Network Working Group S. Casner
Request for Comments: 3555 Packet Design
Category: Standards Track P. Hoschka
W3C/INRIA/MIT
July 2003
MIME Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document defines the procedure to register RTP Payload Formats
as audio, video or other MIME suBType names. This is useful in a
text-based format or control protocol to identify the type of an RTP
transmission. This document also registers all the RTP payload
formats defined in the RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences as
MIME subtypes. Some of these may also be used for transfer modes
other than RTP.
Table of Contents
1. IntrodUCtion .................................................. 2
1.1. IANA Considerations ...................................... 2
1.2. Terminology .............................................. 3
2. Procedure For Registering MIME Types for RTP Payload Types .... 3
3. Mapping to SDP Parameters ..................................... 5
4. Registrations for "Audio/Video Profile" ....................... 6
4.1. Audio Type Registrations ................................. 6
4.2. Video Type Registrations ................................. 30
5. Security Considerations ....................................... 42
6. Normative References .......................................... 43
7. Authors' Addresses ............................................ 44
8. Full Copyright Statement ...................................... 45
1. Introduction
The MIME registration procedure described in RFC2048 [1] was
originally designed for transport of multimedia information via
asynchronous Internet mail, but the MIME namespace now provides
identification for other transport modes as well. This document
defines the procedure to register MIME subtype names for use with the
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), RFC3550 [2], to identify RTP
payload formats.
This document also registers all the RTP payload formats defined in
the RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences, RFC3551 [3], as
MIME subtypes under the "audio" and "video" MIME types.
1.1. IANA Considerations
This document registers the following MIME subtypes:
audio/DVI4
audio/G722
audio/G723
audio/G726-16
audio/G726-24
audio/G726-32
audio/G726-40
audio/G728
audio/G729
audio/G729D
audio/G729E
audio/GSM
audio/GSM-EFR
audio/L8
audio/L16
audio/LPC
audio/MPA
audio/PCMA
audio/PCMU
audio/QCELP
audio/RED
audio/VDVI
video/BT656
video/CelB
video/JPEG
video/H261
video/H263
video/H263-1998
video/H263-2000
video/MPV
video/MP2T
video/MP1S
video/MP2P
video/BMPEG
video/nv
MIME subtype audio/L16 has already been registered via RFC2586 for
transports other than RTP. That registration is incorporated here
and augmented with additional information for RTP transport.
1.2. Terminology
The key Words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119 [4] and
indicate requirement levels for implementations compliant with this
specification.
2. Procedure For Registering MIME Types for RTP Payload Types
Registering an RTP payload type as a MIME type follows the same
procedures as described in RFC2048 and uses the registration
template shown in Section 2.8 of RFC2048. Some additional
parameters are required to specify how a particular payload format is
transported over RTP:
Published specification
A description of the encoding and a specification of the
payload format must be provided, usually by reference to an RTP
payload format specification RFC. That RFCmay be separate, or
the MIME subtype registration may be incorporated into the
payload format specification RFC. The payload format
specification MUST include the RTP timestamp clock rate (or
multiple rates for audio encodings with multiple sampling
rates).
A reference to a further description of the data compression
format itself should be provided, if available.
Required parameters
If the payload format does not have a fixed RTP timestamp clock
rate, then a "rate" parameter is required to specify the RTP
timestamp clock rate. A particular payload format may have
additional required parameters.
Optional parameters
Most audio payload formats can have an optional "channels"
parameter to specify the number of audio channels included in
the transmission. Any payload format, but most likely audio
formats, may also include the optional parameters "ptime", to
specify the recommended length of time in milliseconds
represented by the media in a packet, and/or "maXPtime" to
specify the maximum amount of media which can be encapsulated
in each packet, expressed as time in milliseconds. The "ptime"
and "maxptime" parameters are defined in the Session
Description Protocol (SDP) [5].
A particular payload format may have additional optional
parameters.
Encoding considerations
The fact that the type can be transferred via RTP MUST be
noted.
Depending on whether the type has already been registered for
transfer with a non-RTP protocol (e.g. MIME mail or http) or not,
several different cases can occur:
a) Not yet registered as a MIME type
A new registration should be constructed using the MIME
registration template. The registration may specify transfer
via other means in addition to RTP if that is feasible and
desired. The encoding considerations must specify how the type
is transferred via RTP.
