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L.A.M.P环境配置文档--CentOS

王朝other·作者佚名 2008-05-21

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L.A.M.P 环境部署详细步骤

本文所用的操作系统为 CentOS 3.8，如果使用 Red Hat AS3/4 则不能使用 yum RPM 包管理命令！

推荐使用 CentOS 3.8 系统。

一、系统约定软件源代码包存放位置

/usr/local/src

源码包编译安装位置(prefix)

/usr/local/software_name

脚本以及维护程序存放位置

/usr/local/sbin

MySQL 数据库位置

/var/lib/mysql

Apache 网站根目录

/data/wwwroot

Apache 虚拟主机日志根目录

/data/logs/www

Apache 运行账户

www:www

yum RPM包信息文件

/etc/yum.list

二、系统环境部署及调整

1. 检查系统是否正常

# more /var/log/messages （检查有无系统内核级错误信息）

# dmesg （检查硬件设备是否有错误信息）

# ifconfig（检查网卡设置是否正确）

# ping www.163.com（检查网络是否正常）

2. 关闭不需要的服务

# ntsysv

以下仅列出需要启动的服务，未列出的服务一律关闭：

crond

irqbalance （仅当服务器CPU为S.M.P架构或支持双核心、HT技术时，才需开启，否则关闭。）

microcode_ctl

network

random

sendmail

sshd

syslog

3. 对TCP/IP网络参数进行调整，加强抗SYN Flood能力

# echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1' >> /etc/sysctl.conf

# sysctl -p

4. 配置yum

# rpm --import /usr/share/doc/centos-release-3/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-3

# yum list | tee /etc/yum.list

5. 修改命令history记录

# vi /etc/profile

找到 HISTSIZE=1000 改为 HISTSIZE=50

6. 定时校正服务器时间

# yum install ntp

# crontab -e

加入一行：

*/15 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44

## 210.72.145.44 为中国国家授时中心服务器地址。

7. 重新启动系统

# init 6

8. 使用 yum 程序安装所需开发包（以下为标准的 RPM 包名称）

gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel zlib-devel ncurses-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel pam-devel

9. 源码编译安装所需包(Source)

(1) GD2

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget http://download.discuz.net/env/gd-2.0.33.tar.gz

# tar xzvf gd-2.0.33.tar.gz

# cd gd-2.0.33

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2

# make

# make install

(2) LibXML2

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget http://download.discuz.net/env/libxml2-2.6.26.tar.bz2

# tar xjvf libxml2-2.6.26.tar.bz2

# cd libxml2-2.6.26

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2

# make

# make install

(3) Apache日志截断程序

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget http://download.discuz.net/env/cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz

# tar xzvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz

# cd cronolog-1.6.2

# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/cronolog

# make

# make install

10. 升级OpenSSL和OpenSSH

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget http://download.discuz.net/env/openssl-0.9.7j.tar.gz

# wget http://download.discuz.net/env/openssh-4.2p1.tar.gz

# tar xzvf openssl-0.9.7j.tar.gz

# cd openssl-0.9.7j

# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl

# make

# make test

# make install

# cd ..

# tar xzvf openssh-4.2p1.tar.gz

# cd openssh-4.2p1

# ./configure"--prefix=/usr" "--with-pam" "--with-zlib" "--with-ssl-dir=/usr/local/openssl" "--with-md5-passwords"

# make

# make install

禁止root直接登录，此处先建立一个普通系统用户：

# useradd username

# passwd username

# echo 'Protocol 2' >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

# echo 'Protocol 2' >> /usr/etc/sshd_config

# echo 'PermitRootLogin no' >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

# echo 'PermitRootLogin no' >> /usr/etc/sshd_config

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd restart

三、编译安装L.A.M.P环境

1. 下载软件

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget http://download.discuz.net/env/httpd-2.2.3.tar.bz2

# wget http://download.discuz.net/env/mysql-5.0.27.tar.gz

# wget http://download.discuz.net/env/php-5.2.0.tar.bz2

# wget http://download.discuz.net/env/Z ... glibc21-i386.tar.gz

2. 编译安装MySQL

# tar xzvf mysql-5.0.27.tar.gz

# cd mysql-5.0.27

# ./configure "--prefix=/usr/local/mysql" "--localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql" "--with-comment=Source" "--with-server-suffix=-Comsenz" "--with-mysqld-user=mysql" "--without-debug" "--with-big-tables" "--with-charset=" \ #这个后边需要指定你所需要的字符集参数(gbk,utf8......)

"--with-collation= " \ #字符集校正码(gbk_chinese_ci，......)

"--with-extra-charsets=all" "--with-pthread" "--enable-static" "--enable-thread-safe-client" "--with-client-ldflags=-all-static" "--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static" "--enable-assembler" "--without-isam" "--without-innodb" "--without-ndb-debug"

# make

# make install

# useradd mysql

# cd /usr/local/mysql

# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

# chown -R root:mysql .

# chown -R mysql /var/lib/mysql

# cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf

# cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# chkconfig --add mysqld

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start

# bin/mysql -u root password "password_for_root"

3. 编译安装Apache

# cd /usr/local/src

# tar xjvf httpd-2.2.3.tar.bz2

# cd httpd-2.2.3

# ./configure "--prefix=/usr/local/apache2" "--enable-module=so" "--enable-deflate=shared" "--enable-expires=shared" "--enable-rewrite=shared" "--enable-static-support" "--enable-static-htpasswd" "--enable-static-htdigest" "--enable-static-rotatelogs" "--enable-static-logresolve" "--enable-static-htdbm" "--enable-static-ab" "--enable-static-checkgid" "--disable-userdir"

# make

# make install

# echo '/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start ' >> /etc/rc.local

4. 编译安装PHP

# cd /usr/local/src

# tar xjvf php-5.2.0.tar.bz2

# cd php-5.2.0

# ./configure "--prefix=/usr/local/php" "--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs" "--with-config-file-path=/etc" "--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" "--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2" "--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2" "--enable-gd-native-ttf" "--with-jpeg-dir" "--with-png-dir" "--with-bz2" "--with-freetype-dir" "--with-iconv-dir" "--with-zlib-dir" "--enable-mbstring" "--disable-ipv6" \ # IPv6 离我们还好远，暂时不用它

"--disable-cgi" \ # 出于安全考虑，禁用 CGI 支持

"--disable-cli" # 出于安全考虑，禁止编译出 php Command Line Shell 命令

# make

# make install

# cp php.ini-dist /etc/php.ini

5. 安装Zend Optimizer

# cd /usr/local/src

# tar xzvf ZendOptimizer-3.2.0-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz

# ./ZendOptimizer-3.2.0-linux-glibc21-i386/install.sh

安装Zend Optimizer过程的最后不要选择重启Apache。

6. 整合Apache与PHP

# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf