第3步:配置静态路由并测试连通性
监测清单8-2记录了配置和测试的全过程。
监测清单8-2配置静态路由并测试连通性
R2#conft
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.LO 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1
R2(config)#
Term_Server#1
[Resuming connection 1 to R1 ...]
R1#conft
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.2
R1(config)#^Z
R1#ping
R1#ping 192.168.2.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
R1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, 0 - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 172.16.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0
S*0.0.0.0/0 [1/0]via 172.16.1.2
(1)在R2上配置目标网段为192.168.1.0/24的静态路由。
(2)在R1上配置1条缺省路由。这只是演示上的目的,完全可以配置成为和R2一样的静态路由。
(3)查看R1的路由表,显示了缺省路由的配置情况。
(4)从R1到192.168.2.1地址的ping测试是成功的,这标志着本实验的配置任务已经完成。
第4步:使用帧中继的Debug命令
Debug命令对于在帧中继配置过程中的排障非常重要,在这里我们主要演示一项常用的Debug命令,看一下配置正确和配置错误两种情况下其监测结果上的区别。
监测清单8-3记录了Debug命令的使用及结果。
监测清单8-3 帧中继的Debug命令
R1#debug frame-relay ?
dlswFrame Relay dlsw
end-to-end Frame-relay end-to-end VC information
eventsImpoftant Frame Relay packet events
foresightFrame Relay router ForeSight support
hprFrame Relay APPN HPR
ipFrame Relay Internet Protocol
llc2Frame Relay llc2
lmiLMI packet exchanges with service provider
packetFrame Relay packets
pppPPP over Frame Relay
rsrbFrame Relay rsrb
verbose Frame Relay
R1#debug frame-relay packet
Frame Relay packet debugging is on
R1#ping 192.168.2.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
SUCcess rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 68/68/72 ms
R1#
00:44:29: Serial0(o): dici 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800(IP). datagramsize 104
00:44:29: Serial0(i): dici 102(0x1861),pkt type 0x800, datagmmsize 104
00:44:29: Serial0(o):dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800(IP). datagramsize 104
00:44:29: Serial0(i):dlci 10(0x1861),pkt type 0x800, datagmmsize 104
00:44:29: Serial0(o):dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800(IP). datagramsize 104
00:44:29: SerialO(i):dlci 102(0x1861),pkt type 0x800, datagmmsize 104
00:44:29: SerialO(o):dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800(IP). datagramsize 104
00:44:29: Serial0O(i):dlci 102(0x1861),pkt type 0x800, datagmmsize 104
00:44:29: Serial0(o):dlci 102(0x1861),pkt type 0x800(IP). datagramsize 104
00:44:29: Serial0(i):dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800, datagmmsize 104
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int sO
R1(config-if)#no frame map ip 172.16.L2 102 cisco
R1(config-if)#^Z
R1#sh frame map
R1#ping 192.168.2.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
00:45:19: Serial0:Encaps failed-no map entry link 7(IP).
00:45:21: Serial0:Encaps failed-no map entry link 7(IP).
00:45:23: Serial0:Encaps failed-no map entry link 7(IP).
00:45:25: Serial0:Encaps failed-no map entry link 7(IP).
00:45:27: Serial0:Encaps failed-no-map entry link 7(IP).
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
R1#undebug all
All possible debugging has been turned off
(1)debug frame-relay?命令列出了所有帧中继的Debug命令,其中最常用的是加阴影的几项。
(2)debug frame-relay packct命令可以监测帧中继包传输的情况。在打开监测之后,使用ping指令造成帧中继包的收发。
(3)可以看到有10行监测信息出现,仔细观察发现是最初2行信息重复出现了5次,这是因为ping指令发出了5个ICMP包,并收到了5个ICMP应答包,"Serial0(o)和"SerialO(i)"说明了发出(out)和接收(in)的方向。
(4)为测试的目的,把原先定义的帧中继映射删除。sh frame map命令的执行结果显示当前无任何帧中继映射存在。
(5)再次使用ping指令试图生成帧中继的包,监测结果为:
Serial0:Encaps failed--no map entry link 7(IP)
表明包的封装失败,原因是没有MAP入口项,即没有对应的帧中继映射存在。