六. SPFILE的备份与恢复
在本文开篇我们提到，Oracle把Spfile也纳入到Rman的备份恢复策略当中，如果你配置了控制文件自动备份(autoback)，那么Oracle会在数据库发生重大变化(如增减表空间)时自动进行控制文件及Spfile文件的备份。
下面我们来看一下这个过程:
a. 设置控制文件自动备份:
[oracle@jumper oracle]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311)
RMAN CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN exit
这个设置可以在数据库中通过如下方式查询得到:
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Jan 17 01:08:05 2004
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL select * from v$rman_configuration;
CONF# NAME VALUE
---------- ------------------------- ----------
1 CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON
b. 记录数据库变化
SQL create tablespace eygle
2 datafile '/data1/oracle/oradata/eygle01.dbf'
3 size 5M;
Tablespace created.
如果新创建一个表空间，这时候检查alert<sid.log文件，你可以在其中发现这样的备份信息:
Sat Jan 17 00:55:57 2004Starting control autobackupControl autobackup written to DISK devicehandle '/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/c-1052178311-20040117-00'Completed: create tablespace eygledatafile '/data1/oracle/oradata/eygle01.dbf’
如果使用rman进行备份，在提示中你可以看到如下信息:
RMAN configure controlfile autobackup on;
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN run
2 {
3 allocate channel ch1 type disk format='e:\oracle\orabak\penny%t.arc';
4 backup archivelog all delete all input;
5 release channel ch1;
6 }
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: sid=13 devtype=DISK
Starting backup at 02-DEC-03
current log archived
channel ch1: starting archive log backupset
channel ch1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=63 recid=168 stamp=511712617
input archive log thread=1 sequence=64 recid=169 stamp=511712620
input archive log thread=1 sequence=65 recid=170 stamp=511712626
input archive log thread=1 sequence=66 recid=171 stamp=511712690
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 02-DEC-03
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 02-DEC-03
piece handle=E:\ORACLE\ORABAK\PENNY511712693.ARC comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ch1: deleting archive log(s)
archive log filename=E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\PENNY\ARCHIVE\1_63.DBF recid=168 stamp=511712617
archive log filename=E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\PENNY\ARCHIVE\1_64.DBF recid=169 stamp=511712620
archive log filename=E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\PENNY\ARCHIVE\1_65.DBF recid=170 stamp=511712626
archive log filename=E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\PENNY\ARCHIVE\1_66.DBF recid=171 stamp=511712690
Finished backup at 02-DEC-03
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-DEC-03
piece handle=E:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\C-3627775766-20031202-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-DEC-03
released channel: ch1
我们简单看一下自动备份的控制文件及spfile文件的格式及命名规则:
c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ
c ------------------------控制文件
IIIIIIIIII---------DBID
YYYYMMDD------------时间戳
QQ----------------------序号00-FF，16进制表示
c. 使用自动备份恢复spfile文件
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311)
RMAN restore spfile to '/tmp/spfileeygle.ora' from autobackup;
Starting restore at 17-JAN-04
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=18 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20040117
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-1052178311-20040117-01
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete
Finished restore at 17-JAN-04
RMAN exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ ls -l /tmp/spfileeygle.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 3584 1月 17 09:34 /tmp/spfileeygle.ora
你同样可以通过这种方法恢复控制文件，示例如下:
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311)
RMAN restore controlfile to '/tmp/control01.ctl' from autobackup;
Starting restore at 17-JAN-04
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=10 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20040117
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-1052178311-20040117-02
channel ORA_DISK_1: controlfile restore from autobackup complete
Finished restore at 17-JAN-04
RMAN exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ ls -l /tmp/control*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1892352 1月 17 09:44 /tmp/control01.ctl
Oracle9i自动备份控制文件的功能给我们带来了极大的收益,通过自动备份,在数据库出现紧急状况的时候,你可能可以从这个自动备份中获得更为有效及时的控制文件.
缺省的,这个自动备份功能是关闭的,你可以用我们上面提到的方法打开该功能.
七. 设置Events事件
Events事件是Oracle的重要诊断工具及问题解决办法，很多时候需要通过Events设置来屏蔽或者更改Oracle的行为，下面我们来看一下怎样修改spfile，增加Events事件设置：
SQL alter system set event='10841 trace name context forever' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL startup force;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 101782380 bytes
Fixed Size 451436 bytes
Variable Size 75497472 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL show parameter event
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
event string 10841 trace name context forever
顺便提一句，10841事件是用于解决Oracle9i中JDBC Thin Driver问题的一个方法，如果你的alert.log文件中出现以下错误提示:
Wed Jan 7 17:17:08 2004
Errors in file /opt/oracle/admin/phsdb/udump/phsdb_ora_1775.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, argument
