oracle使用杂记二 - 王朝网络

下面的是关于sql*loader 的使用的一点总结有些是来自itpub上的一些网友的总结

大部分是oracle专家高级编程上的实例只是我实践以后写的结果

sqlldr userid=lgone/tiger control=a.ctl

LOAD DATA

INFILE 't.dat'

// 要导入的文件

// INFILE 'tt.dat'

// 导入多个文件

// INFILE *

// 要导入的内容就在control文件里下面的BEGINDATA后面就是导入的内容

INTO TABLE table_name

// 指定装入的表

// into table t_name partition (p_1)

分区的载入

BADFILE 'c:\bad.txt'

// 指定坏文件地址

*************

以下是4种装入表的方式

APPEND

// 原先的表有数据就加在后面

// INSERT

// 装载空表如果原先的表有数据 sqlloader会停止

默认值

// REPLACE

// 原先的表有数据原先的数据会全部删除

// TRUNCATE

// 指定的内容和replace的相同会用truncate语句删除现存数据

SKIP 5

可以用 "SKIP n" 关键字来指定导入时可以跳过多少行数据

*************

指定的TERMINATED可以在表的开头也可在表的内部字段部分

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'

// 装载这种数据: 10,lg,"""lg""","lg,lg"

// 在表中结果: 10

"lg"

lg,lg

// TERMINATED BY X '09'

// 以十六进制格式 '09' 表示的

// TERMINATED BY WRITESPACE

// 装载这种数据: 10 lg lg

TRAILING NULLCOLS

*************

表的字段没有对应的值时允许为空

*************

下面是表的字段

(

col_1 , col_2 ,col_filler FILLER // FILLER 关键字此列的数值不会被装载

// 如: lg,lg,not

结果 lg

)

// 当没声明FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 时

// (

col_1 [interger external] TERMINATED BY ',' ,

col_2 [date "dd-mon-yyy"] TERMINATED BY ',' ,

col_3 [char]

TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY 'lg'

// )

// 当没声明FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','用位置告诉字段装载数据

// (

col_1 position(1:2),

col_2 position(3:10),

col_3 position(*:16),

// 这个字段的开始位置在前一字段的结束位置

col_4 position(1:16),

col_5 position(3:10) char(8)

// 指定字段的类型

// )

BEGINDATA

// 对应开始的 INFILE *

要导入的内容就在control文件里

10,Sql,what

20,lg,show

=====================================================================================

////////////

注意begindata后的数值前面不能有空格

***** 普通装载

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'

(DEPTNO,

DNAME,

LOC

)

BEGINDATA

10,Sales,"""USA"""

20,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"

30,Consulting,Virginia

40,Finance,Virginia

50,"Finance","",Virginia

// loc 列将为空

60,"Finance",,Virginia

// loc 列将为空

***** FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE 和

FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09' 的情况

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE

-- FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09'

(DEPTNO,

DNAME,

LOC

)

BEGINDATA

Sales

Virginia

***** 指定不装载那一列

还可用 POSTION(x:y) 来分隔数据

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'

( DEPTNO,

FILLER_1 FILLER,

// 下面的 "Something Not To Be Loaded" 将不会被装载

DNAME,

LOC

)

BEGINDATA

20,Something Not To Be Loaded,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"

*****

position的列子

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

( DEPTNO

position(1:2),

DNAME

position(*:16),

// 这个字段的开始位置在前一字段的结束位置

LOC

position(*:29),

ENTIRE_LINE position(1:29)

)

BEGINDATA

10Accounting

Virginia,USA

*****

使用函数

日期的一种表达

TRAILING NULLCOLS的使用

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

TRAILING NULLCOLS

其实下面的ENTIRE_LINE在BEGINDATA后面的数据中是没有直接对应

的列的值的如果第一行改为 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000,, 就不用TRAILING NULLCOLS了

