全球最著名的16位黑客列传和黑客简史
全球著名的《Discovery》电视频道评出全球最著名的16位黑客，名单如下：
Richard Stallman
Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson
John Draper
Mark Abene
Robert Morris
Kevin Mitnick
Kevin Poulsen
Johan Helsingius
Vladimir Levin
Steve Wozniak
Tsutomu Shimomura
Linus Torvalds
Eric Steven Raymond
Ian Murphy
John Perry Barlow
每一位黑客的圈内头衔（Handle）、主要成就（Claim to fame）、第一次接触计算机（First encountered a computer）、自己独特的工具（Unusual tools）、鲜为人知的事实（Little-known fact）、目前状况（Current status）等具体情况分别介绍如下（英文，如有爱好者有兴趣愿意全部翻译成中文，则不胜感谢）。随后还详细附录了黑客守则、黑客简介、黑客发展简史、著名黑客的老窝（个人网站）等中英文重要资料。
Richard Stallman
Handle: None (nothing to hide!)
Claim to fame: A hacker of the old school, Stallman walked in off the street and got a job at MIT’s Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971. He was an undergraduate at Harvard at the time. Disturbed that software was viewed as private property, Stallman later founded the Free Software Foundation.
First encountered a computer: In 1969, at the IBM New York Scientific Center. He was 16 years old.
Unusual tools: In the 1980s Stallman left MIT’s payroll but continued to work from an office at MIT. Here he created a new operating system called GNU ― short for GNU’s Not Unix.
Little-known fact: Recipient of a $240,000 MacArthur Foundation genius grant.
Current status: Richard Stallman has just published his latest book, Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman, available through GNU Press.
Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson
Handles: dmr and Ken
Claim to fame: The driving creative force behind Bell Labs’ legendary computer science operating group, Ritchie and Thompson created UNIX in 1969. An elegant, open operating system for minicomputers, UNIX helped users with general computing, word processing and networking, and soon became a standard language.
Unusual tools: Plan 9, the next-generation operating system created as the natural descendant of UNIX by Thompson and Bell Labs colleague Rob Pike.
Little-known fact: Although Ritchie is the author of the popular C programming language, his favorite language is Alef. Thompson, an amateur pilot, once traveled to Moscow to fly a MiG-29.
Current status: Dennis Ritchie is currently the head of Lucent Technology’s System Software Research Department, while Ken Thompson has retired from both Bell Labs and the hacker spotlight.
John Draper
Handle: Cap’n Crunch
Claim to fame: Figured out how to make free phone calls using a plastic prize whistle he found in a cereal box. Cap’n Crunch introduced generations of hackers to the glorious concept of phone "phreaking."
First encountered a computer: As a teenager, trying to convince pay phones to return his coin and put through his calls.
Unusual tools: The toy whistle from boxes of Cap’n Crunch cereal. The whistle reproduced the 2600 hertz tone necessary to authorize a call. Used in conjunction with a bluebox, it allowed users to make free phone calls. (Oscar Meyer weiner whistles also briefly gained a following among phone phreakers.)
Little-known fact: Honorably discharged from the U.S. Air Force in 1968 after a stint in Vietnam.
Current status: John Draper has set up his own security firm. He also recently developed Crunchbox, a firewall system that halts the spread of computer viruses.
Mark Abene
Handle: Phiber Optik
Claim to fame: As a founding member of the Masters of Deception, Phiber Optik inspired thousands of teenagers around the country to "study" the internal workings of our nation’s phone system. A federal judge attempted to "send a message" to other hackers by sentencing Phiber to a year in federal prison, but the message got garbled: Hundreds of well-wishers attended a welcome-home party in Abene’s honor at an elite Manhattan Club. Soon after, New York magazine dubbed him one of the city’s 100 smartest people.
First encountered a computer: Hanging out in the electronics department of the A&S department store in Queens, N.Y., where his mother worked. There he was introduced to the Apple II, the Timex Sinclair and the Commodore 64. The first computer he owned was a Radio Shack TRS-80 (Trash-80).
Unusual tools: Experimented by dialing patterns on a phone receiver. Abene used the receiver so frequently that it had to be bandaged with black electrical tape to keep its guts from falling out.
Little-known fact: Phiber Optik’s favorite food: mashed potatoes from Kentucky Fried Chicken. Not real mashed potatoes. Real ones have lumps in them.
Current status: After doing time in a Pennsylvania prison, Mark Abene worked on penetration tests for an accounting firm, and formed the (now defunct) security company, Crossbar Security
Robert Morris
Handle: rtm
Claim to fame: The son of the chief scientist at the National Computer Security Center ― part of the National Security Agency (NSA) ― this Cornell University graduate student introduced the word "hacker" into the vernacular when he accidentally unleashed an Internet worm in 1988. Thousands of computers were infected and subsequently crashed.
First encountered a computer: At home. Morris’ father once brought home one of the original Enigma cryptographic machines from the NSA. It became a household conversation piece.
Unusual tools: As a teenager Morris had an account on the Bell Labs’ computer network, where early hacking forays gave him super-user status.
Little-known fact: When the Secret Service raided the home of Legion of Doom member Erik Bloodaxe in 1990, they found a copy of the source code for Morris’ Internet worm.
Current status: Robert Morris is now an assistant professor at MIT, even though he released his worm virus from there in 1988 (thus disguising the fact that it was actually written at Cornell University).
Kevin Mitnick
Handle: Condor
Claim to fame: The first hacker to have his face immortalized on an FBI "Most Wanted" poster. His status as a repeat offender ― a teenage hacker who couldn’t grow up ― earned Mitnick the nickname "The Lost Boy of Cyberspace."
First encountered a computer: As a teenager. Mitnick couldn’t afford a computer, so he hung out in a Radio Shack store. He used the store’s demo models and modem to dial other computers.
Unusual tools: During the three years he was on the lam, Mitnick used Internet Relay Chat (IRC) as a message drop and to communicate with his friends.
Little-known fact: Sentenced to a year in a residential treatment center, Mitnick enrolled in a 12-step program to rid himself of what a judge agreed was his "computer addiction."
Current status: Kevin Mitnick played himself in 2001’s hacker documentary Freedom Downtime. He also appeared on ABC’s Alias as a CIA computer whiz; to play the role, Mitnick was only allowed to use prop computers.
Kevin Poulsen
Handle: Dark Dante
Claim to fame: In 1990 Poulsen took over all
