一、MySQL数据库的实例管理器概述：
1、MySQL数据库的实例管理器(IM)是通过TCP/IP端口运行的后台程序，用来监视和管理MySQL数据库服务器实例。
2、假如IM挂了，则所有的实例都会挂掉；假如实例挂了，IM会尝试重新来启动它。
3、IM读取配置文件比如MY.CNF的[manager]段。
4、本文中的示例依据LINUX环境下试验。
二、配置说明:
1、配置文件如下：
[manager]
user=mysql
default-mysqld-path = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
socket=/tmp/manager.sock
pid-file=/tmp/manager.pid
password-file = /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd
monitoring-interval = 2
port = 1999
bind-address = 192.168.0.231
log = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlmanager.log
run-as-service = true
[mysqld1]
...
[mysqld2]
...
这个有两个配置实例，具体就不说了。见我的安装多个实例的文章。
具体含义查看mysqlmanager --help
2、密码文件
IM将用户信息保存到密码文件中。密码文件的默认位置为/etc/mysqlmanager.passwd。
密码应类似于：
petr:*35110DC9B4D8140F5DE667E28C72DD2597B5C848
我的mysqlmanager.passwd内容
user_all:*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9
3、启动IM
[root@localhost tmp]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlmanager
WARNING: This program is deprecated and will be removed in 6.0.
[2483/3086632640] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] IM: started.
[2483/3086632640] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Loading config file 'my.cnf'...
[2483/3086632640] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Manager: initializing...
[2483/3086632640] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Manager: detected threads model: POSIX threads.
[2483/3086632640] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Loading the password database...
[2483/3086632640] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Loaded user 'user_all'.
[2483/3086632640] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] The password database loaded successfully.
[2483/3086632640] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Manager: pid file (/tmp/manager.pid) created.
[2483/3086632640] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] mysqld instance 'mysqld1' has been added successfully.
[2483/3086632640] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] mysqld instance 'mysqld2' has been added successfully.
[2483/3076139920] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Guardian: started.
[2483/3076139920] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Guardian: starting 'mysqld1'...
[2483/3076058000] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Instance 'mysqld1': Monitor: started.
[2483/3076058000] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Instance 'mysqld1': Monitor: starting mysqld...
[2483/3076139920] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Guardian: starting 'mysqld2'...
[2483/3076058000] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Instance 'mysqld1': Monitor: waiting for mysqld to stop...
[2483/3075894160] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Instance 'mysqld2': Monitor: started.
[2483/3075894160] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Instance 'mysqld2': Monitor: starting mysqld...
[2483/3075894160] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Instance 'mysqld2': Monitor: waiting for mysqld to stop...
[2483/3086632640] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Manager: started.
[2483/3075976080] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Listener: started.
[2483/3075976080] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Listener: accepting connections on ip socket (port: 1999)...
[2483/3075976080] [08/04/24 14:24:50] [INFO] Listener: accepting connections on unix socket '/tmp/manager.sock'...
...
InnoDB: than specified in the .cnf file 0 5242880 bytes!
080424 14:24:50 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 46409
080424 14:24:50 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
080424 14:24:50 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.1.23a-maria-alpha-log' socket: '/tmp/mysql1.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server [Maria] (GPL)
080424 14:24:50 [Warning] 'user' entry 'root@localhost.localdomain' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
080424 14:24:50 [Warning] 'user' entry '@localhost.localdomain' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
080424 14:24:50 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
080424 14:24:50 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.1.23a-maria-alpha-log' socket: '/tmp/mysql2.sock' port: 3309 MySQL Community Server [Maria] (GPL)
[2483/3076139920] [08/04/24 14:24:52] [INFO] Guardian: 'mysqld1' is running, set state to STARTED.
