拼音：huángdìdexīnzhuāng
【作者简介】汉斯·克里斯蒂安·安徒生(Heinz Christian Andersen 1805—1875)丹麦19世纪童话作家，世界文学童话创始人。1805年4月2日生于丹麦菲英岛欧登塞的贫民区。父亲是个穷鞋匠，曾志愿服役，抗击拿破仑·波拿巴的侵略，退伍后于1875年病故。当洗衣工的母亲不久即改嫁。安徒生从小就为贫困所折磨，先后在几家店铺里做学徒，没有受过正规教育。少年时代即对舞台发生兴趣，幻想当一名歌唱家、演员或剧作家。1819年在哥本哈根皇家剧院当了一名小配角。后因嗓子失润被解雇。从此开始学习写作，但写的剧本完全不适宜于演出，没有为剧院所采用。1822年得到剧院导演约纳斯·科林的资助，就读于斯莱厄尔瑟的一所文法学校。这一年他写了《青年的尝试》一书，以威廉·克里斯蒂安·瓦尔特的笔名发表。这个笔名包括了威廉·莎士比亚、安徒生自己和司各特的名字。1827年发表第一首诗《垂死的小孩》，1829年，他进入哥本哈根大学学习。他的第一部重要作品《1828和1829年从霍尔门运河至阿迈厄岛东角步行记》于1829年问世。这是一部富于幽默感的游记，颇有德国作家霍夫曼的文风。这部游记的出版使安徒生得到了社会的初步承认。此后他继续从事戏剧创作。1831年他去德国旅行，归途中写了旅游札记。1833年去意大利，创作了一部诗剧《埃格内特和美人鱼》和一部以意大利为背景的长篇小说《即兴诗人》(1835)。小说出版后不久，就被翻译成德文和英文，标志着作者开始享有国际声誉。代表作：《海的女儿》、《丑小鸭》、《卖火柴的小女孩》、《拇指姑娘》、《皇帝的新装》、《打火匣》等。
【导读】一个一眼就可看穿的骗局，竟然畅行无阻，最终演出一场荒唐的闹剧。读完这篇童话，我们首先会嘲笑那个愚蠢的爱慕虚荣的皇帝，不过，如果注意到上自皇帝下至百姓，几乎人人都会有违心地说假话这一现象，我们的思考也许能更深入一层。
【写作背景】这篇故事写于１８３７年，和同年写的另一部童话《海的女儿》合成一本小集子出版。这时安徒生只有３２岁，也就是他开始创作童话后的第三年。但从这篇童话中可以看出，安徒生对社会的观察是多么深刻。他在这里揭露了以皇帝为首的统治阶级是何等虚荣、铺张浪费，何等愚蠢。骗子们看出了他们的特点，就提出“凡是不称职的人或者愚蠢的人，都看不见这衣服。”的说法。他们当然看不见，因为根本就没有什么衣服。但是他们心虚，都怕人们发现他们既不称职，又十分愚蠢，就众口一词地称赞那不存在的衣服是如何美丽，穿在身上是如何漂亮，还要举行一个游行大典，赤身露体，招摇过市，让百姓都来欣赏和诵赞。不幸这个可笑的骗局，一到老百姓面前就被揭穿了。“皇帝”下不了台，仍然要装腔作势，“必须把这游行大典举行完毕”，而且“因此他还要摆出一副更骄傲的神气”。这种弄虚作假但极愚蠢的统治者，大概在任何时代都会存在。因此这篇童话在任何时候也都具有现实意义。
【内容解读】这个有趣的童话为我们描绘了这样一个故事：一位奢侈的国王每天只顾着穿衣服，不管其他任何事，最后竟然还受骗，穿着……不，是什么都没穿去游行！没有人去揭穿谎言，甚至还夸耀，最后一个孩子天真的一句话才结束了这场闹剧。
读完这篇童话,我情不自禁地问自己,作为一国之君,为什么这个国王竟会被欺骗了这么久呢？毫无疑问，这都是因为这个国王的虚荣心。为了这所谓的虚荣心，全天下的百姓、臣子乃至国王都心甘情愿地被别人骗。他们心甘情愿地被别人骗，也心安理得地骗别人。童话中的那两个骗子之所以能得逞，是因为他们看到了人们心中的一个盲点——自愿将自己这一致命弱点暴露给别人，并且让他们加以利用，也要得到虚荣的满足。
实际上，虚荣心是与生俱来的，但是，孩提时的虚荣心是单纯的，随着涉世的深入，虚荣心就越来越深地腐蚀着人们。读完这篇童话后，我真心地希望这世上的人们，不要为了一时虚荣的满足而放弃做人的原则，放弃那一颗真诚的心。
我们更应该保持天真浪漫的童心 、敢于说真话 !