(DEPTNO,

DNAME

"upper(:dname)",

// 使用函数

LOC

"upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy',

// 日期的一种表达方式还有'dd-mon-yyyy' 等

ENTIRE_LINE

":deptno||:dname||:loc||:last_updated"

)

BEGINDATA

10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000

20,Accounting,Virginia,21/6/1999

30,Consulting,Virginia,5/1/2000

40,Finance,Virginia,15/3/2001

*****

使用自定义的函数

// 解决的时间问题

使用函数这仅适合于常规导入，并不适合 direct导入方式 9i可能可以

create or replace

function my_to_date( p_string in varchar2 ) return date

type fmtArray is table of varchar2(25);

l_fmts

fmtArray := fmtArray( 'dd-mon-yyyy', 'dd-month-yyyy',

'dd/mm/yyyy',

'dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss' );

l_return date;

begin

for i in 1 .. l_fmts.count

loop

begin

l_return := to_date( p_string, l_fmts(i) );

exception

when others then null;

end;

EXIT when l_return is not null;

end loop;

if ( l_return is null )

then

l_return :=

new_time( to_date('01011970','ddmmyyyy') + 1/24/60/60 *

p_string, 'GMT', 'EST' );

end if;

return l_return;

end;

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(DEPTNO,

DNAME

"upper(:dname)",

LOC

"upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )"

// 使用自定义的函数

)

BEGINDATA

10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001

20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001

30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02

40,Finance,Virginia,987268297

50,Finance,Virginia,02-apr-2001

60,Finance,Virginia,Not a date

*****

合并多行记录为一行记录

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

concatenate 3

// 通过关键字concatenate 把几行的记录看成一行记录

INTO TABLE DEPT

replace

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

(DEPTNO,

DNAME

"upper(:dname)",

LOC

"upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy'

)

BEGINDATA

10,Sales,

// 其实这3行看成一行

10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000

Virginia,

1/5/2000

// 这列子用 continueif list="," 也可以

告诉sqlldr在每行的末尾找逗号找到逗号就把下一行附加到上一行

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

continueif this(1:1) = '-'

// 找每行的开始是否有连接字符 -

有就把下一行连接为一行

// 如

-10,Sales,Virginia,

1/5/2000

就是一行

10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000

// 其中1:1 表示从第一行开始并在第一行结束

还有continueif next 但continueif list最理想

INTO TABLE DEPT

replace

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

(DEPTNO,

DNAME

"upper(:dname)",

LOC

"upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy'

)

BEGINDATA

// 但是好象不能象右面的那样使用

-10,Sales,Virginia,

1/5/2000

-40,

40,Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001

Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001

================================ 用别的语言帮助解决的方法

txt文件中的每2行作为一个记录插入到数据库中的一条记录,文件是定长的

插入数据记录是

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

-------------

可以把换行符作为一个分隔符来处理

-------------

1、到www.activeperl.com去下载一个activeperl5.6 MSI

2、安装 PERL

3、你的文本文件示例：test.old

1 2 3 4 5

6 7

a b c d e

f g

4、我的PERL程序：test.pl

$mycount=2;

open(FILE_OLD","TEST.OLD");

open(FILE_NEW","TEST.NEW");

while(<FILE_OLD)

{

chomp;

if ($mycount%2 == 0)

{print FILE_NEW $_." ";}

else

{print FILE_NEW $_."\n";}

$mycount++;

}

5、在命令窗口下执行 perl test.pl

6、得到一个新的文本文件：test.new,内容如下：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

a b c d e f g

---------------

load data

infile 'test.txt'

concatenate(2)

into table aa

fields terminated by whitespace

(FIELD1,FIELD2,FIELD3,FIELD4,FIELD5,FIELD6,FIELD7)

==============================================================

*****

载入每行的行号

load data

infile *

into table t

replace

( seqno

RECNUM

//载入每行的行号

text Position(1:1024))

BEGINDATA

fsdfasj

//自动分配一行号给载入表t 的seqno字段

此行为 1

fasdjfasdfl

此行为 2

...