Optional parameters may be defined as needed, and it must be
clearly stated whether to which mode(s) of transfer the
parameters apply.
b) MIME type exists for a non-RTP protocol
The encoding considerations of the existing type should be
changed to indicate that the type can also be transferred via
RTP.
RTP-specific parameters may be added, and it must be clearly
stated that these are only to be used when the media type is
transmitted via RTP transport.
c) Update an existing MIME type for RTP to be used for a non-RTP
protocol
The encoding considerations of the existing type should be
changed to indicate that the type can also be transferred via a
non-RTP protocol (e.g. SMTP, HTTP).
Non-RTP-specific parameters can be added, and it must be
clearly stated that these are only to be used when the media
type is transmitted via a non-RTP transport.
3. Mapping to SDP Parameters
The representation of a MIME media type is specified in the syntax of
the Content-Type header field in RFC2045 [6] as follows:
type "/" subtype *(";" parameter)
Parameters may be required for a particular type or subtype or they
may be optional. For media types which represent RTP payload
formats, the parameters "rate", "channels", "ptime", and "maxptime"
have general definitions (given above) that may apply across types
and subtypes. The format for a parameter is specified in RFC2045 as
attribute "=" value
where attribute is the parameter name and the permissible values are
specified for each parameter. The value may need to be a quoted
string if it contains any of the special characters listed in RFC
2045.
The information carried in the media type string has a specific
mapping to fields in the Session Description Protocol (SDP) [5],
which is commonly used to describe RTP sessions. The mapping is as
follows:
o The MIME type (e.g., audio) goes in SDP "m=" as the media name.
o The MIME subtype (payload format) goes in SDP "a=rtpmap" as the
encoding name.
o The general (possibly optional) parameters "rate" and
"channels" also go in "a=rtpmap" as clock rate and encoding
parameters, respectively.
o The general (and optional) parameters "ptime" and "maxptime" go
in the SDP "a=ptime" and "a=maxptime" attributes, respectively.
o Any payload-format-specific parameters go in the SDP "a=fmtp"
attribute. The set of allowed parameters is defined by the RFC
that specifies the payload format and MUST NOT be extended by
the MIME subtype registration without a corresponding revision
of the payload format specification. The format and syntax of
these parameters may also be defined by the payload format
specification, but it is suggested that the parameters be
copied directly from the MIME media type string as a semicolon
separated list of parameter=value pairs. For payload formats
that specify some other syntax for the fmtp parameters, the
registration of that payload format as a MIME subtype must
specify what the parameters are in MIME format and how to map
them to the SDP "a=fmtp" attribute. See Section 4.1.21 for an
example.
An example mapping is as follows:
audio/L16; rate=48000; channels=2; ptime=5; emphasis=50-15
m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 97
a=rtpmap:97 L16/48000/2
a=fmtp:97 emphasis=50-15
a=ptime:5
Note that the payload format (encoding) names defined in the RTP
Profile are commonly shown in upper case. MIME subtypes are commonly
shown in lower case. These names are case-insensitive in both
places. Similarly, parameter names are case-insensitive both in MIME
types and in the default mapping to the SDP a=fmtp attribute.
4. Registrations for "Audio/Video Profile"
In the following sections, all RTP payload formats described in the
RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences, RFC3551 [3], are
registered as MIME subtypes.
4.1. Audio Type Registrations
The following sections register all of the RTP audio payload types
defined in RFC3551 as MIME types.
For most audio payload formats, the RTP timestamp clock rate is equal
to the sampling rate. Some payload formats operate only at one fixed
sampling rate, while others are adjustable.
4.1.1. Registration of MIME media type audio/DVI4
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: DVI4
Required parameters: rate
The RTP timestamp clock rate, which is equal to the sampling
rate. The typical rate is 8000, but other rates may be
specified.
Optional parameters: ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.2. Registration of MIME media type audio/G722
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: G722
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.3. Registration of MIME media type audio/G723
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: G723
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters:
ptime, maxptime
bitrate: the data rate in kb/s used or preferred for the audio
bit stream, with permissible values 5.3 or 6.3. If
unspecified, the bitrate may change from frame to frame as
indicated inband.
annexa: indicates that Annex A, voice activity detection, is
used or preferred. Permissible values are "yes" and "no"
(without the quotes); "yes" is implied if this parameter is
omitted.
