This example shows how you might set up a (possibly large) internet facing
FTP site.
The emphasis will be on security and performance.
We will see how by integrating vsftpd with xinetd, we get a powerful
combination.
Step 1) Set up your xinetd configuration file.
An example xinetd configuration file "vsftpd.xinetd" is supplied.
To install it:
cp vsftpd.xinetd /etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd
Let's look at the important content in this file and see what it does:
disable = no
socket_type = stream
wait = no
This says that the service is active, and it is using standard TCP sockets.
user = root
server = /usr/local/sbin/vsftpd
The server program /usr/local/sbin/vsftpd is used to handle incoming FTP
requests, and the program is started as root (vsftpd will of course quickly
drop as much privilege as possible). NOTE! Make sure that you have the vsftpd
binary installed in /usr/local/sbin (or change the file path in the xinetd
file).
per_source = 5
instances = 200
For security, the maximum allowed connections from a single IP address is 5.
The total maximum concurrent connections is 200.
no_access = 192.168.1.3
As an example of how to ban certain sites from connecting, 192.168.1.3 will
be denied access.
banner_fail = /etc/vsftpd.busy_banner
This is the file to display to users if the connection is refused for whatever
reason (too many users, IP banned).
Example of how to populate it:
echo "421 Server busy, please try later." /etc/vsftpd.busy_banner
log_on_success += PID HOST DURATION
log_on_failure += HOST
This will log the IP address of all connection attempts - successful or not,
along with the time. If an FTP server is launched for the connection, it's
process ID and usage duration will be logged too. If you are using RedHat
like me, this log information will appear in /var/log/secure.
Step 2) Set up your vsftpd configuration file.
An example file is supplied. Install it like this:
cp vsftpd.conf /etc
Let's example the contents of the file:
# Access rights
anonymous_enable=YES
local_enable=NO
write_enable=NO
anon_upload_enable=NO
anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO
anon_other_write_enable=NO
This makes sure the FTP server is in anonymous-only mode and that all write
and upload permissions are disabled. Note that most of these settings are
the same as the default values anyway - but where security is concerned, it
is good to be clear.
# Security
anon_world_readable_only=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
hide_ids=YES
pasv_min_port=50000
pasv_max_port=60000
These settings, in order
- Make sure only world-readable files and directories are served.
- Originates FTP port connections from a secure port - so users on the FTP
server cannot try and fake file content.
- Hide the FTP server user IDs and just display "ftp" in directory listings.
This is also a performance boost.
- Set a 50000-60000 port range for passive connections - may enable easier
firewall setup!
# Features
xferlog_enable=YES
ls_recurse_enable=NO
ascii_download_enable=NO
async_abor_enable=YES
In order,
- Enables recording of transfer stats to /var/log/vsftpd.log
- Disables "ls -R", to prevent it being used as a DoS attack. Note - sites
wanting to be copied via the "mirror" program might need to enable this.
- Disables downloading in ASCII mode, to prevent it being used as a DoS
attack (ASCII downloads are CPU heavy).
- Enables older FTP clients to cancel in-progress transfers.
# Performance
one_process_model=YES
idle_session_timeout=120
data_connection_timeout=300
accept_timeout=60
connect_timeout=60
anon_max_rate=50000
In order,
- Activates a faster "one process per connection" model. Note! To maintain
security, this feature is only available on systems with capabilities - e.g.
Linux kernel 2.4.
- Boots off idle users after 2 minutes.
- Boots off idle downloads after 5 minutes.
- Boots off hung passive connects after 1 minute.
- Boots off hung active connects after 1 minute.
- Limits a single client to ~50kbytes / sec download speed.
Step 3) Restart xinetd.
(on RedHat)
/etc/rc.d/init.d/xinetd restart
If you run into problems, check:
1) Your /etc/xinetd.d directory only has one FTP service.
vsftpd.conf
# Access rights
anonymous_enable=YES
local_enable=NO
write_enable=NO
anon_upload_enable=NO
anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO
anon_other_write_enable=NO
# Security
anon_world_readable_only=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
hide_ids=YES
pasv_min_port=50000
pasv_max_port=60000
# Features
xferlog_enable=YES
ls_recurse_enable=NO
ascii_download_enable=NO
async_abor_enable=YES
# Performance
one_process_model=YES
idle_session_timeout=120
data_connection_timeout=300
accept_timeout=60
connect_timeout=60
anon_max_rate=50000
vsftpd.xinetd
# vsftpd is the secure FTP server.
service ftp
{
disable = no
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/local/sbin/vsftpd
per_source = 5
instances = 200
no_access = 192.168.1.3
banner_fail = /etc/vsftpd.busy_banner
log_on_success += PID HOST DURATION
log_on_failure += HOST
}
