今天有朋友在MSN上问我如何获得已经连接用户的IP地址。
我们知道，通过SYS_CONTEXT函数可以获得这部分信息，当前用户的ip等信息可以通过如下命令轻易获取：
SQL> select sys_context('userenv','host') from dual;
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','HOST')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WORKGROUP\GQGAI
SQL> select sys_context('userenv','ip_address') from dual;
SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','IP_ADDR
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
172.16.34.20
可是假如我们希望获取其它session的地址信息等，通过SYS_CONTEXT函数就只能通过LOGON触发器来完成。
而假如没有触发器记录，则我们可以通过UTL_INADDR Package来实现。
我们看一下UTL_INADDR包获取ip等信息的实现原理。
我们在数据库中进行如下查询：
[Oracle@jumper oracle]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - ProdUCtion on Wed Oct 25 11:24:22 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
SQL> !
[oracle@jumper oracle]$ ps -efgrep sql
oracle 14700 14663 1 11:24 pts/0 00:00:00 sqlplus
oracle 14732 14702 0 11:24 pts/0 00:00:00 grep sql
[oracle@jumper oracle]$ ps -efgrep LO
oracle 14701 14700 0 11:24 ? 00:00:00 oracleeygle (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle 14734 14702 0 11:24 pts/0 00:00:00 grep LO
[oracle@jumper oracle]$ exit
exit
SQL> SELECT UTL_INADDR.get_host_address('www.anysql.net') from dual;
UTL_INADDR.GET_HOST_ADDRESS('WWW.ANYSQL.NET')
---------------------------------------------------------------------
208.113.151.109
在Linux中我们通过strace跟踪这个进程，可以得到以下堆栈信息:
[oracle@jumper oracle]$ strace -p 14701
Process 14701 attached - interrupt to quit
read(7, "\0\313\0\0\6\0\0\0\0\0\3^\10a\200\0\0\0\0\0\0@\342\22\10"..., 2064) = 203
gettimeofday({1161746697, 269895}, NULL) = 0
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, {ru_utime={0, 30000}, ru_stime={0, 10000}, ...}) = 0
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, {ru_utime={0, 40000}, ru_stime={0, 10000}, ...}) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 270542}, NULL) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 270670}, NULL) = 0
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, {ru_utime={0, 40000}, ru_stime={0, 10000}, ...}) = 0
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, {ru_utime={0, 40000}, ru_stime={0, 10000}, ...}) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 271614}, NULL) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 271748}, NULL) = 0
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, {ru_utime={0, 40000}, ru_stime={0, 10000}, ...}) = 0
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, {ru_utime={0, 40000}, ru_stime={0, 10000}, ...}) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 272347}, NULL) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 272699}, NULL) = 0
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, {ru_utime={0, 40000}, ru_stime={0, 10000}, ...}) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 272989}, NULL) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 273140}, NULL) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 273273}, NULL) = 0
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, {ru_utime={0, 40000}, ru_stime={0, 10000}, ...}) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 273771}, NULL) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 275526}, NULL) = 0
getpid() = 14701
open("/etc/resolv.conf", O_RDONLY) = 12
fstat64(12, {st_mode=S_IFREG0644, st_size=46, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READPROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATEMAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb6fba000
read(12, "search hurray.com.cn\nnameserver "..., 4096) = 46
read(12, "", 4096) = 0
close(12) = 0
munmap(0xb6fba000, 4096) = 0
socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0) = 12
connect(12, {sa_family=AF_UNIX, path="/var/run/.nscd_socket"}, 110) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or Directory)
close(12) = 0
open("/etc/host.conf", O_RDONLY) = 12
fstat64(12, {st_mode=S_IFREG0644, st_size=17, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READPROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATEMAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb6fba000
read(12, "order hosts,bind\n", 4096) = 17
read(12, "", 4096) = 0
close(12) = 0
munmap(0xb6fba000, 4096) = 0
futex(0xb71a1a20, FUTEX_WAKE, 2147483647) = 0
open("/etc/hosts", O_RDONLY) = 12
fcntl64(12, F_GETFD) = 0
fcntl64(12, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0
fstat64(12, {st_mode=S_IFREG0644, st_size=175, ...}) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READPROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATEMAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb6fba000
