使用mod_limitipconn.c来限制apache的并发数之一

1. 考虑到以后要 rewite_url 来使 google 更加容易收录网站，特地添加了 mod_rewrite 。

2. 同时为了限制流量，特别加了 mod_limitpcnn.c 补丁 , 所以多了一个 --enable-forward 选项。

3. 建议安装完毕以后不要删除安装目录，以便以后升级时使用。

4. 记得升级前关闭 apache2.0

编译过程：

#./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward

# make

# make install

这个例子里面是编译了 mod_so，mod_speling 和 openssl 支持。同样有另外几种写法:

#./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward

# make

# make install

或者

#./configure --enable-modules=”so speling”

--enable-MODULE[=shared] 编译并包含模块 MODULE. MODULE 是文档中去掉”_module ”的模块名。要将一个模块编译成为 DSO, 需要加 -shared 选项 , 即 --enable-mods-shared 。(查看 MODULE 手册)

注意："如果希望核心能够装载 DSO，而不实际编译任何动态模块，则要明确指定 --enable-modules=so 或者 --enable-so" (查看 DSO 手册)，所以前面的顺序不能交换顺序。查看所有apache 的 configure 参数

安装完毕后可以用以下命令来查看启动了那些模块

# apachectl -l

Compiled in modules:

core.c

mod_access.c

mod_auth.c

mod_include.c

mod_log_config.c

mod_env.c

mod_setenvif.c

prefork.c

http_core.c

mod_mime.c

mod_status.c

mod_autoindex.c

mod_asis.c

mod_cgi.c

mod_negotiation.c

mod_dir.c mod_imap.c

mod_actions.c

mod_speling.c

mod_userdir.c

mod_alias.c

mod_rewrite.c

mod_so.c

接着，将启动程序放入开机程序中去。如果要启动 ssl 加密网页，则必须通过手动启动 apache2.0 (参见 ssl 部分)

# echo "/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

参考：

If you want your server to continue running after a system reboot , you should add a call to apachectl to your system startup files (typically rc.local or a file in an rc.N directory). This will start Apache as root. Before doing this ensure that your server is properly configured for security and access restrictions.

在 profile 里面添加以上的语句来设置路径，使得在 bash 下更容易控制 apachectl, 省去了输入路径的麻烦。

# vi /etc/profile

PATH=" $PATH:usr/local/apache2/bin:”

* 配置 apache2.0

# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

配置文件请看文件 httpd.conf (设置文档目录为/home/dalouis/public_html)

#chmod 755 – R /home/dalouis/

设置目录的可读性为 drwxr-xr-x(755), 否则会出现 "Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server."

一些关于安全性的配置：

* 考虑到 cgi-bin 的安全性问题，我们暂时将 cgi-bin 去掉。将所有 httpd.conf 中的所有关于 cgi-bin 的行加上 "#".

* Xiyang 的配置

我用的： mod_limitipconn, mod_expires, mod_gzip, mod_php4, mod_so, mod_access, mod_alias, mod_userdir, mod_dir, mod_autoindex, mod_status, mod_mime, mod_log_config, http_core

* 关于超时的问题

在我编写好所有的产品查看页面的时候，经常会出现因为超时，或者流量过大 ,apache 停止工作的问题，原因有二，一是代码的不科学性，二是 apache 的设置问题。

以下是对设置的一点改动：

# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections(more than

# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.

# KeepAlive Off

# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow

# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.

# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.

# MaxKeepAliveRequests 0

# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request

# from the same client on the same connection.

# KeepAliveTimeout 0

# 记录访问者的 HTTP-REFERER 和 AGENT, 有助于统计来者是通过什么搜索引擎找到我们的网站的。或者在原有的CustomLog行，将参数由 common 改成 combined

# If you would like to have agent and referer logfiles,

# uncomment the following directives.

CustomLog logs/referer_log referer

CustomLog logs/agent_log agent

CustomLog logs/www.domain.com-access_log combined

使用 mod_limitipconn.c 来限制 apache 的并发数

Package: http://dominia.org/djao/limit/这里的安装建议使用动态 DSO 并 patch apache2.0, 以使得 apache2.0 可以认识在代理后方的 IP 。但是要重新编译 apache2.0, 以下是介绍。

## Instructions for building DSO with proxy tracking:

# tar xzvf httpd-2.0.39.tar.gz

# tar xzvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz

# cd httpd-2.0.39

# patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff

# ./buildconf

# ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward

# make

# make install

# cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22

# PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH

# make install

安装过程

# lynx http://dominia.org/djao/limit/mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz

# tar -zxvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz

# cd httpd-2.0.48

# patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff

patching file configure.in

Hunk #1 succeeded at 373 (offset 55 lines).