*****

载入有换行符的数据

注意:

unix 和 windows 不同

\\n

还可以用 dbms_lob

和 bfile 看一个文件的回车换行等其他特殊字符

< 1

使用一个非换行符的字符

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(DEPTNO,

DNAME

"upper(:dname)",

LOC

"upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",

COMMENTS

"replace(:comments,'\n',chr(10))"

replace 的使用帮助转换换行符

)

BEGINDATA

10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales\nOffice in Virginia

20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting\nOffice in Virginia

30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting\nOffice in Virginia

40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance\nOffice in Virginia

< 2

使用fix属性

LOAD DATA

INFILE demo17.dat "fix 101"

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(DEPTNO,

DNAME

"upper(:dname)",

LOC

"upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",

COMMENTS

)

demo17.dat

10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales

Office in Virginia

20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting

Office in Virginia

30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting

Office in Virginia

40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance

Office in Virginia

这样装载会把换行符装入数据库

下面的方法就不会但要求数据的格式不同

LOAD DATA

INFILE demo18.dat "fix 101"

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(DEPTNO,

DNAME

"upper(:dname)",

LOC

"upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",

COMMENTS

)

demo18.dat

10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,"This is the Sales

Office in Virginia"

20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,"This is the Accounting

Office in Virginia"

30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,"This is the Consulting

Office in Virginia"

40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,"This is the Finance

Office in Virginia"

< 3

使用var属性

LOAD DATA

INFILE demo19.dat "var 3"

// 3 告诉每个记录的前3个字节表示记录的长度如第一个记录的 071 表示此记录有 71 个字节

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(DEPTNO,

DNAME

"upper(:dname)",

LOC

"upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",

COMMENTS

)

demo19.dat

07110,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales

Office in Virginia

07820,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting

Office in Virginia

08730,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting

Office in Virginia

07140,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance

Office in Virginia

< 4

使用str属性

// 最灵活的一中可定义一个新的行结尾符

win 回车换行 : chr(13)||chr(10)

此列中记录是以 a|\r\n 结束的

select utl_raw.cast_to_raw('|'||chr(13)||chr(10)) from dual;

结果

7C0D0A

LOAD DATA

INFILE demo20.dat "str X'7C0D0A'"

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(DEPTNO,

DNAME

"upper(:dname)",

LOC

"upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",

COMMENTS

)

demo20.dat

10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales

Office in Virginia|

20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting

Office in Virginia|

30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting

Office in Virginia|

40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance

Office in Virginia|

*****

将数据导入多个表

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

REPLACE

INTO TABLE emp WHEN empno != ' '

(

empno POSITION(1:4) INTEGER EXTERNAL,

ename POSITION(6:15) CHAR,

deptno POSITION(17:18) CHAR,

mgr POSITION(20:23) INTEGER EXTERNAL

)

INTO TABLE proj

WHEN projno != ' '

(

projno POSITION(25:27) INTEGER EXTERNAL,

empno POSITION(1:4) INTEGER EXTERNAL

)

*****

转载 RAW 数据或转载长字段

options(bindsize=1075700,rows=1)

load data

infile my.data "fix 53760"

// 53760 * 20=1075700

1075700是小于64K 的最大因子

concatenate 20

preserve blanks

into table foo

append

(id constant 1,bigdata raw(1075700))

*****

转载 LOB 数据

用 dbms_lob

dbms_lob 转载的数据要在服务器上通过网络的不行

drop table demo;

create or replace directory dir1

as 'c:\temp\';

create or replace directory "dir2" as 'c:\temp\';

create table demo

( id

int primary key,

theClob

clob

)

host echo 'Hello World\!' c:\temp\test.txt

declare

l_clob

clob;

l_bfile

bfile;

begin

insert into demo values ( 1, empty_clob() )

returning theclob into l_clob;

l_bfile := bfilename( 'DIR1', 'test.txt' );