【原文欣赏】许多年前，有一位皇帝，为了穿得漂亮，不惜把所有的钱都花掉。他既不关心他的军队，也不喜欢去看戏，他也不喜欢乘着马车逛公园——除非是为了炫耀一下他的新衣服。他每天每个钟头要换一套新衣服。人们提到他总是说：“皇上在更衣室里。”
有一天，他的京城来了两个骗子，自称是织工，说能织出人间最美丽的布。这种布不仅色彩和图案都分外美丽，而且缝出来的衣服还有一种奇怪的特性：任何不称职的或者愚蠢得不可救药的人，都看不见这衣服。
“那真是最理想的衣服！”皇帝心里想，“我穿了这样的衣服，就可以看出我的王国里哪些人不称职；我就可以辨别出哪些人是聪明人，哪些人是傻子。是的，我要叫他们马上织出这样的布来！”他付了许多现款给这两个骗子，叫他们马上开始工作。
他们摆出两架织布机，装作是在工作的样子，可是他们的织布机上连一点东西的影子也没有。他们急迫地请求发给他们一些最细的生丝和最好的金子。他们把这些东西都装进自己的腰包，只在那两架空空的织布机上忙忙碌碌，直到深夜。
“我倒是很想知道布料究竟织得怎样了，”皇帝想。不过，想起凡是愚蠢或不称职的人就看不见这布，他心里的确感到有些不大自然。他相信他自己是无须害怕的，但仍然觉得先派一个人去看看工作的进展情形比较妥当。全城的人都听说过这织品有一种多么神奇的力量，所以大家也都很想借这机会来测验一下：他们的邻人究竟有多笨，有多傻。
“我要派诚实的老大臣到织工那儿去，”皇帝想，“他最能看出这布料是什么样子，因为他很有理智，就称职这一点，谁也不及他。”
这位善良的老大臣就来到那两个骗子的屋子里，看到他们正在空空的织机上忙碌地工作。
“愿上帝可怜我吧！”老部长想，他把眼睛睁得特别大，“我什么东西也没有看见！”但是他没敢把这句话说出口来。
那两个骗子请求他走近一点，同时指着那两架空织布机问他花纹是不是很美丽，色彩是不是很漂亮。可怜的老大臣眼睛越睁越大，仍然看不见什么东西，因为的确没有东西。
“我的老天爷！”他想。“难道我是愚蠢的吗？我从来没有怀疑过自己。这一点决不能让人知道这件事。难道我是不称职吗？不成！我决不能让人知道我看不见布料。”
“哎，您一点意见也没有吗？”一个正在织布的骗子说。
“哎呀，美极了！真是美极了！”老大臣一边说一边从他的眼镜里仔细地看，“多么美的花纹！多么美的色彩！是的，我将要呈报皇上，我对这布非常满意。”
“嗯，我们听了非常高兴。”两个骗子齐声说。于是他们就把色彩和稀有的花纹描述了一番，还加上些名词。老大臣注意地听着，以便回到皇帝那儿可以照样背出来。事实上他也就这样做了。
这两个骗子又要了更多的钱，更多的生丝和金子，说是为了织布的需要。他们把这些东西全装进了腰包。
过了不久，皇帝又派了另一位诚实的官员去看工作的进展。这位官员的运气并不比头一位大臣好：他看了又看，但是那两架空织布机上什么也没有，他什么东西也看不出来。
“您看这段布美不美？”两个骗子问。他们指着，描述着一些美丽的花纹——事实上它们并不存在。
“我并不愚蠢呀！”这位官员想，“这大概是我不配有现在这样好的官职吧。这也真够滑稽，但是我决不能让人看出来！”他就把他完全没有看见的布称赞了一番，同时保证说，他对这些美丽的颜色和巧妙的花纹感到很满意。“是的，那真是太美了，”他回去对皇帝说。
城里所有的人都在谈论这美丽的布料。
皇帝就很想亲自去看一次。他选了一群特别圈定的随员——其中包括已经去看过的那两位诚实的大臣。他就到那两个狡猾的骗子那里去。这两个家伙正在以全副精神织布，但是一根丝的影子也看不见。
“您看这布华丽不华丽？”那两位诚实的官员说，“陛下请看：多么美的花纹！多么美的色彩！”他们指着那架空织布机，他们相信别人一定看得见布料的。
