* SQL Group Functions (num can be a column or expression)
*
(null values are ignored, default between distinct and all is all)
*
*******************************************************************************
AVG([distinct or all] num)
-- average value
COUNT(distinct or all] num)
-- number of values
MAX([distinct or all] num)
-- maximum value
MAX([distinct or all] num)
-- minimum value
STDDEV([distinct or all] num)
-- standard deviation
SUM([distinct or all] num)
-- sum of values
VARIANCE([distinct or all] num) -- variance of values
*******************************************************************************
* Miscellaneaous Functions :
*
*******************************************************************************
DECODE(expr, srch1, return1 [,srch2, return2...], default]
-- if no search matches the expression then the default is returned,
-- otherwise, the first search that matches will cause
-- the corresponding return value to be returned
DUMP(column_name [,fmt [,start_pos [, length]]])
-- returns an internal oracle format, used for getting info about a column
-- format options : 8 = octal, 10 = decimel, 16 = hex, 17 = characters
-- return type codes : 1 = varchar2, 2 = number, 8 = long, 12 = date,
--
23 = raw, 24 = long raw, 69 = rowid, 96 = char, 106 = mlslabel
GREATEST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]
-- returns the largest value of all expressions
LEAST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]
-- returns the smallest value of all expressions
NVL(expr1 ,expr2
-- if expr1 is not null, it is returned, otherwise expr2 is returned
SQLCODE
-- returns sql error code of last error.
Can not be used directly in query,
-- value must be set to local variable first
SQLERRM
-- returns sql error message of last error.
Can not be used directly in query,
-- value must be set to local variable first
UID
-- returns the user id of the user you are logged on as
-- useful in selecting information from low level sys tables
USER
-- returns the user name of the user you are logged on as
USERENV('option')
-- returns information about the user you are logged on as
-- options : ENTRYID, SESSIONID, TERMINAL, LANGUAGE, LABEL, OSDBA
--
(all options not available in all Oracle versions)
VSIZE(expr)
-- returns the number of bytes used by the expression
-- useful in selecting information about table space requirements
*******************************************************************************
* SQL Date Functions (dt represents oracle date and time)
*
* (functions return an oracle date unless otherwise specified)
*
*******************************************************************************
ADD_MONTHS(dt, num)
-- adds num months to dt (num can be negative)
LAST_DAY(dt)
-- last day of month in month containing dt
MONTHS_BETWEEN(dt1, dt2) -- returns fractional value of months between dt1, dt2
NEW_TIME(dt, tz1, tz2)
-- dt = date in time zone 1, returns date in time zone 2
NEXT_DAY(dt, str)
-- date of first (str) after dt (str = 'Monday', etc..)
SYSDATE
-- present system date
ROUND(dt [,fmt]
-- rounds dt as specified by format fmt
TRUNC(dt [,fmt]
-- truncates dt as specified by format fmt
*******************************************************************************
* Number Functions :
*
*******************************************************************************
ABS(num)
-- absolute value of num
CEIL(num)
-- smallest integer or = num
COS(num)
-- cosine(num), num in radians
COSH(num)
-- hyperbolic cosine(num)
EXP(num)
-- e raised to the num power
FLOOR(num)
-- largest integer < or = num
LN(num)
-- natural logarithm of num
LOG(num2, num1)
-- logarithm base num2 of num1
MOD(num2, num1)
-- remainder of num2 / num1
POWER(num2, num1)
-- num2 raised to the num1 power
ROUND(num1 [,num2]
-- num1 rounded to num2 decimel places (default 0)
SIGN(num)
-- sign of num * 1, 0 if num = 0
SIN(num)
-- sin(num), num in radians
SINH(num)
-- hyperbolic sine(num)
SQRT(num)
-- square root of num
TAN(num)
-- tangent(num), num in radians
TANH(num)
-- hyperbolic tangent(num)
TRUNC(num1 [,num2]
-- truncate num1 to num2 decimel places (default 0)
*******************************************************************************
* String Functions, String Result :
*
*******************************************************************************
(num)
-- ASCII character for num
CHR(num)
-- ASCII character for num
CONCAT(str1, str2)
-- str1 concatenated with str2 (same as str1||str2)
INITCAP(str)
-- capitalize first letter of each word in str
LOWER(str)
-- str with all letters in lowercase
LPAD(str1, num [,str2]) -- left pad str1 to length num with str2 (default spaces)
LTRIM(str [,set])
-- remove set from left side of str (default spaces)
NLS_INITCAP(str [,nls_val]) -- same as initcap for different languages
NLS_LOWER(str [,nls_val])
-- same as lower for different languages
REPLACE(str1, str2 [,str3]) -- replaces str2 with str3 in str1
-- deletes str2 from str1 if str3 is omitted
RPAD(str1, num [,str2])
-- right pad str1 to length num with str2 (default spaces)
RTRIM(str [,set])
-- remove set from right side of str (default spaces)
SOUNDEX(str)
-- phonetic representation of str
SUBSTR(str, num2 [,num1])
-- substring of str, starting with num2,
-- num1 characters (to end of str if num1 is omitted)
SUBSTRB(str, num2 [,num1])
-- same as substr but num1, num2 expressed in bytes
TRANSLATE(str, set1, set2)
-- replaces set1 in str with set2
-- if set2 is longer than set1, it will be truncated
UPPER(str)
-- str with all letters in uppercase
*******************************************************************************
* String Functions, Numeric Result :
*
*******************************************************************************
ASCII(str)
-- ASCII value of str
INSTR(str1, str2 [,num1 [,num2]]) -- position of num2th occurrence of
-- str2 in str1, starting at num1
-- (num1, num2 default to 1)
INSTRB(str1, str2 [,num1 [num2]]) -- same as instr, byte values for num1, num2
LENGTH(str)
-- number of characters in str
LENGTHB(str)
-- number of bytes in str
NLSSORT(str [,nls_val])
