qmail安装心得(安装过程）

一、下载软件包

qmail, ftp://cr.yp.to/software/qmail-1.03.tar.gz ·

ucspi-tcp, ftp://cr.yp.to/ucspi-tcp/ucspi-tcp-0.88.tar.gz ·

daemontools, ftp://cr.yp.to/daemontools/daemontools-0.76.tar.gz ·

vpopmail http://www.inter7.com/vpopmail/vpopmail-5.2.1.tar.gz

mysql

二、安装

1、准备安装文件和目录

umask 022

mkdir -p /usr/local/src

mv qmail-1.03.tar.gz ucspi-tcp-0.88.tar.gz /usr/local/src

mkdir -p /package

mv daemontools-0.76.tar.gz /package

chmod 1755 /package

2、解压文件

cd /usr/local/src

tar -xzf qmail-1.03.tar.gz

tar -xzf ucspi-tcp-0.88.tar.gz

cd /package

tar -xzf daemontools-0.76.tar.gz

3、安装qmail

mkdir /var/qmail 创建qmail安装目录

#mkdir /etc/qmail

#ln -s /etc/qmail /var/qmail/control

阅读INSTALL.ids文件。根据要求创建安装qmail所需要的用户组

groupadd nofiles

useradd qmaild -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent

useradd alias -g nofiles -d /var/qmail/alias -s /nonexistent

useradd qmaill -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent

useradd qmailp -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent

groupadd qmail

useradd qmailq -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent

useradd qmailr -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent

useradd qmails -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent

#build qmail source

cd /usr/local/src/qmail-1.03

make setup check

./config or ./config-fast mail2.fugui.cn

4、安装vpopmail（需要mysql数据库）

1、添加用户和组 vpopmail/vchkpw

groupadd -g 89 vchkpw

useradd -g vchkpw -u 89 vpopmail

2、准备软件包

tar xzf vpopmail-5.3.23.tar.gz

chown -R root.root vpopmail-5.3.23

cd vpopmail-5.3.23

3、在vpopmail的源文件中设置对mysql的支持

修改vmysql.h中的下面几行。

#define MYSQL_UPDATE_USER "vpopmailuser"

#define MYSQL_UPDATE_PASSWD "vpoppasswd"

#define MYSQL_READ_USER "vpopmailuser"

#define MYSQL_READ_PASSWD "vpoppasswd“

4、在mysql中创建数据库并进行用户授权

mysql --password="mysql-root-pwd"

CREATE DATABASE vpopmail;

GRANT select,insert,update,delete,create,drop ON vpopmail.*

TO vpopmailuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'vpoppasswd';

quit

5、编译vpopmail

./configure --enable-roaming-users=y \ #这里用y也许可以支持有选择的relay

--enable-logging=p --enable-defaultquota=20971520S --enable-ip-alias-domains=n --enable-passwd=n --enable-clear-passwd=y --enable-domain-quotas=n --enable-mysql=y --enable-incdir=/usr/local/mysql/include --enable-libdir=/usr/local/mysql/lib --enable-many-domains=n --enable-auth-logging=y --enable-mysql-logging=y --enable-valias=y --enable-mysql-limits=n

make

make install-strip

5、安装ucspi-tcp

cd /usr/local/src/ucspi-tcp-0.88

make

make setup check

6、安装daemontools

cd /package/admin/daemontools-0.76

package/install

#安装完后可以验证

1、 ps -ef | grep svscan

2、在/etc/inittab 中增加以下行SV:123456:respawn:/command/svscanboot

7、准备启动管理qmail的脚本

/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/run

\log/run

\qmail-smtpd/run

\log/run

\qmail-pop3d/run

\log/run

/var/qmail/rc

1、/var/qmail/rc的创建，采用qmail-local来分发信件

#!/bin/sh

# Using stdout for logging

# Using control/defaultdelivery from qmail-local to deliver

exec env - PATH="/var/qmail/bin:$PATH" qmail-start "`cat /var/qmail/control/defaultdelivery`"

chmod 755 /var/qmail/rc

#决定默认的邮箱类型。而非由.qmail分发类型

mailbox format name location defaultdelivery

mbox Mailbox $HOME ./Mailbox

maildir Maildir $HOME ./Maildir/

mbox username /var/spool/mail 可以参看INSTALL.vsm

#要使用/var/spool/mail邮箱类型可以使用/var/qmail/boot/proc 作为rc脚本

echo ./Maildir/ >/var/qmail/control/defaultdelivery

2、/var/qmail/bin/qmailctl控制脚本

Create the qmailctl file by vi /var/qmail/bin/qmailctl

#!/bin/sh

# For Red Hat chkconfig

# chkconfig: - 30 80

# description: the qmail MTA

PATH=/var/qmail/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin

export PATH

QMAILDUID=`id -u qmaild`

NOFILESGID=`id -g qmaild`

case "$1" in

start)

echo "Starting qmail"

