原文：
5. What/Where isCPAN?
"CPAN" = Comprehensive Perl Archive Network a worldwide collection of anonymous ftp sites for Perl et al (not to be confused with CTAN which is for TeX, nor CSPAN which rarely deals with computer software). The files of particular interest to a perl/Tk programmer would include:
* The latest Tk release should be in the modules/by-authors/Nick_Ing-Simmons/ directory at any CPAN ftp site (listed below).
* The latest official Perl release should be in the src/ directory in a file called latest.tar.gz at any CPAN ftp site (listed below).
* A recent binary distribution of perl+Tk+many other modules should bin in the modules/by-authors/Gurusamy_Sarathy/ at any CPAN ftp site (listed below).
* If you need something older or newer than the "latest supported release" of Perl try the src/5.0/ directory at any CPAN ftp site (listed below).
There are a number of modules available for use with Tk. Among them:
* Alan Scheinine's SelFile.pm is in the modules/by-authors/Alan_Scheinine/ directory at any CPAN ftp site (listed below).
* The widget collection Graham Barr originally wrote can be found with a CPAN search for "Tk-GBARR".
* Guy Decoux's BLT_Table geometry manager is in the modules/by-authors/id/GUYDX/ directory at any CPAN ftp site (listed below).
* Ilya Zakharevich's eText plug in replacement for the Text widget is in the modules/by-authors/id/ILYAZ/etext/ directory at any CPAN ftp site (listed below).
* Brent B. Powers' Tk-FileDialog and Tk-WaitBox are available from the modules/by-authors/id/BPOWERS/ directory at any CPAN ftp site (listed below).
Some of the fancier perl/Tk scripts (news readers and web browsers e.g.) make use of other perl modules/module-bundles. Among those that you ought to consider installing are:
* To run the ptknews script you will need Mail/Internet.pm from the Mailtools module kit, available from the modules/by-authors/id/GBARR/ directory at any CPAN ftp/http site (listed below). While there pick up the latest libnet-* module bundle too.
* The build of recent versions of perl/Tk requests that you have the URI::URL and HTML::Parse modules already installed. These modules are part of the libwww-perl-*.tar.gz kit, available from the modules/by-authors/id/GAAS/ at any CPAN ftp/http site (listed below).
Documentation is available from CPAN:
* Assorted documentation for perl is in the doc/ directory at any CPAN ftp site (listed below).
* Fairly up-to-date versions of some Perl/Tk external documentation (such as this FAQ) is in the modules/by-authors/id/PVHP/ directory at any CPAN ftp/http site (listed below).
(for Perl/Tk official documentation check the Tk/doc/*.htm files that are built with Nick's Tk kit on your computer.)
Bringing it all together one can look at:
* Most things perl/Tk (with certain exceptions) are also linked to a modules/by-module/Tk/ directory at any CPAN ftp/http site (listed below).
* The long version of Tim Bunce and Andreas Koenig's module list helps you sort out things like "which kit is HTML::Parse a part of?". It is in modules/00modlist.long.html and is also posted periodically to newsgroups.
Here are the 52 CPAN sites/directories (with dotted quads [IP numbers] given on the right for those without name-servers):
Updated: Sun Dec 8 17:12:55 EST 1996 Africa South Africa ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/ 196.4.160.12Asia Hong Kong ftp://ftp.hkstar.com/pub/CPAN/ 202.82.7.4 Japan ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ 150.65.7.5 ftp://ftp.lab.kdd.co.jp/lang/perl/CPAN/ 192.26.91.6 South Korea ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/ 203.255.112.6 Taiwan ftp://dongpo.math.ncu.edu.tw/perl/CPAN/ 140.115.25.3Australasia Australia ftp://coombs.anu.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ 150.203.76.2 ftp://ftp.mame.mu.oz.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ 128.250.209.2 New Zealand ftp://ftp.tekotago.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/ 202.49.6.24Europe Austria ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ 128.130.34.160 Belgium ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/ 134.58.127.2 Czech Republic ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/Languages/Perl/CPAN/ 194.50.23.220 Denmark ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ 130.225.51.30 Finland ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ 128.214.248.6 France ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/unix/perl/CPAN/ 157.99.64.12 Germany ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/programming/languages/perl/CPAN/ 131.159.0.252 ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/ 134.147.32.42 ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/ 134.100.32.54 Greece ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/ Hungary ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ 148.6.0.5 Italy ftp://cis.utovrm.it/CPAN/ 160.80.22.17 the Netherlands ftp://ftp.cs.ruu.nl/pub/PERL/CPAN/ 131.211.80.17 ftp://ftp.EU.net/packages/cpan/ 134.222.91.7 Norway ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/ 129.242.4.34 Poland ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ 149.156.132.152 ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/ 148.81.209.3 Portugal ftp://ftp.ci.uminho.pt/pub/lang/perl/ 193.136.16.247 ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/CPAN/ 194.65.5.98 Russia ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ 158.250.29.1 Slovenia ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/ 193.2.1.72 Spain ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/mirror/perl/ 193.144.20.6 ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/ 130.206.1.2 Sweden ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ 130.238.253.4 Switzerland ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/ 193.5.24.1 UK ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/ 158.152.1.44 ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/ 193.63.255.1 ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk/mirrors/perl-CPAN/ 129.12.200.129North America Ontario ftp://ftp.utilis.com/public/CPAN/ 207.34.209.49 ftp://enterprise.ic.gc.ca/pub/perl/CPAN/ 192.197.182.100 California ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/ 204.123.2.4 ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/perl/CPAN/ 165.113.58.253 Colorado ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ 128.138.243.20 Florida ftp://ftp.cis.ufl.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ 128.227.205.206 Illinois ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ 128.174.5.14 Massachusetts ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/ 206.15.105.99 New York ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ 157.225.178.12 North Carolina ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/ 152.3.233.7 Oklahoma ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/ 129.15.2.40 Oregon ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/packages/CPAN/ 128.193.4.12 Texas ftp://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ 198.213.9.194 ftp://ftp.metronet.com/pub/perl/ 192.245.137.6South America Chile ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/Lang/perl/CPAN/ 146.83.5.204
For those equipped with multi-protocol browsers you might pay a visit to Tom Christiansen's CPAN multiplexer whose relevant Tk URLs would include things like: http://perl.com/cgi-bin/cpan_mod?module=Tk http://perl.com/cgi-bin/cpan_mod?module=Tk&readme=1
According to Stephen P. Potter some of the CPAN sites have decompression on the fly for people who do not have programs like gunzip. For example, at the ufl site (Florida USA) type this into your ftp session to download a gunzipped version of Tk: ftp> get Tk400.202.tar
Some of the CPAN sites are fully accessible via hyper text transport protocol. Among them: http://www.cdrom.com/pub/perl/CPAN/ http://www.metronet.com/perlinfo/
If you have the appropriate CPAN and FTP modules (yes there is a CPAN module for retreiving CPAN modules and its name is CPAN oddly enough) already installed you can retrieve a module from CPAN and carry out a complete installation with a perl one-liner like this: perl -MCPAN -e 'install "Tk"'
For more information on the CPAN you can send e-mail to the CPAN administrators, mailto:cpan-adm@ftp.funet.fi. If you know of some Perl resources that seem not to be in the CPAN (you did check the contents listings in indices/, didn't you?) please tell the CPAN administrators. If you have some modules/scripts/documentation yourself that you would like to contribute to CPAN, please read the file authors/00upload.howto and let the CPAN administrators know about it.
译文：
5. CPAN是什么？在哪里？
"CPAN" = 综合Perl档案网络,它是一个全球范围的匿名ftp站点网络，专门收集与Perl相关的内容（不要与CTAN或CSPAN混淆）。其中对于一个Perl/Tk的程序员来说可能会感兴趣的文件有（注：以下所提到文件位置均对任何CPAN的ftp站点有效）：
最新版本的Tk都放在modules/by-authors/Nick_Ing-Simmons/目录中。
最新的正式发布的Perl版本都放在src目录中，文件名为latest.tar.gz。
在modules/by-authors/Gurusamy_Sarathy/目录中有较新版本的Perl＋Tk＋很多其它模块的组合发布包。
如果你需要一些比“最新正式版本”旧的或更新的Perl，可以在src/5.0/目录中找找。
另外这里还有很多可以和Tk一起使用的模块，其中包括：
Alan Scheinine的SelFile.pm在modules/by-authors/Alan_Scheinine/目录中。
由Graham Barr最初编写的一些窗口组件可以通过在CPAN上查找“Tk-GBARR”而得到。
Guy Decoux的BLT_Table布局管理器在modules/by-authors/id/GUYDX/目录中。
Ilya Zakharevich的eText插件（用于替代Text组件）在modules/by-authors/id/ILYAZ/etext/目录中。
Brent B. Power的Tk-FileDialog和Tk-WaitBox在modules/by-authors/id/BPOWERS/目录中。
有些爱好者利用其它的Perl模块编写了一些有用的Perl/Tk脚本（如新闻阅读器和网络浏览器等等）。其中你应该考虑安装的包括：
要运行ptknews脚本，你需要Mailtools模块中的Mail/Internet.pm文件，此模块在modules/by-authors/id/GBARR/目录中，这里同时还有最新的libnet-*模块。
