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GCC使用指南及gcc最佳编译参数

王朝other·作者佚名  2008-05-18
窄屏简体版  字體: |||超大  

GCC 使用指南

使用语法:

gcc [ option | filename ]...

g++ [ option | filename ]...

其中 option 为 gcc 使用时的选项(后面会再详述),

而 filename 为欲以 gcc 处理的文件

说明:

这 C 与 C++ 的 compiler 已将产生新程序的相关程序整合起来。产

生一个新的程序需要经过四个阶段:预处理、编译、汇编、连结,而这两

个编译器都能将输入的文件做不同阶段的处理。虽然原始程序的扩展名可

用来分辨编写原始程序码所用的语言,但不同的compiler,其预设的处理

程序却各不相同:

gcc

预设经由预处理过(扩展名为.i)的文件为 C 语言,并於程式

连结阶段以 C 的连结方式处理。

g++

预设经由预处理过(扩展名为.i)的文件为 C++ 语言,并於程

序连结阶段以 C++ 的连结方式处理。

原始程序码的扩展名指出所用编写程序所用的语言,以及相对应的处

理方法:

.c

C 原始程序

; 预处理、编译、汇编

.C

C++ 原始程序

; 预处理、编译、汇编

.cc C++ 原始程序

; 预处理、编译、汇编

.cxx C++ 原始程序

; 预处理、编译、汇编

.m

Objective-C 原始程序

; 预处理、编译、汇编

.i

已经过预处理之 C 原始程序

; 编译、汇编

.ii 已经过预处理之 C++ 原始程序 ; 编译、汇编

.s

组合语言原始程序

; 汇编

.S

组合语言原始程序

; 预处理、汇编

.h

预处理文件(标头文件)

; (不常出现在指令行)

其他扩展名的文件是由连结程序来处理,通常有:

.o

Object file

.a

Archive file

除非编译过程出现错误,否则 "连结" 一定是产生一个新程序的最

後阶段。然而你也可以以 -c、-s 或 -E 等选项,将整个过程自四

个阶段中的其中一个停止。在连结阶段,所有与原始码相对应的

.o 文件、程序库、和其他无法自文件名辨明属性的文件(包括不以 .o

为扩展名的 object file 以及扩展名为 .a 的 archive file)都会

交由连结程序来处理(在指令行将那些文件当作连结程序的参数传给

连结程序)。

选项:

