使用Ubuntu Server版安装LAMP server之后,Ubuntu给系统添加了一些不必要的用户,多余的用户在会给黑客留下获取shell的可能性,关闭不必要的用户shell使用权限在一定程度上可以加固Ubuntu服务的安全性。
安装完成后默认/etc/passwd文件内容如下:
QUOTE:
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/sh
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/bin/sh
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/sh
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/bin/sh
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/bin/sh
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/bin/sh
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/sh
syslog:x:101:102::/home/syslog:/bin/false
klog:x:102:103::/home/klog:/bin/false
mysql:x:103:104:MySQL Server,,,:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/false
admin:x:1000:1000:Administrator,,,:/home/admin:/bin/bash
具体内容根据选择安装的服务不同而不同。Ubuntu默认创建了20多个帐号,大部分人并不知道这些帐号的具体用途,其中有几个帐号对于一个web服务器来说一般是不必要,可以通过更改shell的方式禁用这些帐号的登录(/bin/false):
QUOTE:
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/false
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/false
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/false
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/false
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/false
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/bin/sh
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/sh
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/bin/sh
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/bin/false
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/bin/false
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/false
syslog:x:101:102::/home/syslog:/bin/false
klog:x:102:103::/home/klog:/bin/false
mysql:x:103:104:MySQL Server,,,:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/false
admin:x:1000:1000:Administrator,,,:/home/admin:/bin/bash
当然,如果相关服务是需要用到的服务,就不要更改shell了。