1、算法说明
1) 加密解密
最简单的加密方法是:将每个字母加一序数,例如5,这时:
“A”→”F”,”a” →”f”,”B” →”G”,”b” →”g”……”Y” →”D”, ”y” →”d”,”Z” →”E”, ”z” →”e”
解密是加密的逆操作。
界面如下:
代码如下:
以下是引用片段:
Option Explicit
PRivate Sub Command1_Click()
Dim strInput$, Code$, Record$, c As String * 1
Dim i%, length%, iAsc%
strInput = Text1.Text
length = Len(Trim(strInput))
Code = ""
For i = 1 To length
c = mid(strInput, i, 1)
Select Case c
Case "A" To "Z"
iAsc = Asc(c) + 5
If iAsc > Asc("Z") Then iAsc = iAsc - 26
Code = Code & Chr(iAsc)
Case "a" To "z"
iAsc = Asc(c) + 5
If iAsc > Asc("z") Then iAsc = iAsc - 26
Code = Code & Chr(iAsc)
Case Else
Code = Code & c
End Select
Next i
Text2.Text = Code
End Sub
Private Sub Command3_Click()
Text1.Text = ""
Text2.Text = ""
Text3.Text = ""
Text1.SetFocus
End Sub
2) 统计
问题提出
统计字符或者数字出现的次数。
算法说明
以字符统计为例,设基本问题如下:
请统计一段文本中英文字母在文本中出现的次数。(不区分大小写)
如:I am a student.
得到:
A:2 d:1 e:1 I:1 m:1 n:1 s:1 t:2 u:1
分析:
由于不区分大小写,因此可定义一个大小为26(下标:0-25)的数组,每个元素依次记录A、B、C…Z字母出现的次数。
A(0)存放字母a出现的次数
A(1)存放字母b出现的次数
A(2)存放字母c出现的次数
A(3)存放字母d出现的次数
…
譬如:aabdc
代码如下:
以下是引用片段:
Option Explicit
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim i As Integer, j As Integer
Dim zimu(25) As Integer
Dim allStr As String
Dim aStr As String
allStr = UCase(Text1.Text)
For i = 1 To Len(Text1.Text)
aStr = Mid(allStr, i, 1)
If aStr >= "A" And aStr <= "Z" Then
zimu(Asc(aStr) - Asc("A")) = zimu(Asc(aStr) - Asc("A")) + 1
End If
Next i
For i = 0 To 25
If zimu(i) <> 0 Then
j = j + 1
Text2.Text = Text2.Text & Chr(i + Asc("A")) & ":" & str(zimu(i)) & " "
If j Mod 5 = 0 Then Text2.Text = Text2.Text & Chr(13) & Chr(10)
End If
Next i
End Sub
解题技巧
熟练运用字符处理函数,对于一些数论题,譬如逆序数等也可将数字通过CStr函数转换为字符后,利用字符处理函数来解题。
2、实战练习
1) 补充代码(2003秋二(8))
下面程序的功能是统计文件中英文字母(不区分大小写)出现的个数。
以下是引用片段:
Option Base 1
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim alpha(26) As Integer,n As Integer
Dim i As Integer,s As String
Open "c:\kav2003\readme.txt" For Input As #11
Do While Not EOF(11)
s= (1)
s=UCase(s)
If s>="A" And s<="Z" Then
n= (2)
alpha(n)=alpha(n)+1
End If
Loop
For i=1 To 26
If alpha(i)<>0 Then
List1.AddItem Chr(i+64)&":"&CStr(alpha(i))
End If
Next i
Close
End Sub
2) 补充代码(2000秋二(6))
下面程序的功能是:统计当前盘当前文件夹中的顺序文件data.txt中共有多少个单词,约定连续出现的字母定义为一个单词。
以下是引用片段:
Option Explicit
Private Sub Form_Click()
Dim Char() As String, St As String, Tem As String
Dim Idx As Integer, Js As Long, Flen As Long
Dim F As Boolean, W As String * 1
(1)
Flen = LOF(10)
St = Input(Flen, #10)
Js = 1
Do While Js <= Flen+1
W = Mid(St, Js, 1)
If (2) Then
Tem = Tem + W
F = True
ElseIf F = True Then
Idx = Idx + 1
ReDim Preserve Char(Idx)
Char(Idx) = Tem
Tem = (3)
F = False
End If
(4)
Loop
Print "共有"; Idx; "个单词"
For Js = 1 To Idx
Print Char(Js)
Next Js
End Sub