“这是怎么一回事呢？”皇帝心里想。“我什么也没有看见！这骇人听闻了。难道我是一个愚蠢的人吗？难道我不配做皇帝吗？这可是最可怕的事情。” “哎呀，真是美极了！”皇帝说。“我十分满意！”
于是他点头表示满意。他仔细地看着织机的样子，他不愿意说出什么也没看到。跟他来的全体随员也仔细地看了又看，可是他们也没比别人看到更多的东西。他们像皇帝一样，也说：“哎呀，真是美极了！”他们向皇帝建议用这种新奇的、美丽的布料做成衣服，穿着这衣服去参加快要举行的游行大典。“这布是华丽的！精致的！无双的！”每人都随声附和着。每人都有说不出的快乐。皇帝赐给骗子每人一个“御聘织师”的头衔，封他们为爵士，并授予一枚可以挂在扣眼上的勋章。
第二天早上，游行大典就要举行了。头一天夜晚，两个骗子整夜点起十六支以上的蜡烛。人们可以看到他们是在赶夜工，要把皇帝的新衣完成。他们装作从织布机上取下布料，用两把大剪刀在空中裁了一阵子，同时用没有穿线的针缝了一通。最后，他们齐声说：“请看！新衣服缝好了！”
皇帝亲自带着一群最高贵的骑士们来了。两个骗子各举起一只手，好像拿着一件什么东西似的。他们说：“请看吧，这是裤子，这是袍子，这是外衣。”“这衣服轻柔得像蜘蛛网一样，穿的人会觉得好像身上没有什么东西似的，这正是这些衣服的优点。”
“一点也不错，”所有的骑士都说。可是他们什么也看不见，因为什么东西也没有。
“现在请皇上脱下衣服，”两个骗子说，“好让我们在这个大镜子面前为您换上新衣。”
皇帝把他所有的衣服都脱下来。两个骗子装作一件一件地把他们刚才缝好的新衣服交给他。他们在他的腰周围那儿弄了一阵子，好像是系上一件什么东西似的：这就是后裾（注：后裾（Ｓｌａｅｂｅｔ）就是拖在礼服后面的很长的一块布；它是封建时代欧洲贵族的一种装束。）。皇上在镜子面前转了转身子，扭了扭腰。
“上帝，这衣服多么合身啊！裁得多么好看啊！”大家都说。“多么美的花纹！多么美的色彩！这真是贵重的衣服！”
“大家都在外面等待，准备好了华盖，以便举在陛下头顶上一参加游行大典。”典礼官说。
“对，我已经穿好了。”皇帝说，“这衣服合我的身吗？”于是他又在镜子面前把身子转动了一下，因为他要使大家看出他在认真地观看他美丽的新装。
那些将要托着后裾的内臣们都把手在地上东摸西摸，好像他们正在拾起后裾似的。他们开步走，手中托着空气——他们不敢让人瞧出他们实在什么东西也没看见。
这样，皇帝就在那个富丽的华盖下游行起来了。站在街上和窗子里的人都说：“乖乖！皇上的新装真是漂亮！他上衣下面的后裾是多么美丽！这件衣服真合他的身材！”谁也不愿意让人知道自己什么东西也看不见，因为这样就会显出自己不称职，或是太愚蠢。皇帝所有的衣服从来没有获得过这样的称赞。
“可是他什么衣服也没有穿呀！”一个小孩子最后叫了出声来。
“上帝哟，你听这个天真的声音！”爸爸说。于是大家把这孩子讲的话私自低声地传播开来。
“他并没有穿什么衣服！有一个小孩子说他并没有穿什么衣服呀！”
“他实在是没有穿什么衣服呀！”最后所有的老百姓都说。 皇帝有点儿发抖，因为他觉得百姓们所讲的话似乎是真的。不过他自己心里却这样想：“我必须把这游行大典举行完毕。”因此他摆出一副更骄傲的神气，他的内臣们跟在他后面走，手中托着一个并不存在的后裙。
【叶圣陶续】那个裸体的皇帝在游行受到嘲笑后恼羞成怒,当场宣布:“谁说坏话,立即逮来,杀!”结果四五十人被就地处死。从此,皇帝再不穿别的衣服。有一次,他的爱妃陪他喝酒,无意间讲了一句:“啊呀,把胸膛弄脏了!”另一次,一位大臣辞职后说:“再不用看不穿衣服的皇帝了。”都因犯了皇帝的禁令而被杀。有一次皇帝巡行京城，因为经过的街道多，说笑的老百姓也越多，皇帝竟杀了一千多老百姓。有一个慈心的老大臣为了改变这种状况，想了一个办法，去对皇帝说：“你向来喜欢新衣服，还是另做一套新的换上吧！”可是皇帝硬说这套神奇的衣服永远不会旧，把他关进了监狱。终于有一天，皇帝要杀老百姓时，大家一起扑上去打皇帝，兵士和大臣也倒向了人民那一边，皇帝身体一软就瘫在地上。就这样那个天真的小孩便当上了皇帝，造福于民！