read(12, "# Do not remove the following li"..., 4096) = 175
read(12, "", 4096) = 0
close(12) = 0
munmap(0xb6fba000, 4096) = 0
open("/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libnss_dns.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/tls/libnss_dns.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/i686/libnss_dns.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/libnss_dns.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 12
read(12, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\240\16"..., 512) = 512
fstat64(12, {st_mode=S_IFREG0755, st_size=18632, ...}) = 0
old_mmap(NULL, 17100, PROT_READPROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE, 12, 0) = 0xb6fb6000
old_mmap(0xb6fba000, 4096, PROT_READPROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATEMAP_FIXED, 12, 0x3000) = 0xb6fba000
close(12) = 0
open("/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libresolv.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/tls/libresolv.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/i686/libresolv.so.2", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/libresolv.so.2", O_RDONLY) = 12
read(12, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\320(\0"..., 512) = 512
fstat64(12, {st_mode=S_IFREG0755, st_size=76508, ...}) = 0
old_mmap(NULL, 73604, PROT_READPROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE, 12, 0) = 0xb6fa4000
old_mmap(0xb6fb3000, 4096, PROT_READPROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATEMAP_FIXED, 12, 0xf000) = 0xb6fb3000
old_mmap(0xb6fb4000, 8068, PROT_READPROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATEMAP_FIXEDMAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb6fb4000
close(12) = 0
socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 12
connect(12, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("208.113.151.109")}, 28) = 0
send(12, "\324#\1\0\0\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\3www\5anysql\3com\0\0\1\0\1", 31, 0) = 31
gettimeofday({1161746697, 286025}, NULL) = 0
poll([{fd=12, events=POLLIN, revents=POLLIN}], 1, 5000) = 1
ioctl(12, FIONREAD, [74]) = 0
recvfrom(12, "\324#\201\200\0\1\0\1\0\1\0\0\3www\5anysql\3com\0\0\1\0"..., 1024, 0,
{sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr("208.113.151.109")}, [16]) = 74
close(12) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 290245}, NULL) = 0
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, {ru_utime={0, 40000}, ru_stime={0, 20000}, ...}) = 0
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, {ru_utime={0, 40000}, ru_stime={0, 20000}, ...}) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 291553}, NULL) = 0
write(10, "\2\275\0\0\6\0\0\0\0\0\20\31\266\344\217\3700\320\341S"..., 701) = 701
read(7, "\0\215\0\0\6\0\0\0\0\0\3^\t@\0\0\0\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 2064) = 141
gettimeofday({1161746697, 294898}, NULL) = 0
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, {ru_utime={0, 40000}, ru_stime={0, 20000}, ...}) = 0
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, {ru_utime={0, 40000}, ru_stime={0, 20000}, ...}) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 295496}, NULL) = 0
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, {ru_utime={0, 40000}, ru_stime={0, 20000}, ...}) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 295847}, NULL) = 0
gettimeofday({1161746697, 295981}, NULL) = 0
lseek(9, 1024, SEEK_SET) = 1024
read(9, "\30\0$\0007\0@\0J\0V\0`\0i\0t\0~\0\232\0\245\0\320\0\330"..., 512) = 512
lseek(9, 47104, SEEK_SET) = 47104
read(9, "\f\0^\5\0\0P\0x\5\0\0\214\0y\5\0\0\250\0z\5\0\0\313\0{"..., 512) = 512
gettimeofday({1161746697, 297024}, NULL) = 0
write(10, "\0\202\0\0\6\0\0\0\0\0\4\1\0\0\0\1\1\0\0\0{\5\0\0\0\0\1"..., 130) = 130
read(7,
Process 14701 detached
在这个信息中，我们注重到Oracle顺序访问了如下文件来完成地址定位：
open("/etc/resolv.conf", O_RDONLY) = 12
open("/etc/host.conf", O_RDONLY) = 12
open("/etc/hosts", O_RDONLY) = 12
首先获取域名解析服务器，在根据host.conf文件确定解析顺序，因为缺省hosts文件优先，又继续读取/etc/hosts文件。
假如hosts文件存在解析关系，则返回信息；假如不存在，则继续问询DNS服务器，获得解析地址，假如不能解析，则会出错：
SQL> select UTL_INADDR.get_host_address('www.a.com') from dual;
select UTL_INADDR.get_host_address('www.a.com') from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-29257: host www.a.com unknown
ORA-06512: at "SYS.UTL_INADDR", line 35
ORA-06512: at "SYS.UTL_INADDR", line 40
ORA-06512: at line 1
也就是说，UTL_INADDR的数据获取已经不依靠于数据库信息了，而SYS_CONTEXT的信息获取仍然来自数据库内部。
这就是UTL_INADDR包的工作原理。
-The End-
