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Oracle数据库管理员的常用命令

王朝oracle·作者佚名  2008-05-31
窄屏简体版  字體: |||超大  

第一章:日志治理

1.forcing log switches

sql alter system switch logfile;

2.forcing checkpoints

sql alter system checkpoint;

3.adding online redo log groups

sql alter database add logfile [group 4]

sql ('/disk3/log4a.rdo','/disk4/log4b.rdo') size 1m;

4.adding online redo log members

sql alter database add logfile member

sql '/disk3/log1b.rdo' to group 1,

sql '/disk4/log2b.rdo' to group 2;

5.changes the name of the online redo logfile

sql alter database rename file 'c:/Oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log'

sql to 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';

6.drop online redo log groups

sql alter database drop logfile group 3;

7.drop online redo log members

sql alter database drop logfile member 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';

8.clearing online redo log files

sql alter database clear [unarchived] logfile '

c:/oracle/log2a.rdo';

9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles

a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = ' '

b. sql execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('oradb.ora','

c:\oracle\oradb\log');

c. sql execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile('

c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo01.log',

sql dbms_logmnr.new);

d. sql execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('

c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo02.log',

sql dbms_logmnr.addfile);

e. sql execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename='

c:\oracle\oradb\log\oradb.ora');

f. sql select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,

v$logmnr_parameters

sql v$logmnr_logs);

g. sql execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;

第二章:表空间治理

1.create tablespaces

sql create tablespace tablespace_name datafile '

c:\oracle\oradata\file1.dbf' size 100m,

sql 'c:\oracle\oradata\file2.dbf' size 100m

minimum extent 550k [logging/nologging]

sql default storage (initial 500k next 500k

maxextents 500 pctinccease 0)

sql [online/offline] [permanent/temporary]

[extent_management_clause]

2.locally managed tablespace

sql create tablespace user_data datafile '

c:\oracle\oradata\user_data01.dbf'

sql size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m;

3.temporary tablespace

sql create temporary tablespace temp tempfile '

c:\oracle\oradata\temp01.dbf'

sql size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m;

4.change the storage setting

sql alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m;

sql alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial

2m next 2m maxextents 999);

5.taking tablespace offline or online

sql alter tablespace app_data offline;

sql alter tablespace app_data online;

6.read_only tablespace

sql alter tablespace app_data read onlywrite;

7.droping tablespace

sql drop tablespace app_data including contents;

8.enableing automatic extension of data files

sql alter tablespace app_data add datafile '

c:\oracle\oradata\app_data01.dbf' size 200m

sql autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m;

9.change the size fo data files manually

sql alter database datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'

resize 200m;

10.Moving data files: alter tablespace

sql alter tablespace app_data rename datafile '

c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'

sql to 'c:\oracle\app_data.dbf';

11.moving data files:alter database

sql alter database rename file 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'

sql to 'c:\oracle\app_data.dbf';

第三章:表

1.create a table

sql create table table_name (column datatype,column datatype]....)

sql tablespace tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [pctused integer]

sql [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]

sql storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50)

sql [loggingnologging] [cachenocache]

2.copy an existing table

sql create table table_name [loggingnologging] as subquery

3.create temporary table

sql create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay;

on commit preserve rows/on commit delete rows

4.pctfree = (average row size - initial row

size) *100 /average row size

pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row

size*100/available data space)

5.change storage and block utilization parameter

sql alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k

sql minextents 2 maxextents 100);

6.manually allocating extents

sql alter table table_name allocate extent(size

500k datafile 'c:/oracle/data.dbf');

7.move tablespace

sql alter table employee move tablespace users;

8.deallocate of unused space

sql alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep integer]

9.truncate a table

sql truncate table table_name;

10.drop a table

sql drop table table_name [cascade constraints];

11.drop a column

sql alter table table_name drop column comments

cascade constraints checkpoint 1000;

alter table table_name drop columns continue;

12.mark a column as unused

sql alter table table_name set unused column

comments cascade constraints;

alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000;

alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000

data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs

第四章:索引

1.creating function-based indexes

sql create index summit.item_quantity on

summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped);

2.create a B-tree index

sql create [unique] index index_name on

table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace

sql tablespace_name [pctfree integer]

[initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]

sql [logging nologging] [nosort] storage(initial

200k next 200k pctincrease 0

sql maxextents 50);

3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number

of rows)*100/maximum number of rows

4.creating reverse key indexes

sql create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse

pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k

sql next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;

5.create bitmap index

sql create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30

storage( initial 200k next 200k

sql pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;

6.change storage parameter of index

sql alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100);

7.allocating index space

sql alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k

datafile 'c:/oracle/index.dbf');

8.alter index xay_id deallocate unused;

第五章:约束

1.define constraints as immediate or deferred

sql alter session set constraint[s] = immediate/deferred/default;

set constraint[s] constraint_name/all immediate/deferred;

2. sql drop table table_name cascade constraints

sql drop tablespace tablespace_name including

contents cascade constraints

3. define constraints while create a table

sql create table xay(id number(7) constraint

xay_id primary key deferrable

sql using index storage(initial 100k

next 100k) tablespace indx);

primary key/unique/references table(column)/check

4.enable constraints

sql alter table xay enable novalidate con

 
 
 
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