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.4. Registration of MIME media type audio/G726-16
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: G726-16
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.5. Registration of MIME media type audio/G726-24
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: G726-24
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.6. Registration of MIME media type audio/G726-32
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: G726-32
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.7. Registration of MIME media type audio/G726-40
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: G726-40
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.8. Registration of MIME media type audio/G728
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: G728
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.9. Registration of MIME media type audio/G729
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: G729
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters:
ptime, maxptime
annexb: indicates that Annex B, voice activity detection, is
used or preferred. Permissible values are "yes" and "no"
(without the quotes); "yes" is implied if this parameter is
omitted.
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.10. Registration of MIME media type audio/G729D
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: G729D
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters:
ptime, maxptime
annexb: indicates that Annex B, voice activity detection, is
used or preferred. Permissible values are "yes" and "no"
(without the quotes); "yes" is implied if this parameter is
omitted.
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.11. Registration of MIME media type audio/G729E
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: G729E
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters:
ptime, maxptime
annexb: indicates that Annex B, voice activity detection, is
used or preferred. Permissible values are "yes" and "no"
(without the quotes); "yes" is implied if this parameter is
omitted.
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.12. Registration of MIME media type audio/GSM
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: GSM
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.13. Registration of MIME media type audio/GSM-EFR
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: GSM-EFR
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.14. Registration of MIME media type audio/L8
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: L8
Required parameters: rate, the RTP timestamp clock rate
Optional parameters: channels, ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.15. Registration of MIME media type audio/L16
MIME subtype audio/L16 has already been registered via RFC2586 for
transports other than RTP. That registration is incorporated here
and augmented with additional information for RTP transport.
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: L16
Required parameters
rate: number of samples per second -- For non-RTP transport,
the permissible values for rate are 8000, 11025, 16000, 22050,
24000, 32000, 44100, and 48000 samples per second. For RTP
transport, other values are permissible but the aforementioned
values are RECOMMENDED. For RTP, the rate parameter indicates
the RTP timestamp clock rate, which is equal to the sample
rate.
Optional parameters
channels: how many audio streams are interleaved -- defaults
to 1; stereo would be 2, etc. Interleaving takes place
between individual two-byte samples.
emphasis: analog preemphasis applied to the signal before
quantization. The only emphasis value defined here is
emphasis=50-15 to indicate the 50/15 microsecond preemphasis
used with Compact Disks. This parameter MUST be omitted if no
analog preemphasis was applied.
channel-order: specifies the sample interleaving order for
multiple-channel audio streams (see [7] Section 7).
Permissible values are DV.LRLsRs, DV.LRCS, DV.LRCWo,
DV.LRLsRsC, DV.LRLsRsCS, DV.LmixRmixTWoQ1Q2,
DV.LRCWoLsRsLmixRmix, DV.LRCWoLs1Rs1Ls2Rs2, DV.LRCWoLsRsLcRc.
For interoperation with DV video systems, only a subset of
these channel combinations is specified for use with 20-bit
linear encoding in the DV video specification [4]; those are
DV.LRLsRs, DV.LRCS, DV.LmixRmixTWoQ1Q2. This parameter MUST
be omitted when the AIFF-C channel order convention (see RFC
3551) is in use.
For RTP, ptime: RECOMMENDED duration of each packet in
milliseconds.
For RTP, maxptime: maximum duration of each packet in
milliseconds.
Encoding considerations
Audio data is binary data, and must be encoded for non-binary
transport; the Base64 encoding is suitable for Email. Note
that audio data does not compress easily using lossless
compression.
This type is also defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations
Audio data is believed to offer no security risks.
See Section 5 of RFC3555.
Interoperability considerations
This type is compatible with the encoding used in the WAV
(Microsoft Windows RIFF) and Apple AIFF union types, and with
the public domain "sox" and "rateconv" programs.
Published specification
RFC2586 for non-RTP transports, RFC3551 for RTP
Applications which use this media
The public domain "sox" and "rateconv" programs accept this
type.
