很多时候我们在进行进一步研究时需要转储(dump)Oracle的数据块,以研究其内容,Oracle提供了很好的方式,我们通过以下例子简单说明一下:
[oracle@jumper udump]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Aug 31 17:01:27 2004
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.
All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL select rowid,deptno,dname,loc from scott.dept;
ROWID
DEPTNO DNAME
LOC
------------------ ---------- -------------- -------------
AAADZ7AABAAAGK6AAA
10 ACCOUNTING
NEW YORK
AAADZ7AABAAAGK6AAB
20 RESEARCH
DALLAS
AAADZ7AABAAAGK6AAC
30 SALES
CHICAGO
AAADZ7AABAAAGK6AAD
40 OPERATIONS
BOSTON
SQL select file_id,block_id,blocks from dba_extents where segment_name='DEPT';
FILE_ID
BLOCK_ID
BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ----------
1
25273
8
SQL alter system dump datafile 1 block min 25273 block max 25274;
System altered.
SQL !
[oracle@jumper udump]$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-r-----
1 oracle
dba
3142 Aug 31 17:04 hsjf_ora_13674.trc
[oracle@jumper udump]$ more hsjf_ora_13674.trc
/opt/oracle/admin/hsjf/udump/hsjf_ora_13674.trc
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0
System name:
Linux
Node name:
jumper.hurray.com.cn
Release:
2.4.18-14
Version:
#1 Wed Sep 4 13:35:50 EDT 2002
Machine:
i686
Instance name: hsjf
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 9
Unix process pid: 13674, image: oracle@jumper.hurray.com.cn (TNS V1-V3)
*** 2004-08-31 17:04:27.820
*** SESSION ID:(8.3523) 2004-08-31 17:04:27.819
Start dump data blocks tsn: 0 file#: 1 minblk 25273 maxblk 25274
buffer tsn: 0 rdba: 0x004062b9 (1/25273)
scn: 0x0000.0057c70d seq: 0x01 flg: 0x04 tail: 0xc70d1001
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x12e3 type: 0x10=DATA SEGMENT HEADER - UNLIMITED
Extent Control Header
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Extent Header:: spare1: 0
spare2: 0
#extents: 1
#blocks: 7
last map
0x00000000
#maps: 0
offset: 4128
Highwater::
0x004062bb
ext#: 0
blk#: 1
ext size: 7
#blocks in seg. hdr's freelists: 1
#blocks below: 1
mapblk
0x00000000
offset: 0
Unlocked
Map Header:: next
0x00000000
#extents: 1
obj#: 13947
flag: 0x40000000
Extent Map
-----------------------------------------------------------------
0x004062ba
length: 7
nfl = 1, nfb = 1 typ = 1 nxf = 0 ccnt = 1
SEG LST:: flg: USED
lhd: 0x004062ba ltl: 0x004062ba
buffer tsn: 0 rdba: 0x004062ba (1/25274)
scn: 0x0000.0131909b seq: 0x07 flg: 0x04 tail: 0x909b0607
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0xa8e7 type: 0x06=trans data
Block header dump:
0x004062ba
Object id on Block? Y
seg/obj: 0x367b
csc: 0x00.131909a
itc: 2
flg: O
typ: 1 - DATA
fsl: 0
fnx: 0x0 ver: 0x01
Itl
Xid
Uba
Flag
Lck
Scn/Fsc
0x01
0x0001.02a.000003f3
0x0080000b.0188.08
C---
0
scn 0x0000.0057c70e
0x02
0x0000.000.00000000
0x00000000.0000.00
----
0
fsc 0x0000.00000000
data_block_dump,data header at 0xadb505c
===============
tsiz: 0x1fa0
hsiz: 0x1a
pbl: 0x0adb505c
bdba: 0x004062ba
76543210
flag=--------
ntab=1
nrow=4
frre=-1
fsbo=0x1a
fseo=0x1f44
avsp=0x1f2a
tosp=0x1f2a
0xe:pti[0]
nrow=4
offs=0
0x12:pri[0]
offs=0x1f86
0x14:pri[1]
offs=0x1f70
0x16:pri[2]
offs=0x1f5c
0x18:pri[3]
offs=0x1f44
block_row_dump:
tab 0, row 0, @0x1f86
tl: 26 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0
cc: 3
col
0: [ 2]
c1 0b
col
1: [10]
41 43 43 4f 55 4e 54 49 4e 47
col
2: [ 8]
4e 45 57 20 59 4f 52 4b
tab 0, row 1, @0x1f70
tl: 22 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0
cc: 3
col
0: [ 2]
c1 15
col
1: [ 8]
52 45 53 45 41 52 43 48
col
2: [ 6]
44 41 4c 4c 41 53
tab 0, row 2, @0x1f5c
tl: 20 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0
cc: 3
col
0: [ 2]
c1 1f
col
1: [ 5]
53 41 4c 45 53
col
2: [ 7]
43 48 49 43 41 47 4f
tab 0, row 3, @0x1f44
tl: 24 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0
cc: 3
col
0: [ 2]
c1 29
col
1: [10]
4f 50 45 52 41 54 49 4f 4e 53
col
2: [ 6]
42 4f 53 54 4f 4e
end_of_block_dump
End dump data blocks tsn: 0 file#: 1 minblk 25273 maxblk 25274
很多人经常提出的一个问题是,rdba是如何转换的?
rdba: 0x004062ba (1/25274)
我们通过这个例子介绍一下.
rdba从Oracle6-Oracle7-Oracle8发生了三次改变:
在Oracle6中,rdba由6位2进制数表示,也就是说数据块最多只能有2^6=64个数据文件(去掉全0和全1, 实际上最多只能代表62个文件)
在Oracle7中,rdba中的文件号增加为10位,为了向后兼容,从Block号的高位拿出4位作为文件号的高位.这样从6-7的Rowid无需发生变化.
在Oracle8中,文件号仍然用10位表示,只是不再需要置换,为了向后兼容,同时引入了相对文件号(rfile#),所以从Oracle7到Oracle8,Rowid仍然无需发生变化.
举例说明如下:
在Oracle6中:
比如: file 8, block 56892
26位block号==56892
vv
vvvvvvvv
vvvvvvvv
vvvvvvvv
00100000
00000000
11011110
00111100
^^^^^^
6位文件号==8
在Oracle7中:
比如:File 255, block 56892
11111100 11000000
11011110
00111100
F
C
C
0
D
E
3
C
\_____/\___/\_______________________/
|
|
|
|
|Block = 0xDE3C = 56892
\_____________
|
V
V
0011
111111 = 0xFF = 255 --注意这里高位和低位要置换才能得出正确的file#
在Oracle8中:
比如:File 255, block 56892
11111100 11000000
11011110
00111100
F
C
C
0
D
E
3
C
\_____/\___/\_______________________/
|
|
|
|
|Block = 0xDE3C = 56892
\_____________
|
V
V
0011 1111 0011 = 03F3 = 1011 --这就是相对文件号
对于我们测试中的例子:
rdba: 0x004062ba (1/25274)
也就是:0000 0000 0100 0000 0110 0010 1011 1010
前10位为rfile#: 0000 0000 01 = 1
后22位为Block#:00 0000 0110 0010 1011 1010 = 25274
