OpenBSD系列（四） - 王朝网络

OpenBSD 系列（四）

在前面的三篇中我们介绍了OpenBSD的安装，在这篇中我们简单的介绍一下OpenBSD的网络设置和内核编译。

我自己是使用局域网，所以只介绍这个方面的，如果有人使用的是PPP方式，可自行查看官方站点上的FAQ。

可能很多使用OpenBSD的人是从FreeBSD下转过来的，但OpenBSD的网络设置与FreeBSD有所不同，它的网络配置没有写进rc.conf, 而是作为单独的文件存放的。

网卡IP存放在/etc/hostname.网卡型号名，网关存放在/etc/mygate

主机名存放在/etc/myname, 名字服务器地址没变，存放在/etc/resolv.conf

我们使用ifconfig –a 查看网卡型号：（这个是我已配置好的）

[color=red:95d41961ef]lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 33224

inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000

lo1: flags=8008<LOOPBACK,MULTICAST> mtu 33224

ne0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

address: 00:e0:4c:e0:45:0c

media: Ethernet autoselect (10baseT)

inet ***.***.***.*** netmask 0xfffffe00 broadcast ***.***.***.***

pflog0: flags=0<> mtu 33224

pfsync0: flags=0<> mtu 2020[/color:95d41961ef]

我的网卡是ne0, 但不知怎么的，系统安装好后，在/etc/中建立的文件却是hostname.ne3, 我只好自己手动改成 hostname.ne0,

关于这个hostname.*文件的格式：

inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 NONE

inet 指定ip地址， netmask指定网络掩码。

当然你也可以指定详细的网卡说明：

inet 10.0.0.38 255.255.255.0 NONE media 100baseTX mediaopt full-duplex

现在指定网关，修改/etc/mygate，写入网关IP就行了。

主机名，写入/etc/myname.

/etc/resolv.conf，与别的系统一样的，这个就不用说了！

下面我们来配置内核吧！

首先查看开机信息： dmesg

[color=red:95d41961ef]

OpenBSD 3.3 (GENERIC) #44: Sat Mar 29 13:22:05 MST 2003

[email]deraadt@i386.openbsd.org[/email]:/usr/src/sys/arch/i386/compile/GENERIC

cpu0: Intel Pentium III (Tualatin) ("GenuineIntel" 686-class) 1.01 GHz

cpu0: FPU,V86,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,SYS,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,MMX,FXSR,SIMD

real mem = 133738496 (130604K)

avail mem = 118341632 (115568K)

using 1658 buffers containing 6791168 bytes (6632K) of memory

mainbus0 (root)

bios0 at mainbus0: AT/286+(73) BIOS, date 02/21/02, BIOS32 rev. 0 @ 0xfb190

apm0 at bios0: Power Management spec V1.2

apm0: AC on, battery charge unknown

pcibios0 at bios0: rev. 2.1 @ 0xf0000/0xdf94

pcibios0: PCI IRQ Routing Table rev. 1.0 @ 0xfded0/192 (10 entries)

pcibios0: PCI Exclusive IRQs: 5 9 11

pcibios0: PCI Interrupt Router at 000:31:0 ("Intel 82371SB PCI-ISA" rev 0x00)

pcibios0: PCI bus #2 is the last bus

bios0: ROM list: 0xc0000/0xa800

pci0 at mainbus0 bus 0: configuration mode 1 (no bios)

pchb0 at pci0 dev 0 function 0 "Intel 82815 Hub" rev 0x02

ppb0 at pci0 dev 1 function 0 "Intel 82815 AGP" rev 0x02

pci1 at ppb0 bus 1

vga1 at pci1 dev 0 function 0 "Nvidia Riva TNT2" rev 0x15

wsdisplay0 at vga1: console (80x25, vt100 emulation)

wsdisplay0: screen 1-5 added (80x25, vt100 emulation)