【皇帝的新装读后感】《皇帝的新装》十分注意叙述的清晰性和完整性。它所用的叙事方式，是儿童们最易接受的顺叙法，落笔就写主要人物，介绍皇帝爱穿新衣的“癖好”，然后引出骗子，接着写织布，做衣，最后写皇帝穿上“新衣”参加游行大典，在人们面前出尽洋相。故事顺序展开，一环紧扣一环，逐步引向高潮，最后简短作结，且又留有想像余地。这样的写法，既能适应少年儿童的智力水平，又能满足他们的好奇心，同时也有利于培养他们周密的思考能力、清晰的表达能力和丰富的想像能力。
《皇帝的新装》十分注意突出重点，对于关键性的情节和细节，运用多种手法，不断加以重复，反复进行交代。这篇童话中，凡属重要的情节和细节，诸如皇帝爱穿新衣的“癖好”，骗子的阴谋诡计，他们吹嘘自己所织出的衣料的“特性”，他们在织布机上的“空忙”情况，大臣、官员和皇帝察看织布情况时的心理动态，皇帝穿“新衣”上街游行和被老百姓识破的过程，等等，作者都用不同的方式，重复地加以叙述和描绘。这种成年人可能会感到“嗦”的描述方式却正符合少年儿童的心理特征，使他们觉得是在娓娓而谈，清楚明白，引人入胜。
《皇帝的新装》还十分注意叙述方式的多样化，使故事显得更加生动、活泼、有趣。作者在叙述整个故事时，有时采用明白流畅的白描手法，有时通过精彩的对话，有时则细致地揭示人物的内心活动。通过这样多种方式的相互交叉，灵活运用，大大增强了作品的生动性，有利于吸引儿童的注意力，激发他们的兴趣，使他们随着故事情节的逐步展开，很自然地接受作品的内容，在潜移默化之中，受到感染和教育。
安徒生在这里揭露了以皇帝为首的统治阶级是何等虚荣、铺张浪费，而且最重要的是，何等愚蠢。
骗子们看出了他们的特点，就提出“凡是不称职的人或者愚蠢的人，都看不见这衣服。”他们当然看不见，因为根本就没有什么衣服。但是他们心虚，都怕人们发现他们既不称职，而又愚蠢，就异口同声地称赞那不存在的衣服是如何美丽，穿在身上是如何漂亮，还要举行一个游行大典，赤身露体，招摇过市，让百姓都来欣赏和诵赞。不幸这个可笑的骗局，一到老百姓面前就被揭穿了。“皇帝”下不了台，仍然要装腔作势，“必须把这游行大典举行完毕”，而且“因此他还要摆出一副更骄傲的神气”。
这种弄虚作假但极愚蠢的统治者，大概在任何时代都会存在。因此这篇童话在任何时候也都具有现实意义。
【英文赏析】Many years ago there lived an Emperor who was so exceedingly fond of fine new clothes that he spent vast sums of money on dress. To him clothes meant more than anything else in the world. He took no interest in his army, nor did he care to go to the theatre, or to drive about in his state coach, unless it was to display his new clothes. He had different robes for every single hour of the day.