if svok /service/qmail-send ; then

svc -u /service/qmail-send /service/qmail-send/log

#调用/var/qmail/supervice/qmail-send/run

else

echo qmail-send service not running

if svok /service/qmail-smtpd ; then #调用/var/qmail/supervice/qmail-smtpd/run

svc -u /service/qmail-smtpd /service/qmail-smtpd/log

else

echo qmail-smtpd service not running

if [ -d /var/lock/subsys ]; then

touch /var/lock/subsys/qmail

if svok /service/qmail-pop3d ; then #调用/var/qmail/supervice/qmail-pop3d/run

svc -u /service/qmail-pop3d /service/qmail-pop3d/log

else

echo qmail-pop3d service not running

;;

stop)

echo "Stopping qmail..."

echo " qmail-smtpd"

svc -d /service/qmail-smtpd /service/qmail-smtpd/log

echo " qmail-send"

svc -d /service/qmail-send /service/qmail-send/log

if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/qmail ]; then

rm /var/lock/subsys/qmail

echo " qmail-pop3d"

svc -d /service/qmail-pop3d /service/qmail-pop3d/log

;;

stat)

svstat /service/qmail-send

svstat /service/qmail-send/log

svstat /service/qmail-smtpd

svstat /service/qmail-smtpd/log

qmail-qstat

svstat /service/qmail-pop3d

svstat /service/qmail-pop3d/log

;;

doqueue|alrm|flush)

echo "Sending ALRM signal to qmail-send."

svc -a /service/qmail-send

;;

queue)

qmail-qstat

qmail-qread

;;

reload|hup)

echo "Sending HUP signal to qmail-send."

svc -h /service/qmail-send

;;

pause)

echo "Pausing qmail-send"

svc -p /service/qmail-send

echo "Pausing qmail-smtpd"

svc -p /service/qmail-smtpd

echo "Pausing qmail-pop3d"

svc -p /service/qmail-pop3d

;;

cont)

echo "Continuing qmail-send"

svc -c /service/qmail-send

echo "Continuing qmail-smtpd"

svc -c /service/qmail-smtpd

echo "Continuing qmail-pop3d"

svc -c /service/qmail-pop3d

;;

restart)

echo "Restarting qmail:"

echo "* Stopping qmail-smtpd."

svc -d /service/qmail-smtpd

echo "* Sending qmail-send SIGTERM and restarting."

svc -t /service/qmail-send

echo "* Restarting qmail-smtpd."

svc -u /service/qmail-smtpd

echo "* Restarting qmail-pop3d."

svc -t /service/qmail-pop3d

;;

cdb)

tcprules /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb /etc/tcp.smtp.tmp < /etc/tcp.smtp

chmod 644 /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb

echo "Reloaded /etc/tcp.smtp."

;;

help)

cat <<HELP

stop -- stops mail service (smtp connections refused, nothing goes out)

start -- starts mail service (smtp connection accepted, mail can go out)

pause -- temporarily stops mail service (smtp connections accepted, but nothing leaves)

cont -- continues paused mail service

stat -- displays status of mail service

cdb -- rebuild the tcpserver cdb file for smtp

restart -- stops and restarts smtp, sends qmail-send a TERM & restarts it

doqueue -- sends qmail-send ALRM, scheduling queued messages for delivery

reload -- sends qmail-send HUP, rereading locals and virtualdomains

queue -- shows status of queue

alrm -- same as doqueue

flush -- same as doqueue

hup -- same as reload

HELP

;;

echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|doqueue|flush|reload|stat|pause|cont|cdb|queue|help}"

exit 1

;;

esac

exit 0

> chmod 755 /var/qmail/bin/qmailctl

> ln -s /var/qmail/bin/qmailctl /etc/init.d/qmail

> ln -s /var/qmail/bin/qmailctl /usr/bin/qmailctl

##其余的一些脚本

#建立脚本的目录

mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log

mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log

mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/log

1>/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/run脚本

#!/bin/sh

exec /var/qmail/rc

2>/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log/run

#!/bin/sh

exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t /var/log/qmail

**multilog 是daemontools中的一个工具。t告诉在每条日志记录前加上@timestamp

**multilog script

**multilog /var/log/qmail 表示可以在此目录添加日志内容。当前日志为current

**以及一些老的日志文件。当日志足够大的时候（默认为99999=96k）的时候把current

**更名为老文件。日志文件大小可以用设置。也可以设置最多保留多少份日志默认为

**10

**multilog t /dir sszie nnum

**setuidgid username child 就是以username的身份执行child

3>/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run脚本

#!/bin/sh

QMAILDUID=`id -u qmaild`

NOFILESGID=`id -g qmaild`

MAXSMTPD=`cat /var/qmail/control/concurrencyincoming`

LOCAL=`head -1 /var/qmail/control/me`

if [ -z "$QMAILDUID" -o -z "$NOFILESGID" -o -z "$MAXSMTPD" -o -z "$LOCAL" ]; then

echo QMAILDUID, NOFILESGID, MAXSMTPD, or LOCAL is unset in

echo /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run

exit 1

if [ ! -f /var/qmail/control/rcpthosts ]; then

echo "No /var/qmail/control/rcpthosts!"