编译安装较新版本的Perl/Tk要求你的系统已经安装有URI::URL和HTML::Parse模块。这些模块都是来自modules/by-authors/id/GAAS/目录中的libwww-perl-*.tar.gz包。
CPAN上还有一些文档：
关于Perl的分类的文档都在doc目录中。
在modules/by-authors/id/PVHP/目录中有一些Perl/Tk的“附加”文档（例如常见问题）。（关于Perl/Tk的正式文档，是Tk的安装包里面的Tk/doc/*.htm）
综合信息：
大部分有关Perl/Tk的内容都被同时链接在modules/by-module/Tk/目录中。
Tim Bunce和Andreas Koenig制作的详细的模块列表可以帮助你解决诸如像“HTML::Parse是哪个模块的一部分？”这一类的问题。这个列表在modules/00modlist.long.html目录中，并且会被定期的贴在新闻组里。
下面是52个CPAN的站点和目录（后面是对应的IP）
更新时间：Sun Dec 8 17:12:55 EST 1996
非洲
南非
ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/ 196.4.160.12
亚洲
香港
ftp://ftp.hkstar.com/pub/CPAN/ 202.82.7.4
日本
ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ 150.65.7.5
ftp://ftp.lab.kdd.co.jp/lang/perl/CPAN/ 192.26.91.6
韩国
ftp://ftp.nuri.net/pub/CPAN/ 203.255.112.6
台湾
ftp://dongpo.math.ncu.edu.tw/perl/CPAN/ 140.115.25.3
澳洲
澳大利亚
ftp://coombs.anu.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ 150.203.76.2
ftp://ftp.mame.mu.oz.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ 128.250.209.2
新西兰
ftp://ftp.tekotago.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/ 202.49.6.24
欧洲
奥地利
ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ 128.130.34.160
比利时
ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/ 134.58.127.2
捷克
ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/Languages/Perl/CPAN/ 194.50.23.220
丹麦
ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ 130.225.51.30
芬兰
ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ 128.214.248.6
法国
ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/unix/perl/CPAN/ 157.99.64.12
德国
ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/comp/programming/languages/perl/CPAN/ 131.159.0.252
ftp://ftp.rz.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/pub/CPAN/ 134.147.32.42
ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/ 134.100.32.54
希腊
ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/
匈牙利
ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ 148.6.0.5
意大利
ftp://cis.utovrm.it/CPAN/ 160.80.22.17
荷兰
ftp://ftp.cs.ruu.nl/pub/PERL/CPAN/ 131.211.80.17
ftp://ftp.EU.net/packages/cpan/ 134.222.91.7
挪威
ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/ 129.242.4.34
波兰
ftp://ftp.pk.edu.pl/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ 149.156.132.152
ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/ 148.81.209.3
葡萄牙
ftp://ftp.ci.uminho.pt/pub/lang/perl/ 193.136.16.247
ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/CPAN/ 194.65.5.98
俄罗斯
ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ 158.250.29.1
斯洛文尼亚
ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/ 193.2.1.72
西班牙
ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/mirror/perl/ 193.144.20.6
ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/ 130.206.1.2
瑞典
ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ 130.238.253.4
瑞士
ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/ 193.5.24.1
英国
ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/mirrors/perl/CPAN/ 158.152.1.44
ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/CPAN/ 193.63.255.1
ftp://unix.hensa.ac.uk/mirrors/perl-CPAN/ 129.12.200.129
北美
安大略
ftp://ftp.utilis.com/public/CPAN/ 207.34.209.49
ftp://enterprise.ic.gc.ca/pub/perl/CPAN/ 192.197.182.100
加州
ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/ 204.123.2.4
ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/perl/CPAN/ 165.113.58.253
科罗拉多
ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ 128.138.243.20
佛罗里达
ftp://ftp.cis.ufl.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ 128.227.205.206
伊利诺伊
ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ 128.174.5.14
麻省
ftp://ftp.iguide.com/pub/mirrors/packages/perl/CPAN/ 206.15.105.99
纽约
ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ 157.225.178.12
北卡罗来纳
ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/ 152.3.233.7
俄克拉荷马
ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/ 129.15.2.40
俄勒冈
ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/packages/CPAN/ 128.193.4.12
德克萨斯
ftp://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ 198.213.9.194
ftp://ftp.metronet.com/pub/perl/ 192.245.137.6
南美
智利
ftp://sunsite.dcc.uchile.cl/pub/Lang/perl/CPAN/ 146.83.5.204
对于拥有多协议浏览器的人，还可以访问Tom Christiansen的CPANmultiplexer，这里Tk的URL会写成如下的格式：
http://perl.com/cgi-bin/cpan_mod?module=Tk
http://perl.com/cgi-bin/cpan_mod?module=Tk&readme=1
有些CPAN的站点可以为哪些没有解压缩工具（如gunzip）的用户提供已解压的版本。例如，在ufl的站点，你可以用如下的命令来下载一个解压后的Tk包：
ftp> get Tk400.202.tar
有些CPAN站点是可以用HTTP协议访问的，如：
http://www.cdrom.com/pub/perl/CPAN/
http://www.metronet.com/perlinfo/
如果你已经安装了适当的CPAN和FTP模块（是的，CPAN上有一个用来获取CPAN模块的模块名字就叫CPAN！），你就可以用下面的一行命令来获取并安装一个模块：
perl –MCPAN –e ‘install “Tk”’
想了解CPAN的情况，你可以发e-mail给CPAN的管理员。如果你发现了一些CPAN上没有的Perl资源（请先确认你已经检查了indices目录中的内容！），请告诉CPAN的管理员。如果你有一些自己的模块、脚本或文档想要送到CPAN，请先阅读authors/00upload.howto的文件然后再与管理员联系。