4、连接IM
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uuser_all -p -S/tmp/manager.sock -P1999
三、用IM来管理MySQL数据库
1、显示实例的状态和版本信息
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uuser_all -p -S/tmp/manager.sock -P1999
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 1.0-beta
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> show instances;
+---------------+--------+
| instance_name | state |
+---------------+--------+
| mysqld1 | online |
| mysqld2 | online |
+---------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
关闭实例1
mysql> stop instance mysqld1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.30 sec)
mysql> show instances;
+---------------+---------+
| instance_name | state |
+---------------+---------+
| mysqld1 | offline |
| mysqld2 | online |
+---------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
开启实例1
mysql> start instance mysqld1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Instance started
mysql> show instances;
+---------------+--------+
| instance_name | state |
+---------------+--------+
| mysqld1 | online |
| mysqld2 | online |
+---------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看实例的版本信息
mysql> show instance status mysqld2;
+---------------+--------+----------------+
| instance_name | state | version_number | version | mysqld_compatible |
+---------------+--------+----------------+
| mysqld2 | online | 5.1.23 | 5.1.23a-maria-alpha for redhat-linux-gnu on i686 (MySQL Community Server [Maria] (GPL))
| no |
+---------------+--------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
也可以显示实例的选项信息
mysql> show instance options mysqld1;
+-----------------------+-----------------------------------+
| option_name | value |
+-----------------------+-----------------------------------+
| instance_name | mysqld1 |
| basedir | /usr/local/mysql |
| datadir | /usr/local/mysql/data |
| user | mysql |
| default-character-set | utf8 |
| port | 3306 |
| socket | /tmp/mysql1.sock |
| skip-locking | |
| skip-name-resolve | |
| key_buffer | 126M |
| max_allowed_packet | 2M |
| table_cache | 512 |
| sort_buffer_size | 2M |
| read_buffer_size | 2M |
| read_rnd_buffer_size | 4M |
| net_buffer_length | 2K |
| thread_stack | 64K |
| log-bin | mysql.log |
| expire_logs_days | 5 |
| wait_timeout | 20 |
| pid-file | mysqld1-localhost.localdomain.pid |
+-----------------------+-----------------------------------+
21 rows in set (0.00 sec)
也可以查询实例的日志相关信,不再赘述。
我们可以发现，管理实例其实非常方便。
2、管理用户
(1)、添加管理用户
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlmanager --add-user
WARNING: This program is deprecated and will be removed in 6.0.
[3046/3086816960] [08/04/24 14:33:13] [INFO] IM: started.
[3046/3086816960] [08/04/24 14:33:13] [INFO] Loading config file 'my.cnf'...
Enter user name: shit_all
[3046/3086816960] [08/04/24 14:33:18] [INFO] Loading the password database...
[3046/3086816960] [08/04/24 14:33:18] [INFO] Loaded user 'user_all'.
[3046/3086816960] [08/04/24 14:33:18] [INFO] The password database loaded successfully.
Enter password:
Re-type password:
[3046/3086816960] [08/04/24 14:33:23] [INFO] IM: finished.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd
user_all:*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9
shit_all:*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9
注意:必须重新启动IM才能生效。
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -ushit_all -p -S/tmp/manager.sock -P1999
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied. Bad username/password pair
（2）、修改用户密码
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlmanager --edit-user
WARNING: This program is deprecated and will be removed in 6.0.
[3214/3086845632] [08/04/24 14:35:15] [INFO] IM: started.
[3214/3086845632] [08/04/24 14:35:15] [INFO] Loading config file 'my.cnf'...
Enter user name: shit_all
[3214/3086845632] [08/04/24 14:35:19] [INFO] Loading the password database...
[3214/3086845632] [08/04/24 14:35:19] [INFO] Loaded user 'user_all'.
[3214/3086845632] [08/04/24 14:35:19] [INFO] Loaded user 'shit_all'.
[3214/3086845632] [08/04/24 14:35:19] [INFO] The password database loaded successfully.
Enter password:
Re-type password:
[3214/3086845632] [08/04/24 14:35:24] [INFO] IM: finished.
(3)、删除用户
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlmanager --drop-user
WARNING: This program is deprecated and will be removed in 6.0.
[3338/3086501568] [08/04/24 14:36:42] [INFO] IM: started.
[3338/3086501568] [08/04/24 14:36:42] [INFO] Loading config file 'my.cnf'...
Enter user name: shit_all
[3338/3086501568] [08/04/24 14:36:45] [INFO] Loading the password database...
[3338/3086501568] [08/04/24 14:36:45] [INFO] Loaded user 'user_all'.
[3338/3086501568] [08/04/24 14:36:45] [INFO] Loaded user 'shit_all'.
[3338/3086501568] [08/04/24 14:36:45] [INFO] The password database loaded successfully.
[3338/3086501568] [08/04/24 14:36:45] [INFO] IM: finished.
(4)、列出当前管理用户
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlmanager --list-user
WARNING: This program is deprecated and will be removed in 6.0.
[3366/3086087872] [08/04/24 14:37:07] [INFO] IM: started.
[3366/3086087872] [08/04/24 14:37:07] [INFO] Loading config file 'my.cnf'...
[3366/3086087872] [08/04/24 14:37:07] [INFO] Loading the password database...
[3366/3086087872] [08/04/24 14:37:07] [INFO] Loaded user 'user_all'.
[3366/3086087872] [08/04/24 14:37:07] [INFO] The password database loaded successfully.
user_all
[3366/3086087872] [08/04/24 14:37:07] [INFO] IM: finished.
[root@localhost ~]#
四、远程管理
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>mysql -uuser_all -p -P1999 -h192.168.0.2
31
Enter password: ******
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 1.0-beta
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
mysql> show instances;
+---------------+--------+
| instance_name | state |
+---------------+--------+
| mysqld1 | online |
| mysqld2 | online |
+---------------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
总结：
MySQL数据库的实例管理器对于多个MySQL实例的管理是很方便的,但它本身存在两个不足：
1、不能直接进行数据库的SQL管理命令。
2、一定要确保IM进程不会突然挂掉。