1. Magic number(s) : None
2. File extension(s) : WAV L16
3. Macintosh file type code : AIFF
Person to contact for further information
1. Name : James Salsman
2. E-mail : jps-L16@bovik.org
Intended usage
Common
It is expected that many audio and speech applications will
use this type. Already the most popular platforms provide
this type with the rate=11025 parameter referred to as "radio
quality speech."
Author/Change controller
James Salsman for non-RTP transports.
Stephen Casner for RTP transport.
4.1.16. Registration of MIME media type audio/LPC
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: LPC
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.17. Registration of MIME media type audio/MPA
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: MPA (MPEG audio)
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters:
layer: which layer of MPEG audio encoding; permissible values
are 1, 2, 3.
samplerate: the rate at which audio is sampled. MPEG-1 audio
supports sampling rates of 32, 44.1, and 48 kHz; MPEG-2
supports sampling rates of 16, 22.05 and 24 kHz. This parameter
is separate from the RTP timestamp clock rate which is always
90000 Hz for MPA.
mode: permissible values are "stereo", "joint_stereo",
"single_channel", "dual_channel". The "channels" parameter
does not apply to MPA. It is undefined to put a number of
channels in the SDP rtpmap attribute for MPA.
bitrate: the data rate for the audio bit stream.
ptime: RECOMMENDED duration of each packet in milliseconds.
maxptime: maximum duration of each packet in milliseconds.
Parameters which are omitted are left to the encoder to choose
based on the session bandwidth, configuration information, or
other constraints. The selected layer as well as the sampling
rate and mode are indicated in the payload so receivers can
process the data without these parameters being specified
externally.
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.18. Registration of MIME media type audio/PCMA
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: PCMA
Required parameters: rate
The RTP timestamp clock rate, which is equal to the sampling
rate. The typical rate is 8000, but other rates may be
specified.
Optional parameters: channels, ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.19. Registration of MIME media type audio/PCMU
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: PCMU
Required parameters: rate
The RTP timestamp clock rate, which is equal to the sampling
rate. The typical rate is 8000, but other rates may be
specified.
Optional parameters: channels, ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.20. Registration of MIME media type audio/QCELP
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: QCELP
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2658
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.21. Registration of MIME media type audio/RED
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: RED
Required parameters:
pt: a comma-separated list of RTP payload types. Because
comma is a special character, the list must be a quoted-string
(enclosed in double quotes). For static payload types, each
list element is simply the type number. For dynamic payload
types, each list element is a mapping of the dynamic payload
type number to an embedded MIME content-type specification for
the payload format corresponding to the dynamic payload type.
The format of the mapping is:
dynamic-payload-type "=" content-type
If the content-type string includes a comma, then the
content-type string MUST be a quoted-string. If the content-
type string does not include a comma, it MAY still be quoted.
Since it is part of the list which must itself be a quoted-
string, that means the quotation marks MUST be quoted with
backslash quoting as specified in RFC2045. If the content-
type string itself contains a quoted-string, then the
requirement for backslash quoting is recursively applied. To
specify the audio/RED payload format in SDP, the pt parameter
is mapped to an a=fmtp attribute by eliminating the parameter
name (pt) and changing the commas to slashes. For example,
'pt="0,5"' maps to 'a=fmtp:99 0/5'. A more complicated
example, with a dynamic payload type, is:
pt = "0, 103 = \"audio/G729D;annexb=yes\" "
m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 99 0 103
a=rtpmap:99 RED/8000
a=fmtp:99 0/103
a=rtpmap:103 G729D/8000
a=fmtp:103 annexb=yes
Optional parameters: ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2198
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.1.22. Registration of MIME media type audio/VDVI
MIME media type name: audio
MIME subtype name: VDVI
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: ptime, maxptime
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.2. Video Type Registrations
For all of the video payload formats registered here, the RTP
timestamp clock rate is always 90000 Hz, so the "rate" parameter is
not applicable. Likewise, the "channel" parameter is not used with
video, and while "ptime" and "maxptime" could be used with video,
they typically are not.
