Network Working Group T. Ts'o
Request for Comments: 2953 VA Linux Systems
Category: Informational September 2000
Telnet Encryption: DES 64 bit Output Feedback
Status of this Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this
memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document specifies how to use the data encryption standard (DES)
encryption algorithm in output feedback mode with the telnet
encryption option.
1. Command Names and Codes
Encryption Type
DES_OFB64 2
Suboption Commands
OFB64_IV 1
OFB64_IV_OK 2
OFB64_IV_BAD 3
2. Command Meanings
IAC SB ENCRYPT IS DES_OFB64 OFB64_IV <initial vector> IAC SE
The sender of this command generates a random 8 byte initial
vector, and sends it to the other side of the connection using the
OFB64_IV command. The initial vector is sent in clear text. Only
the side of the connection that is WILL ENCRYPT may send the
OFB64_IV command
IAC SB ENCRYPT REPLY DES_OFB64 OFB64_IV_OK IAC SE
IAC SB ENCRYPT REPLY DES_OFB64 OFB64_IV_BAD IAC SE
The sender of these commands either accepts or rejects the initial
vector received in a OFB64_IV command. Only the side of the
connection that is DO ENCRYPT may send the OFB64_IV_OK and
OFB64_IV_BAD commands. The OFB64_IV_OK command MUST be sent for
backwards compatibility with existing implementations; there really
isn't any reason why a sender would need to send the OFB64_IV_BAD
command except in the case of a protocol violation where the IV
sent was not of the correct length (i.e., 8 bytes).
3. Implementation Rules
Once a OFB64_IV_OK command has been received, the WILL ENCRYPT side
of the connection should do keyid negotiation using the ENC_KEYID
command. Once the keyid negotiation has sUCcessfully identified a
common keyid, then START and END commands may be sent by the side of
the connection that is WILL ENCRYPT. Data will be encrypted using
the DES 64 bit Output Feedback algorithm.
If encryption (decryption) is turned off and back on again, and the
same keyid is used when re-starting the encryption (decryption), the
intervening clear text must not change the state of the encryption
(decryption) machine.
If a START command is sent (received) with a different keyid, the
encryption (decryption) machine must be re-initialized immediately
following the end of the START command with the new key and the
initial vector sent (received) in the last OFB64_IV command.
If a new OFB64_IV command is sent (received), and encryption
(decryption) is enabled, the encryption (decryption) machine must be
re-initialized immediately following the end of the OFB64_IV command
with the new initial vector, and the keyid sent (received) in the
last START command.
If encryption (decryption) is not enabled when a OFB64_IV command is
sent (received), the encryption (decryption) machine must be re-
initialized after the next START command, with the keyid sent
(received) in that START command, and the initial vector sent
(received) in this OFB64_IV command.
4. Algorithm
Given that V[i] is the initial 64 bit vector, V[n] is the nth 64 bit
vector, D[n] is the nth chunk of 64 bits of data to encrypt
(decrypt), and O[n] is the nth chunk of 64 bits of encrypted
(decrypted) data, then:
V[0] = DES(V[i], key)
V[n+1] = DES(V[n], key)
O[n] = D[n] <exclusive or> V[n]
5. Integration with the AUTHENTICATION telnet option
As noted in the telnet ENCRYPTION option specifications, a keyid
value of zero indicates the default encryption key, as might be
derived from the telnet AUTHENTICATION option. If the default
encryption key negotiated as a result of the telnet AUTHENTICATION
option contains less than 8 bytes, then the DES_OFB64 option may not
be offered or used as a valid telnet encryption option. If the
encryption key negotiated as a result of the telnet AUTHENTICATION
option is greater than 16 bytes the first 8 bytes of the key should
be used as keyid 0 for data sent from the telnet server to the telnet
client, and the second 8 bytes of the key should be used as keyid 0
for data sent by the telnet client to the telnet server. Otherwise,
the first 8 bytes of the encryption key is used as keyid zero for the
telnet ENCRYPTION option in both directions (with the client as WILL
ENCRYPT and the server as WILL ENCRYPT).
In all cases, if the key negotiated by the telnet AUTHENTICATION
option was not a DES key, the key used by the DES_CFB64 must have its
parity corrected after it is determined using the above algorithm.
Note that the above algorithm assumes that it is safe to use a non-
DES key (or part of a non-DES key) as a DES key. This is not
necessarily true of all cipher systems, but we specify this behaviour
as the default since it is true for most authentication systems in
popular use today, and for compatibility with existing
implementations. New telnet AUTHENTICATION mechanisms may specify
alternative methods for determining the keys to be used for this
cipher suite in their specification, if the session key negotiated by
that authentication mechanism is not a DES key and and where this
algorithm may not be safely used.
6. Security Considerations
Encryption using Output Feedback does not ensure data integrity; an
active attacker may be able to substitute text, if he can predict the
clear-text that was being transmitted. For this reason, the Cipher
Feedback encryption type should be used instead, since it provides
limited detectability to data modification. Neither provides true
data integrity, however.
The tradeoff here is that adding a message authentication code (MAC)
will significantly increase the number of bytes needed to send a
single character in the telnet protocol, which will impact
performance on slow (i.e. dialup) links.
7. Acknowledgments
This document was originally written by Dave Borman of Cray Research
with the assistance of the IETF Telnet Working Group.
Author's Address
Theodore Ts'o, Editor
VA Linux Systems
43 Pleasant St.
Medford, MA 02155
Phone: (781) 391-3464
EMail: tytso@mit.edu
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