ppb1 at pci0 dev 30 function 0 "Intel 82801BA AGP" rev 0x05

pci2 at ppb1 bus 2

ne3 at pci2 dev 2 function 0 "Realtek 8029" rev 0x00: irq 11

ne3: address 00:e0:4c:e0:45:0c

pcib0 at pci0 dev 31 function 0 "Intel 82801BA LPC" rev 0x05

pciide0 at pci0 dev 31 function 1 "Intel 82801BA IDE" rev 0x05: DMA, channel 0 wired to compatibility, channel 1 wired to compatibility

wd0 at pciide0 channel 0 drive 0: <ST33221A>

wd0: 32-sector PIO, LBA, 3077MB, 6253 cyl, 16 head, 63 sec, 6303024 sectors

wd0(pciide0:0:0): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 2

atapiscsi0 at pciide0 channel 1 drive 1

scsibus0 at atapiscsi0: 2 targets

cd0 at scsibus0 targ 0 lun 0: <MIDA, M16XD, 3.15> SCSI0 5/cdrom removable

cd0(pciide0:1:1): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 2

uhci0 at pci0 dev 31 function 2 "Intel 82801BA USB" rev 0x05: irq 11

usb0 at uhci0: USB revision 1.0

uhub0 at usb0

uhub0: vendor 0x0000 UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1

uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered

"Intel 82801BA SMBus" rev 0x05 at pci0 dev 31 function 3 not configured

uhci1 at pci0 dev 31 function 4 "Intel 82801BA USB2" rev 0x05: irq 11

usb1 at uhci1: USB revision 1.0

uhub1 at usb1

uhub1: vendor 0x0000 UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1

uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered

auich0 at pci0 dev 31 function 5 "Intel 82801BA AC97 Audio" rev 0x05: irq 9, ICH2 AC97

ac97: codec id 0x414c4710 (Avance Logic ALC200)

ac97: codec features headphone, 18 bit DAC, 18 bit ADC, Realtek 3D

audio0 at auich0

isa0 at pcib0

isadma0 at isa0

pckbc0 at isa0 port 0x60/5

pckbd0 at pckbc0 (kbd slot)

pckbc0: using irq 1 for kbd slot

wskbd0 at pckbd0: console keyboard, using wsdisplay0

pms0 at pckbc0 (aux slot)

pckbc0: using irq 12 for aux slot

wsmouse0 at pms0 mux 0

pcppi0 at isa0 port 0x61

midi0 at pcppi0: <PC speaker>

sysbeep0 at pcppi0

lpt0 at isa0 port 0x378/4 irq 7

npx0 at isa0 port 0xf0/16: using exception 16

pccom0 at isa0 port 0x3f8/8 irq 4: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo

pccom1 at isa0 port 0x2f8/8 irq 3: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo

fdc0 at isa0 port 0x3f0/6 irq 6 drq 2

fd0 at fdc0 drive 0: 1.44MB 80 cyl, 2 head, 18 sec

biomask c840 netmask c840 ttymask d8c2

pctr: 686-class user-level performance counters enabled

mtrr: Pentium Pro MTRR support

dkcsum: wd0 matched BIOS disk 80

root on wd0a

rootdev=0x0 rrootdev=0x300 rawdev=0x302

[/color:95d41961ef]

现在我们依开机信息对/usr/src/sys/arch/i386/conf的GENERIC进行选择(这样出错少，当然你对自己机配置很熟也不用这样做)：

[color=red:95d41961ef]

machine i386 # architecture, used by config; REQUIRED

include "../../../conf/GENERIC"

option I686_CPU

option GPL_MATH_EMULATE # floating point emulation.

option USER_PCICONF # user-space PCI configuration

option APERTURE # in-kernel aperture driver for XFree86

option COMPAT_SVR4 # binary compatibility with SVR4

option COMPAT_LINUX # binary compatibility with Linux

option COMPAT_FREEBSD # binary compatibility with FreeBSD

option COMPAT_BSDOS # binary compatibility with BSD/OS

maxusers 32 # estimated number of users

config bsd swap generic

mainbus0 at root

bios0 at mainbus0

apm0 at bios0 flags 0x0000 # flags 0x0101 to force protocol version 1.1

pcibios0 at bios0 flags 0x0000 # use 0x30 for a total verbose

isa0 at mainbus0

isa0 at pcib?