In the great city where he lived life was gay and strangers were always coming and going. Everyone knew about the Emperor's passion for clothes.
Now one fine day two swindlers, calling themselves weavers, arrived. They declared that they could make the most magnificent cloth that one could imagine; cloth of most beautiful colours and elaborate patterns. Not only was the material so beautiful, but the clothes made from it had the special power of being invisible to everyone who was stupid or not fit. for his post.
"What a splendid idea," thought the Emperor. "What useful clothes to have. If I had such a suit of clothes I could know at once which of my people is stupid or unfit for his post."
So the Emperor gave the swindlers large sums of money and the two weavers set up their looms in the palace. They demanded the finest thread of the best silk and the finest gold and they pretended to work at their looms. But they put nothing on the looms. The frames stood empty. The silk and gold thread they stuffed into their bags. So they sat pretending to weave, and continued to work at the empty loom till late into the night. Night after night they went home with their money and their bags full of the finest silk and gold thread. Day after day they pretended to work.
Now the Emperor was eager to know how much of the cloth was finished, and would have loved to see for himself. He was, however, somewhat uneasy. "Suppose," he thought secretly, "suppose I am unable to see the cloth. That would mean I am either stupid or unfit for my post. That cannot be," he thought, but all the same he decided to send for his faithful old minister to go and see. "He will best be able to see how the cloth looks. He is far from stupid and splendid at his work."
So the faithful old minister went into the hall where the two weavers sat beside the empty looms pretending to work with all their might.
The Emperor's minister opened his eyes wide. "Upon my life!" he thought. "I see nothing at all, nothing." But he did not say so.
The two swindlers begged him to come nearer and asked him how he liked it. "Are not the colors exquisite, and see how intricate are the patterns," they said. The poor old minister stared and stared. Still he could see nothing, for there was nothing. But he did not dare to say he saw nothing. "Nobody must find out,"' thought he. "I must never confess that I could not see the stuff."
"Well," said one of the rascals. "You do not say whether it pleases you."
"Oh, it is beautiful-most excellent, to be sure. Such a beautiful design, such exquisite colors. I shall tell the Emperor how enchanted) I am with the cloth."
"We are very glad to hear that," said the weavers, and they started to describe the colors and patterns in great detail. The old minister listened very carefully so that he could repeat the description to the Emperor. They also demanded more money and more gold thread, saying that they needed it to finish the cloth. But, of course, they put all they were given into their bags and pockets and kept on working at their empty looms.
Soon after this the Emperor sent another official to see how the men were ,getting on and to ask whether the cloth would soon be ready. Exactly the same happened with him as with the minister. He stood and stared, but as there was nothing to be seen, he could see nothing.
"Is not the material beautiful?" said the swindlers, and again they talked of 'the patterns and the exquisite colors. "Stupid I certainly am not," thought the official. "Then I must be unfit for my post. But nobody shall know that I could not see the material." Then he praised the material he did not see and declared that he was delighted with the colors and the marvelous patterns.
