtained his M.D. degree in 1899. After a year of hospital training at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, he was appointed assistant in the Department of Physiology at the Medical School there. Until 1906 he stayed there, being successively Instructor, Associate, and Associate Professor. He was then appointed the first Professor of Physiology in the newly established Medical School of the University of Wisconsin, where one of his pupils was H. S. Gasser, who later collaborated with him. In 1910 he was appointed Professor of Physiology in the reorganized Medical School of the Washington University, St. Louis. In 1946 he retired as chairman of this school and is now emeritus professor there.
Erlanger's chief research has been done in the fields of electrophysiology and the physiology of the circulatory system. He has studied the principles of sphygmomanometry and devised a recording sphygmomanometer, with which he studied, in man, the influence of pulse pressure on kidney secretion and on orthostatic albuminuria. Later, he devised a clamp with which the auriculo-ventricular bundle of the mammalian heart could be reversibly blocked, and with this device he studied the problems associated with the functions of this bundle.
In 1922, in collaboration with Gasser, Erlanger adapted the cathode-ray oscillograph for the study of nerve action potentials and this led to the work for which Erlanger and Gasser were given the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology in 1944. Erlanger has also worked on metabolism of dogs with shortened intestines, on traumatic shock and on the mechanism of the production of sound in arteries.
Erlanger has received honorary doctorates of the Universities of California, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Michigan.
In 1906, he married Aimée Hirstel, who died in 1959. They had three children, Margaret (b. 1908), Ruth Josephine (b. 1910), Herman (1912-1959).
From Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1942-1962, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1964
This autobiography/biography was first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.
Joseph Erlanger died on December 5, 1965.