4.2.1. Registration of MIME media type video/BT656
MIME media type name: video
MIME subtype name: BT656
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: None
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2431
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.2.2. Registration of MIME media type video/CelB
MIME media type name: video
MIME subtype name: CelB
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: None
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2029
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.2.3. Registration of MIME media type video/JPEG
MIME media type name: video
MIME subtype name: JPEG
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: None
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2435
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.2.4. Registration of MIME media type video/H261
MIME media type name: video
MIME subtype name: H261
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: None
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2032
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.2.5. Registration of MIME media type video/H263
MIME media type name: video
MIME subtype name: H263
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: None
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2190
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.2.6. Registration of MIME media type video/H263-1998
MIME media type name: video
MIME subtype name: H263-1998
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: None
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2429
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.2.7. Registration of MIME media type video/H263-2000
MIME media type name: video
MIME subtype name: H263-2000
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters:
profile: H.263 profile number, in the range 0 through 10,
specifying the supported H.263 annexes/subparts.
level: Level of bitstream operation, in the range 0 through
100, specifying the level of computational complexity of the
decoding process.
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2429
The specific values for the profile and level parameters and
their meaning are defined in Annex X of ITU-T Recommendation
H.263, "Video coding for low bit rate communication". Note
that the RTP payload format for H263-2000 is the same as for
H263-1998, but additional annexes/subparts are specified along
with the profiles and levels.
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.2.8. Registration of MIME media type video/MPV
MIME media type name: video
MIME subtype name: MPV
MPEG-1 or -2 Elementary Streams
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters:
type: the type of MPEG video, from the set "mpeg1",
"mpeg2-halfd1", or "mpeg2-fulld1". The default is "mpeg1".
The mapping to a=fmtp is identity.
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2250
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.2.9. Registration of MIME media type video/MP2T
MIME media type name: video
MIME subtype name: MP2T
MPEG-2 Transport Streams
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: None
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2250
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.2.10. Registration of MIME media type video/MP1S
MIME media type name: video
MIME subtype name: MP1S
MPEG-1 Systems Streams
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: None
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2250
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.2.11. Registration of MIME media type video/MP2P
MIME media type name: video
MIME subtype name: MP2P
MPEG-2 Program Streams
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: None
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2250
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.2.12. Registration of MIME media type video/BMPEG
MIME media type name: video
MIME subtype name: BMPEG
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: None
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC2343
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
4.2.13. Registration of MIME media type video/nv
MIME media type name: video
MIME subtype name: nv
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: None
Encoding considerations:
This type is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].
Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC3555
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC3551
Applications which use this media type:
Audio and video streaming and conferencing tools.
Additional information: none
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Stephen Casner <casner@acm.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller:
Stephen Casner
5. Security Considerations
The MIME subtype registration procedure specified in this memo does
not impose any security considerations on its own. This memo also
contains several MIME type registrations. The registrations
themselves do not impose security risks, but some may state security
considerations specific to the particular registration.
Several audio and video encodings are perfect for hiding data using
steganography.
The RTP specification, RFC3550, provides security considerations for
the transport of audio and video data over RTP, including the use of
encryption where confidentiality is required.
6. Normative References
[1] Freed, N., Klensin, J. and J. Postel, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME) Part Four: Registration Procedures", BCP 13,
RFC2048, November 1996.
[2] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R. and V. Jacobson, "RTP:
A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", RFC3550, July
2003.
[3] Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and Video
Conferences with Minimal Control", RFC3551, July 2003.
[4] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels", BCP 14, RFC2119, March 1997.
[5] Handley, M. and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description Protocol",
RFC2327, April 1998.
[6] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies",
RFC2045, November 1996.
[7] Kobayashi, K., Ogawa, A., Casner, S. and C. Bormann, "RTP Payload
Format for 12-bit DAT Audio and 20- and 24-bit Linear Sampled
Audio", RFC3190, January 2002.
7. Authors' Addresses
Stephen L. Casner
Packet Design
3400 Hillview Avenue, Building 3
Palo Alto, CA 94304
United States
Phone: +1 650 739-1843
EMail: casner@acm.org
Philipp Hoschka
INRIA
Route des Lucioles 2004
06904, Sophia-Antipolis Cedex
BP 93, France
Phone: (+33) 4 92 38 79 84
Fax: (+33) 4 92 38 77 65
EMail: ph@w3.org
W3C
http://www.w3.org/people/hoschka
8. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFCEditor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