pci* at mainbus0 bus ?

option PCIVERBOSE

pchb* at pci? dev ? function ? # PCI-Host bridges

ppb* at pci? dev ? function ? # PCI-PCI bridges

pci* at ppb? bus ?

pci* at pchb? bus ?

pcib* at pci? dev ? function ? # PCI-ISA bridge

npx0 at isa? port 0xf0 irq 13 # math coprocessor

isadma0 at isa?

isapnp0 at isa?

option WSDISPLAY_COMPAT_USL # VT handling

option WSDISPLAY_COMPAT_RAWKBD # can get raw scancodes

option WSDISPLAY_DEFAULTSCREENS=6

option WSDISPLAY_COMPAT_PCVT # emulate some ioctls

pckbc0 at isa? # PC keyboard controller

pckbd* at pckbc? # PC keyboard

pms* at pckbc? # PS/2 mouse for wsmouse

option PCIAGP

vga* at pci? dev ? function ?

wsdisplay* at vga? console ?

wskbd* at pckbd? console ?

wsmouse* at pms? mux 0

pcppi0 at isa?

sysbeep0 at pcppi?

pccom0 at isa? port 0x3f8 irq 4 # standard PC serial ports

pccom1 at isa? port 0x2f8 irq 3

fdc0 at isa? port 0x3f0 irq 6 drq 2 # standard PC floppy controllers

#fdc1 at isa? port 0x370 irq ? drq ?

fd* at fdc? drive ? flags 0x00

# IDE controllers

pciide* at pci ? dev ? function ? flags 0x0000

# IDE hard drives

#wd* at wdc? channel ? drive ? flags 0x0000

wd* at pciide? channel ? drive ? flags 0x0000

# Networking devices

ne* at pci? dev ? function ? # NE2000-compat ethernet

# Media Independent Interface (mii) drivers

auich* at pci? dev ? function ? # i82801 ICH AC'97 audio

# MIDI support

midi* at pcppi? # MIDI interface to the PC speaker

audio* at auich?

pseudo-device pctr 1

pseudo-device mtrr 1 # Memory range attributes control

pseudo-device sequencer 1

#pseudo-device raid 4 # RAIDframe disk driver

pseudo-device bio 1 # ioctl multiplexing device

# mouse & keyboard multiplexor pseudo-devices

pseudo-device wsmux 2

#pseudo-device crypto 1

[/color:95d41961ef]

这上面就是我依dmesg进行配置的，用起来很好。

OpenBSD内核编译要用到两个文件，下面我们还有一个文件要配置/usr/src/sys/conf/GENERIC

[color=red:95d41961ef]

# $OpenBSD: GENERIC,v 1.93 2003/02/28 21:29:08 tedu Exp $

# Machine-independent option; used by all architectures for their

# GENERIC kernel

#option INSECURE # default to secure

option DDB # in-kernel debugger

#option DDB_SAFE_CONSOLE # allow break into ddb during boot

#makeoptions DEBUG="-g" # compile full symbol table

#makeoptions PROF="-pg" # build profiled kernel

#option GPROF # kernel profiling, kgmon(

option DIAGNOSTIC # internal consistency checks

option KTRACE # system call tracing, a la ktrace(1)