不同的选项必须分开来下:例如 `-dr' 这个选项就与 `-d -r' 大

不相同。

绝大部份的 `-f' 及 `-W' 选项都有正反两种形式:-fname 及

-fno-name (或 -Wname 及 -Wno-name)。以下只列出非预设的那个

形式。

以下是所有选项的摘要。以形式来分类。选项的意义将另辟小节说

明。

一般性(概略、常用的)选项

-c -S -E -o file -pipe -v -x language

程序语言选项

-ansi -fall-virtual -fcond-mismatch

-fdollars-in-identifiers -fenum-int-equiv

-fexternal-templates -fno-asm -fno-builtin

-fno-strict-prototype -fsigned-bitfields

-fsigned-char -fthis-is-variable

-funsigned-bitfields -funsigned-char

-fwritable-strings -traditional -traditional-cpp

-trigraphs

编译时的警告选项

-fsyntax-only -pedantic -pedantic-errors -w -W

-Wall -Waggregate-return -Wcast-align -Wcast-qual

-Wchar-subscript -Wcomment -Wconversion

-Wenum-clash -Werror -Wformat -Wid-clash-len

-Wimplicit -Winline -Wmissing-prototypes

-Wmissing-declarations -Wnested-externs -Wno-import

-Wparentheses -Wpointer-arith -Wredundant-decls

-Wreturn-type -Wshadow -Wstrict-prototypes -Wswitch

-Wtemplate-debugging -Wtraditional -Wtrigraphs

-Wuninitialized -Wunused -Wwrite-strings

除错选项

-a -dletters -fpretend-float -g -glevel -gcoff

-gxcoff -gxcoff+ -gdwarf -gdwarf+ -gstabs -gstabs+

-ggdb -p -pg -save-temps -print-file-name=library

-print-libgcc-file-name -print-prog-name=program

最佳化选项

-fcaller-saves -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks

-fdelayed-branch -felide-constructors

-fexpensive-optimizations -ffast-math -ffloat-store

-fforce-addr -fforce-mem -finline-functions

-fkeep-inline-functions -fmemoize-lookups

-fno-default-inline -fno-defer-pop

-fno-function-cse -fno-inline -fno-peephole

-fomit-frame-pointer -frerun-cse-after-loop

-fschedule-insns -fschedule-insns2

-fstrength-reduce -fthread-jumps -funroll-all-loops

-funroll-loops -O -O2

预处理选项

-Aassertion -C -dD -dM -dN -Dmacro[=defn] -E -H

-idirafter dir -include file -imacros file -iprefix

file -iwithprefix dir -M -MD -MM -MMD -nostdinc -P

-Umacro -undef

汇编程序选项

-Wa,option

连结程序选项

-llibrary -nostartfiles -nostdlib -static -shared

-symbolic -Xlinker option -Wl,option -u symbol

目录选项

-Bprefix -Idir -I- -Ldir

Target Options

-b machine -V version

与机器(平台)相关的选项

M680x0 Options

-m68000 -m68020 -m68020-40 -m68030 -m68040 -m68881

-mbitfield -mc68000 -mc68020 -mfpa -mnobitfield

-mrtd -mshort -msoft-float

VAX Options

-mg -mgnu -munix

SPARC Options

-mepilogue -mfpu -mhard-float -mno-fpu

-mno-epilogue -msoft-float -msparclite -mv8

-msupersparc -mcypress

Convex Options

-margcount -mc1 -mc2 -mnoargcount

AMD29K Options

-m29000 -m29050 -mbw -mdw -mkernel-registers

-mlarge -mnbw -mnodw -msmall -mstack-check

-muser-registers

M88K Options

-m88000 -m88100 -m88110 -mbig-pic

-mcheck-zero-division -mhandle-large-shift

-midentify-revision -mno-check-zero-division

-mno-ocs-debug-info -mno-ocs-frame-position

-mno-optimize-arg-area -mno-serialize-volatile

-mno-underscores -mocs-debug-info

-mocs-frame-position -moptimize-arg-area

-mserialize-volatile -mshort-data-num -msvr3 -msvr4

-mtrap-large-shift -muse-div-instruction

-mversion-03.00 -mwarn-passed-structs

RS6000 Options

-mfp-in-toc -mno-fop-in-toc

RT Options

-mcall-lib-mul -mfp-arg-in-fpregs -mfp-arg-in-gregs

-mfull-fp-blocks -mhc-struct-return -min-line-mul

-mminimum-fp-blocks -mnohc-struct-return

MIPS Options

-mcpu=cpu type -mips2 -mips3 -mint64 -mlong64

-mlonglong128 -mmips-as -mgas -mrnames -mno-rnames

-mgpopt -mno-gpopt -mstats -mno-stats -mmemcpy

-mno-memcpy -mno-mips-tfile -mmips-tfile

-msoft-float -mhard-float -mabicalls -mno-abicalls

-mhalf-pic -mno-half-pic -G num -nocpp

i386 Options

-m486 -mno-486 -msoft-float -mno-fp-ret-in-387

HPPA Options

-mpa-risc-1-0 -mpa-risc-1-1 -mkernel -mshared-libs

-mno-shared-libs -mlong-calls -mdisable-fpregs

-mdisable-indexing -mtrailing-colon

i960 Options

-mcpu-type -mnumerics -msoft-float

-mleaf-procedures -mno-leaf-procedures -mtail-call

-mno-tail-call -mcomplex-addr -mno-complex-addr

-mcode-align -mno-code-align -mic-compat

-mic2.0-compat -mic3.0-compat -masm-compat

-mintel-asm -mstrict-align -mno-strict-align

-mold-align -mno-old-align

DEC Alpha Options

-mfp-regs -mno-fp-regs -mno-soft-float -msoft-float

System V Options

-G -Qy -Qn -YP,paths -Ym,dir

Code Generation Options

-fcall-saved-reg -fcall-used-reg -ffixed-reg

-finhibit-size-directive -fnonnull-objects

-fno-common -fno-ident -fno-gnu-linker

-fpcc-struct-return -fpic -fPIC

-freg-struct-returno -fshared-data -fshort-enums

-fshort-double -fvolatile -fvolatile-global

-fverbose-asm

PRAGMAS

Two `#pragma' directives are supported for GNU C++, to

permit using the same header file for two purposes: as a

definition of interfaces to a given object class, and as

the full definition of the contents of that object class.

#pragma interface

(C++ only.) Use this directive in header files

that define object classes, to save space in most

of the object files that use those classes. Nor-

mally, local copies of certain information (backup

copies of inline member functions, debugging infor-

mation, and the internal tables that implement vir-

tual functions) must be kept in each object file

that includes class definitions. You can use this

pragma to avoid such duplication. When a header

file containing `#pragma interface' is included in

a compilation, this auxiliary information will not

be generated (unless the main input source file it-

self uses `#pragma implementation'). Instead, the

object files will contain references to be resolved

at link time.