patching file include/scoreboard.h

patching file modules/generators/mod_status.c

Hunk #1 succeeded at 746 (offset -1 lines).

patching file server/scoreboard.c

# ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward

# make

# make install

# cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22

# PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH

# make install

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Libraries have been installed in:

/usr/local/apache2/modules

If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries

in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and

specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'

flag during linking and do at least one of the following:

- add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable

during execution

- add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable

during linking

- use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag

- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'

See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for

more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

chmod 755 /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_limitipconn.so

[activating module `limitipconn' in /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf]

检查 httpd.conf 文件，发现增加了一下一行

LoadModule limitipconn_module modules/mod_limitipconn.so

同时需要设置以下参数在 httpd.conf 中 , 也可以在单个虚拟服务器中。

ExtendedStatus On

# Only needed if the module is compiled as a DSO

LoadModule limitipconn_module lib/apache/mod_limitipconn.so

MaxConnPerIP 3

# exempting images from the connection limit is often a good

# idea if your web page has lots of inline images, since these

# pages often generate a flurry of concurrent image requests

# NoIPLimit image/*

# In this case, all MIME types other than audio/mpeg and video*

# are exempt from the limit check

# OnlyIPLimit audio/mpeg video

</Location>

</IfModule>

注意： LoadModule limitipconn_module modules/mod_limitipconn.so 必须放在虚拟服务器之前！否则不能启动。

* 定制 Apache index 目录

在 Apache 中设置目录 <Directory> 有 Options Indexes 属性的时候，可以索引文件夹内容，但是如果要定制显示的内容，就必须添加以下几行到各个服务器的设置中去。（可以是全局，也可以是虚拟服务器或者目录） MODULE: mod_autoindex

ReadmeName /README.shtml

HeaderName /HEADER.shtml

IndexOptions +SuppressHTMLPreamble FancyIndexing VersionSort FoldersFirst NameWidth=* (Optoional)

但是，我在按照步骤，添加以上设置、设置文件夹可被索引属性、制作页首和页尾上传后，仍旧发现不能显示。最终发现，由于我安装了 PHP, 为了使得 PHP 代码可以被嵌入 .html 和 .htm 文档中，我将 httpd.conf 中的一条属性设置为：

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .html .htm

这使得 apache 不能识别原本设置的 README.html 和 HEADER.html,以下这点是从apache的文档中找到类似的解说.

参考

Filename must resolve to a document with a major content type of text/* ( e.g. , text/html , text/plain , etc.). This means that filename may refer to a CGI script if the script's actual file type (as opposed to its output) is marked as text/html such as with a directive like:

AddType text/html .cgi

Content negotiation will be performed if Options MultiViews is in effect. If filename resolves to a static text/html document (not a CGI script) and either one of the options Includes or IncludesNOEXEC is enabled, the file will be processed for server-side includes (see the mod_include documentation).

我将上述 PHP 的 Type 的最终 .html 和 .htm 去掉以后，就可以正常显示了。于是想办法新添加一个种后缀名为 README 和 HEADER 专用：

AddType text/html .shtml

然后修改 README.html 和 HEADER.html 为 README.shtml 和 HEADER.shtml 即可。要注意的是，因为我要列出的目录都为 open source, 所以有很多名字为“ README ”的文件。因此，要将其中的一条配置做小小的修改。（就是隐藏某些文件的配置）

IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER.* README.* RCS CVS *,v *,t

参考文档：

http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mod_autoindex.html#headername

http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mod_autoindex.html#indexoptions

* 让apache上的图片有防止盗链的功能

参考文档：

Preventing Image 'Theft' By: Ken Coar

Preventing hot linking of images by JavaScript Kit

SetEnvIfNoCase 和 SetEnvIf 的说明文档

http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif

httpd.conf 的修改处

######## Preventing Image 'Theft' ########

SetEnvIfNoCase Referer “^http://(.)+\.fjhr\.com/” local_ref=1

SetEnvIfNoCase Referer “^http://(.)+\.hzmjp\.com/” local_ref=1

SetEnvIfNoCase Referer “^http://(.)+\.dalouis\.com/” local_ref=1

SetEnvIfNoCase Referer “^http://(.)+\.necktie\.gov\.cn/” local_ref=1

SetEnvIfNoCase Referer “^http://(.)+\.necktie\.net\.cn/” local_ref=1

SetEnvIfNoCase Referer “-” local_ref=1

######## Allow the LOGO image Theft ##########

SetEnvIf Request_URI “/images/logo(.)+” local_ref=0

Order Allow,Deny

Allow from env=local_ref

</FilesMatch>