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RFC1923 - RIPv1 Applicability Statement for Historic Status

王朝other·作者佚名  2008-05-31
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Network Working Group J. Halpern

Request for Comments: 1923 Newbridge Networks

Category: Informational S. Bradner

Harvard University

March 1996

RIPv1 Applicability Statement for Historic Status

Status of this Memo

This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo

does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of

this memo is unlimited.

Abstract

RIP Version 1 [RFC-1058] has been declared an historic document.

This Applicability statement provides the supporting motivation for

that declaration. The primary reason, as described below, is the

Classful nature of RIPv1.

1.0 IntrodUCtion

RIP version 1 (RIPv1) (as defined by RFC1058) was one of the first

dynamic routing protocols used in the internet. It was developed as

a technique for passing around network reachability information for

what we now consider relatively simple topologies.

The Internet has changed significantly since RIPv1 was defined,

particularly with the introduction and use of subnets and CIDR.

While RIPv1 is widely used in private networks, it can no longer be

considered applicable for use in the global Internet.

2.0 RIPv1 restrictions

RIPv1 has a number of restrictions and behaviors which restrict its

useability in the global Internet.

2.1 Classfulness

Chief among these is that it is a classful routing protocol. RIP

packets do not carry prefix masks. The prefix length is inferred

from the address. For non-local addresses, the prefix is always the

"natural" (classful) length. (e.g., 24 bits for a "Class C" network

address.) For networks to which a local interface exists, if the

interface is subnetted with some specific mask, then RIPv1 assumes

that the mask used locally is the correct mask to apply for all

subnets of that network.

This has a number of effects.

1) RIPv1 can not be used with variable length subnetting. In the

presence of variable length subnetting it will consistently

misinterpret prefix lengths.

2) RIPv1 is difficult to use with supernetting. All CIDR supernets

must be eXPloded and advertised to RIPv1 as individual "natural"

classful advertisements.

3) Even when the networks running RIPv1 are themselves only subnetted

in fixed ways, if the remainder of the network has variable

subnetting then one must carefully make sure that RIPv1 does not

destroy the mask information when it passes through those subnets

running RIPv1. Put another way, co-existence with mutual

information exchange between RIPv1 and more advanced routing

protocols is problematic at best. Note that this applies even when

the other routing protocol is RIPv2.

4) The Internet will soon be making use of addresses which appear to

RIPv1 to be parts of Class A networks. Networks using RIPv1 may not

be able to reach all sites assigned the subsections of a single A.

2.2 Simple Distance Vector

RIPv1 is a simple distance vector protocol. It has been enhanced

with various techniques, including Split Horizon and Poison Reverse

in order to enable it to perform better in somewhat complicated

networks.

However, being a simple distance vector protocol, it will run into

difficulty. First and foremost, it will occasionally have to count to

infinity in order to purge bad routes. This delays the convergence

of routing. In order to keep this short, RIPv1 defines infinity as

16 hops. That means that networks with diameters larger than that

can not use RIP. Even getting close to that limit can cause

confusion for some implementations.

3.0 Conclusion

The recommendation of this Applicability statement is that if there

is reason to run RIP in a network environment, one should use RIPv2

(RFC1723).

RIPv1 itself should only be used in simple topologies, with simple

reachability. It may be used by any site which uses fixed subnetting

internally, and either uses a default route to deal with external

traffic or is not connected to the global Internet or to other

organizations.

RIPv1 may also be used as a local advertising technology if the

information to be used fits within its capabilities.

4.0 Security Considerations

RIPv1 includes no security functions. RIPv2 includes a mechanism for

authenticating the sender of the routing information. Sites which

are worried about the vulnerability of their routing infrastructure

and which feel they must run a RIP-like protocol should use RIPv2.

5.0 Authors' Addresses

Joel M. Halpern

Newbridge Networks Inc.

593 Herndon Parkway Herndon,

VA 22070-5241

Phone: +1 703 708 5954

EMail: jhalpern@newbridge.com

Scott Bradner

Harvard University

1350 Mass Ave, Rm 813

Cambridge MA 02138

Phone: +1 617 495 3864

EMail: sob@harvard.edu

 
 
 
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