echo "because it'll create an open relay"

exit 1

exec /usr/local/bin/softlimit -m 2000000 /usr/local/bin/tcpserver -v -R -l "$LOCAL" -x /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb -c "$MAXSMTPD" -u "$QMAILDUID" -g "$NOFILESGID" 0 smtp /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd 2>&1

###softlimit 工具 softlimit opts child 限制child运行时的soft resource

###tcpserver opts host port prog

###tcpserver等待客户连接，然后运行prog 服务的地址由host 和 port 给出,host可

##以是0，这样就允许连接到任何本地ip.

##options 分为3类[常规选项，连接选项，数据收集选项]

-v : 输出详细的错误信息 [常规选项]

-R : 不去查询远端主机的信息 [数据收集选项]

-l $LOCAL 设置本地主机名 [数据收集选项]

-x cdb 定义如何设置环境变量或者拒绝某类连接

-c n 定义允许的最大连接数

-u uid

-g gid 以用户和组的身份运行prog

-H 不查询客户端域名

echo 20 > /var/qmail/control/concurrencyincoming

chmod 644 /var/qmail/control/concurrencyincoming

4》3>/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log/run脚本

#!/bin/sh

exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t /var/log/qmail/smtpd

5>/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/run

#!/bin/sh

exec /usr/local/bin/softlimit -m 3000000 /usr/local/bin/tcpserver -v -R -H -c 30 -l hostname.yourdomain.com 0 110 /var/qmail/bin/qmail-popup hostname.yourdomain.com /home/vpopmail/bin/vchkpw /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d Maildir 2>&1

6>/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/log/run

#!/bin/sh

exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t /var/log/qmail/pop3d

ln -s /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send /service

ln -s /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd /service

ln -s /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d /service

chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/run

chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log/run

chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run

chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log/run

chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/run

chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/log/run

###准备日志目录

mkdir -p /var/log/qmail/qmail-smtpd

mkdir -p /var/log/qmail/qmail-pop3d

chown qmaill /var/log/qmail /var/log/qmail/smtpd /var/log/qmail/qmail-pop3d

SMTP Access Control

Allow the local host to inject mail via SMTP:

echo '127.:allow,RELAYCLIENT=""' >>/etc/tcp.smtp

qmailctl cdb

###starting qmail

#替换sendmail程序

mv /usr/lib/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail.old # ignore errors

mv /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail.old # ignore errors

chmod 0 /usr/lib/sendmail.old /usr/sbin/sendmail.old # ignore errors

ln -s /var/qmail/bin/sendmail /usr/lib

ln -s /var/qmail/bin/sendmail /usr/sbin

#创建必须的别名

echo dave > /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-root

echo dave > /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-postmaster

ln -s .qmail-postmaster /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-mailer-daemon

chmod 644 /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-root /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-postmaster

smtp auth docuemnt

可以使用qmail-smtpd-auth 实现smtp auth

1、打补丁及编绎安装qmail

#wget http://members.elysium.pl/brush/qmail-smtpd-auth/dist/qmail-smtpd-auth-0.31.tar.gz

#tar zxvf qmail-1.03.tar.gz

#tar zxvf qmail-smtpd-auth-0.31.tar.gz //smtp auth补丁。

#cp qmail-smtpd-auth-0.31/base64.* qmail-1.03 //安装smtp-auth补丁，支持smtp认证

#patch -d qmail-1.03 < qmail-smtpd-auth-0.31/auth.patch

2、修改/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run

exec /usr/local/bin/softlimit -m 4000000 tcpserver -H -l0 -R -c 512 -x

/home/vpopmail/etc/tcp.smtp.cdb -u VPOPMAILUID -g VPOPMAILGUID 0 smtp

/var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd your.qmail.server.name /home/vpopmail/bin/vchkpw

/bin/true &

收集的一些常见问题

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如何限制附件大小：

在/var/qmail/control/databytes中写入想要限制的大小值：

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如何将进出internet的信件转发一封给某个人

你以前问过吧。

置顶的有个问题相关。

简单的办法，就是你所有的信件都转给某个用户。

再到这个用户进行过滤。

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最好不要用raoming user方式编译，没什么好处。

auth的时候，把后面的域名去掉试试看

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最近有几封邮件无法发送出去，日志中提示说对方服务器block 掉了发送地址。可是我的qmail 还是不断的尝试，直到大概7 天后回复给发送者说无法发送，现在我要更改这个时间为2 个小时，请问有什么参数来着？？？

坏邮件在队列中存在时间过长？？？？？

queuelifetime 缺省

604800 也就是7天

秒为单位

1小时 3600

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