To the Emperor he said when he returned, "The cloth the weavers are preparing is truly magnificent."
Everybody in the city had heard of the secret cloth and were talking about the splendid material.
And now the Emperor was curious to see the costly stuff for himself while it was still upon the looms. Accompanied by a number of selected ministers, among whom were the two poor ministers who had already been before, the Emperor went to the weavers. There they sat in front of the empty looms, weaving more diligently than ever, yet without a single thread upon the looms.
"Is not the cloth magnificent?" said the two ministers. "See here, the splendid pattern, the glorious colors." Each pointed to the empty loom. Each thought that the other could see the material.
"What can this mean?" said the Emperor to himself. "This is terrible. Am I so stupid? Am I not fit to be Emperor? This is disastrous," he thought. But aloud he said, "Oh, the cloth is perfectly wonderful. It has a splendid pattern and such charming colors." And he nodded his approval and smiled appreciatively and stared at the empty looms. He would not, he could not, admit he saw nothing, when his two ministers had praised the material so highly. And all his men looked and looked at the empty looms. Not one of them saw anything there at all. Nevertheless, they all said, "Oh, the cloth is magnificent."
They advised the Emperor to have some new clothes made from this splendid material to wear in the great procession the following day.
"Magnificent." "Excellent." "Exquisite," went from mouth to mouth and everyone was pleased. Each of the swindlers was given a decoration to wear in his button-hole and the title of "Knight of the Loom".
The rascals sat up all that night and worked, burning more than sixteen candles, so that everyone could see how busy they were making the suit of clothes ready for the procession. Each of them had a great big pair of scissors and they cut in the air, pretending to cut the cloth with them, and sewed with needles without any thread.
There was great excitement in the palace and the Emperor's clothes were the talk of the town. At last the weavers declared that the clothes were ready. Then the Emperor, with the most distinguished gentlemen of the court, came to the weavers. Each of the swindlers lifted up an arm as if he were holding something. "Here are Your Majesty's trousers," said one. "This is Your Majesty's mantle," said the other. "The whole suit is as light as a spider's web. Why, you might almost feel as if you had nothing on, but that is just the beauty of it."
"Magnificent," cried the ministers, but they could see nothing at all. Indeed there was nothing to be seen.
"Now if Your Imperial Majesty would graciously consent to take off your clothes," said the weavers, "we could fit on the new ones." So the Emperor laid aside his clothes and the swindlers pretended to help him piece by piece into the new ones they were supposed to have made.
The Emperor turned from side to side in front of the long glass as if admiring himself.
"How well they fit. How splendid Your Majesty's robes look: What gorgeous colors!" they all said.
"The canopy which is to be held over Your Majesty in the procession is waiting," announced the Lord High Chamberlain.
"I am quite ready," announced the Emperor, and he looked at himself again in the mirror, turning from side to side as if carefully examining his handsome attire.
The courtiers who were to carry the train felt about on the ground pretending to lift it: they walked on solemnly pretending to be carrying it. Nothing would have persuaded them to admit they could not see the clothes, for fear they would be thought stupid or unfit for their posts.
And so the Emperor set off under the high canopy, at the head of the great procession. It was a great success. All the people standing by and at the windows cheered and cried, "Oh, how splendid are the Emperor's new clothes. What a magnificent train! How well the clothes fit!" No one dared to admit that he couldn't see anything, for who would want it to be known that he was either stupid or unfit for his post?
None of the Emperor's clothes had ever met with such success.
But among the crowds a little child suddenly gasped out, "But he hasn't got anything on." And the people began to whisper to one another what the child had said. "He hasn't got anything on." "There's a little child saying he hasn't got anything on." Till everyone was saying, "But he hasn't got anything on." The Emperor himself had the uncomfortable feeling that what they were whispering was only too true. "But I will have to go through with the procession," he said to himself.
So he drew himself up and walked boldly on holding his head higher than before, and the courtiers held on to the train that wasn't there at all.