option KMEMSTATS # collect malloc(9) statistics

option PTRACE # ptrace(2) system call

#option CRYPTO # Cryptographic framework

option SYSVMSG # System V-like message queues

option SYSVSEM # System V-like semaphores

option SYSVSHM # System V-like memory sharing

#option UVM_SWAP_ENCRYPT# support encryption of pages going to swap

#option COMPAT_23 # Kernel compatibility with OpenBSD 2.3,

option COMPAT_25 # 2.5,

option COMPAT_43 # and 4.3BSD

#option TCP_COMPAT_42 # TCP bug compatibility with 4.2BSD

option LKM # loadable kernel modules

option FFS # UFS

option FFS_SOFTUPDATES # Soft updates

option QUOTA # UFS quotas

#option EXT2FS # Second Extended Filesystem

option MFS # memory file system

#option XFS # xfs filesystem

option TCP_SACK # Selective Acknowledgements for TCP

option TCP_ECN # Explicit Congestion Notification for TCP

#option TCP_FACK # Forward Acknowledgements for TCP

#option TCP_SIGNATURE # TCP MD5 Signatures, for BGP routing sessions

#option NFSCLIENT # Network File System client

#option NFSSERVER # Network File System server

#option CD9660 # ISO 9660 + Rock Ridge file system

#option MSDOSFS # MS-DOS file system

option FDESC # /dev/fd

option FIFO # FIFOs; RECOMMENDED

option KERNFS # /kern

option PORTAL # dynamically created filesystem objects

option PROCFS # /proc

# layer filesystems. not yet functional

#option NULLFS # loopback file system

#option UMAPFS # NULLFS + uid and gid remapping

#option UNION # union file system

#option GATEWAY # packet forwarding

option INET # IP + ICMP + TCP + UDP

option ALTQ # ALTQ base

#option INET6 # IPv6 (needs INET)

#option PULLDOWN_TEST # use m_pulldown for IPv6 packet parsing

#option IPSEC # IPsec

#option KEY # PF_KEY (implied by IPSEC)

#option NS # XNS

#option NSIP # XNS tunneling over IP

#option IPX # IPX+SPX

#option IPXIP # IPX tunneling over IP

#option ISO,TPIP # OSI

#option EON # OSI tunneling over IP

#option NETATALK # AppleTalk

#option CCITT,LLC,HDLC # X.25

#option PPP_BSDCOMP # PPP BSD compression

#option PPP_DEFLATE

#option MROUTING # Multicast router

pseudo-device pf # packet filter

pseudo-device pflog # pf log if

pseudo-device pfsync # pf sync if

pseudo-device loop 2 # network loopback

pseudo-device bpfilter 8 # packet filter

#pseudo-device sl 2 # CSLIP

#pseudo-device ppp 2 # PPP

#pseudo-device sppp 1 # Sync PPP/HDLC

#pseudo-device tun 2 # network tunneling over tty

#pseudo-device enc 1 # option IPSEC needs the encapsulation interface

#pseudo-device bridge 2 # network bridging support

#pseudo-device vlan 2 # IEEE 802.1Q VLAN

#pseudo-device gre 1 # GRE encapsulation interface

#pseudo-device strip 1 # Starmode Radio IP interface

pseudo-device pty 64 # pseudo-terminals

pseudo-device tb 1 # tablet line discipline

pseudo-device vnd 4 # paging to files

#pseudo-device ccd 4 # concatenated disk devices

pseudo-device ksyms 1 # kernel symbols device

pseudo-device systrace 1 # system call tracing device

# for IPv6

#pseudo-device gif 4 # IPv[46] over IPv[46] tunnel (RFC1933)

#pseudo-device faith 1 # IPv[46] tcp relay translation i/f

option BOOT_CONFIG # add support for boot -c

[/color:95d41961ef]

这个是我的配置文件，如果你对options有不了解的地方可以man options查看。我在配置pseduo-device时曾得到chinaunix.net的Zinx的帮助。这里表示感谢！

在上面这个文件里有时基本同FreeBSD差不多，也可参考FreeBSD的内核配置文件。

这两个文件改好后，我们进行下面操作：

[color=blue:95d41961ef]

# cd /usr/src/sys/arch/i386/conf

# config GENERIC

# cd ../compile/GENERIC

# make clean

# make

# cp /bsd /bsd.old (将以前的内核存为旧的，在失败时使用)

# cp bsd /bsd

# reboot

[/color:95d41961ef]

现在我们就完成了。

在这里有个boot-time configuration，是你可在启动时配置内核，具体可参考官方FAQ：

http://www.openbsd.org/faq/faq5.html

说的比较简单，如果你有问题可去www.linuxeden.com的FreeBSD版, 我同你一起讨论。

下一篇使用cvs ports, cvs src, 希望能一步一步走进OpenBSD世界