#pragma implementation

#pragma implementation "objects.h"

(C++ only.) Use this pragma in a main input file,

when you want full output from included header

files to be generated (and made globally visible).

The included header file, in turn, should use

`#pragma interface'. Backup copies of inline mem-

ber functions, debugging information, and the in-

ternal tables used to implement virtual functions

are all generated in implementation files.

If you use `#pragma implementation' with no argu-

ment, it applies to an include file with the same

basename as your source file; for example, in

`allclass.cc', `#pragma implementation' by itself

is equivalent

to

`#pragma

implementation

"allclass.h"'. Use the string argument if you want

a single implementation file to include code from

multiple header files.

There is no way to split up the contents of a sin-

gle header file into multiple implementation files.

文件说明

file.c

C source file

file.h

C header (preprocessor) file

file.i

经预处理过的 C source file

file.C

C++ source file

file.cc

C++ source file

file.cxx

C++ source file

file.m

Objective-C source file

file.s

assembly language file

file.o

object file

a.out

link edited output

TMPDIR/cc*

temporary files

LIBDIR/cpp

preprocessor

LIBDIR/cc1

compiler for C

LIBDIR/cc1plus

compiler for C++

LIBDIR/collect

linker front end needed on some machines

LIBDIR/libgcc.a

GCC subroutine library

/lib/crt[01n].o

start-up routine

LIBDIR/ccrt0

additional start-up routine for C++

/lib/libc.a

standard C library, 参阅 man page intro(3)

/usr/include

standard directory for #include files

LIBDIR/include

standard gcc directory for #include files

LIBDIR/g++-include additional g++ directory for #include

LIBDIR is usually /usr/local/lib/machine/version.

TMPDIR comes from the environment variable TMPDIR (default

/usr/tmp if available, else /tmp).

gcc最佳编译参数

摘要

本文着重介绍在不同的硬件环境下给GCC指定哪些参数才可以得到最佳的性能。

这篇文章是从一个名为Gentoo Linux的发行版的编程说明书里面分离出来的,希望对大家编译程序有帮助。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一、1.2版(gcc 2.9.x版)

i386 (Intel), do you really want to install gentoo on that? CHOST="i386-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

i486 (Intel), do you really want to install gentoo on that? CHOST="i486-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium, Pentium MMX+, Celeron (Mendocino) (Intel) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium Pro/II/III/4, Celeron (Coppermine), Celeron (Willamette?) (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i686 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i686 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Eden C3/Ezra (Via) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i586 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i586 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Quote : I did the original gentoo install using 1.2, with gcc 2.95 using -march=i586. i686 won't work.

K6 or beyond (AMD) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

(A Duron will report "Athlon" in its /proc/cpuinfo)

Athlon (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

For the following, i don't know of any flag that enhance performances..., do you ?

PowerPC CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Sparc CHOST="sparc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Sparc 64 CHOST="sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

二、1.4版(gcc 3.x版):

i386 (Intel), do you really want to install gentoo on that ? CHOST="i386-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

i486 (Intel), do you really want to install gentoo on that ? CHOST="i486-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium 1 (Intel) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium MMX (Intel) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium-mmx -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium-mmx -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium PRO (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentiumpro -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentiumpro -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium II (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Celeron (Mendocino), aka Celeron1 (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium III (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Celeron (Coppermine) aka Celeron2 (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Celeron (Willamette?) (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Pentium 4 (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Eden C3/Ezra (Via) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i586 -m3dnow -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i586 -m3dnow -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

quote : the ezra doesn't have any special instructions that you could optimize for, just consider is a K6-3...basically a p2 with 3dnow

K6 (AMD) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

K6-2 (AMD) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6-2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6-2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

K6-3 (AMD) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6-3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6-3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Athlon (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Athlon-tbird, aka K7 (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-tbird -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-tbird -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Athlon-tbird XP (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Athlon 4(AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Athlon XP (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Athlon MP (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-mp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-mp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

603 (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

603e (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

604 (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

604e (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

750 aka as G3 (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-mcpu=750 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=750 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

Note: do not use -march=

7400, aka G4 (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-mcpu=7400 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec" CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=7400 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec"

Note: do not use -march=

7450, aka G4 second generation (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-mcpu=7450 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec" CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=7450 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec"

Note: do not use -march=

PowerPC (If you don't know which one) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"

Sparc CHOST="sparc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

Sparc 64 CHOST="sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"GCC 使用指南 GCC 使用指南 GCC 使用指南

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