-- DIR1 要大写

dbms_lob.fileopen( l_bfile );

dbms_lob.loadfromfile( l_clob, l_bfile,

dbms_lob.getlength( l_bfile ) );

dbms_lob.fileclose( l_bfile );

end;

select dbms_lob.getlength(theClob), theClob from demo

----------------------------------

用 sqlldr

在同一行的LOB

lob数据在同一个数据文件中

LOAD DATA

INFILE demo21.dat "str X'7C0D0A'"

INTO TABLE DEPT

REPLACE

FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'

TRAILING NULLCOLS

(DEPTNO,

DNAME

"upper(:dname)",

LOC

"upper(:loc)",

LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",

COMMENTS

char(1000000)

)

10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales

Office in Virginia|

20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting

Office in Virginia|

30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting

Office in Virginia|

40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,"This is the Finance

Office in Virginia, it has embedded commas and is

much longer then the other comments field.

If you

feel the need to add double quoted text in here like

this: ""You will need to double up those quotes!"" to

preserve them in the string.

This field keeps going for upto

1,000,000 bytes or until we hit the magic end of record marker,

the | followed by a end of line -- it is right here -"|

------------------------------------------------------

用 sqlldr

不在同一行的LOB

就是lob数据在单独的文件中

create table lob_demo

( owner

varchar2(255),

timestamp date,

filename

varchar2(255),

text

clob

)

LOAD DATA

///////////

window 的

INFILE *

REPLACE

INTO TABLE LOB_DEMO

( owner

position(40:61),

timestamp

position(1:18) "to_date(:timestamp||'m','mm/dd/yyyy

hh:miam')",

filename

position(63:80),

-- 下面的LOB的filename是从这里来的

text LOBFILE(filename) TERMINATED BY EOF

)

BEGINDATA

04/14/2001

12:36p

1,697 BUILTIN\Administrators demo10.log

// 这是 windows 下面的情况上面的数据是用 dir /q/n 看见的情况

*******

///// unix 下的情况

用 ls -l 得到上面数据的情况

控制文件就改下时间的格式

------------------------------

lob 到对象列

create table image_load( id number, name varchar2(255),

image ordsys.ordimage )

desc ordsys.ordimage

desc ordsys.ordsource

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE T

replace

fields terminated by ","

(

id,

name,

fiel_name filler,

image column object

(

source column object

(

localdatalobfile(file_name) terminated by bof

nullif file_name='NONE'

)

begindata

1,icons,icons.gif

*****

转载varrays /嵌套表

create type myArrayType

as varray(10) of number(12,2)

create table t

( x int primary key, y myArrayType )

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE T

replace

fields terminated by ","

(

y_cnt

FILLER,

varray count (y_cnt)

(

)

BEGINDATA

1,2,3,4

2,10,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

3,5,5,4,3,2,1

------------------------------------

create or replace type myTableType

as table of number(12,2)

create table t

( x int primary key, y myTableType )

nested table y store as y_tab

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE T

replace

fields terminated by ","

(

nested table count (CONSTANT 5)

(

)

BEGINDATA

1,100,200,300,400,500

2,123,243,542,123,432

==============================================================================

象这样的数据用 nullif 子句

10-jan-200002350Flipper seemed unusually hungry today.

10510-jan-200009945Spread over three meals.

id position(1:3) nullif id=blanks

// 这里可以是blanks 或者别的表达式

下面是另一个列子第一行的 1 在数据库中将成为 null

LOAD DATA

INFILE *

INTO TABLE T

REPLACE

(n position(1:2) integer external nullif n='1',

v position(3:8)

)

BEGINDATA

20lg

------------------------------------------------------------

如果是英文的日志格式，可能需要修改环境变量 nls_lang or nls_date_format