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PHP 5.0 has finally arrived. Here's a step-by-step guide to setting up a cutting-edge Web development environment with PHP 5.0, Apache 2.0, and MySQL 4.1.3.
After months of anticipation, PHP 5.0 has finally arrived. This latest rewrite of what was always an extraordinarily full-featured scripting language has a bunch of changes that will endear it to both novice and experienced programmers: a built-in SQLite database, more consistent implementation of the XML API through libxml2, a redesigned object model, and a brand-new Zend Engine.
You definitely want to begin using PHP 5.0 for your development activities. And since you're going to have to compile and install it anyway, why not upgrade your entire LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) development environment? After all, there have been a series of new releases over the past few months: MySQL 4.1.3, with support for character sets, collations, subqueries, and transaction savepoints; Apache 2.0 is stable; and your Linux vendor almost certainly has a new distro you're dying to try out.
I'm going to run you through the process of setting up a cutting-edge development environment for Web scripting with PHP, using PHP 5.0, Apache 2.0, and MySQL 4.1.3. Start your terminals and warm up the compilers. Let's get going!
The basics
I'm assuming that you already have a version of Linux installed and it's operational. Make sure you have a working C compiler, or you won't be able to proceed.
You also need to make sure you have downloaded all the relevant software:
The latest binary version of MySQL (currently MySQL 4.1.3-beta), available from MySQL.com
The latest version of PHP (currently PHP 5.0.0), from Php.net
The latest version of Apache 2 (currently Apache 2.0.50), from Apache.org
Important note: As of this writing, the combination of Apache 2.0 and PHP 5.0 is not completely thread-safe and should not be used together in high-volume production systems. However, the combination should be fine for development systems.
You may also need the following support libraries:
The latest libxml2 library (currently libxml2 2.6.11), from XmlSoft.org
The latest zlib library (currently zlib 1.2.1), from Gzip.org
Copy all of these to your /tmp directory and decompress them as follows:
$ cd /tmp
$ tar -xzvf mysql-standard-4.1.3-beta-pc-linux-i686.tar.gz
$ tar -xzvf php-5.0.0.tar.gz
$ tar -xzvf httpd-2.0.50.tar.gz
$ tar -xzvf libxml2-2.6.11.tar.gz
$ tar -xzvf zlib-1.2.1.tar.gz
Installing the support libraries
First, check if you need to install libxml2 or zlib. PHP 5.0 requires libxml2 2.6.0 (or better) and zlib 1.0.9 (or better). If you don't have both of these, keep reading; otherwise, skip to the next section.
To begin, compile and install the libxml2 XML parser, which provides the base for the new XML API in PHP 5.0:
$ cd /tmp/libxml2-2.6.11
$ ./configure
$ make && make install
At the end of this, libxml2 should be installed under /usr/local/. If you want this installed elsewhere, you should specify the --prefix option to the configure script in the previous step.
Next, do the same for zlib, which provides compression services for a number of extensions:
$ cd /tmp/zlib-1.2.1
$ ./configure
$ make && make install
At the end of this, zlib should also be installed under /usr/local/. As before, you can use the --prefix option to install it somewhere other than the default.
With the support libraries now available, we can proceed to install MySQL. PHP 5.0 no longer comes with its own version of the MySQL client library because of licencing conflicts (see the database documentation for more details), so to add MySQL support to your PHP build, you have to link it against an already-existing MySQL installation.
PHP 5.0 comes with a brand-spanking-new MySQL extension called MySQLi (MySQL Improved), which supports all the new features in MySQL. However, this extension is available only for MySQL 4.1.2 or better, which is still in beta. You should use it only on development systems. If you're installing PHP on a production system, you can, of course, install an older, more stable version of MySQL and use the older MySQL extension that doesn't support the new capabilities.
Detailed installation instructions for MySQL are provided in the download archive, but here's a fast recap:
Move the decompressed MySQL archive to /usr/local/mysql.
$ mv /tmp/mysql-standard-4.1.3-beta-pc-linux-i686
/usr/local/mysql
Create a user and group for MySQL.
$ groupadd mysql
$ useradd -g mysql mysql
Initialise the MySQL grant tables with the provided mysql_install_db script.
$ /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db
--user=mysql [/output]
Give the MySQL user rights to the MySQL directory.
$ chown -R root /usr/local/mysql
$ chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql
$ chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
Start the MySQL server.
$ /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
mysql.server start [/output]
At this point, also check to make sure that the MySQL server socket has been created in /tmp—it usually has a name like mysql.sock.
Installing Apache
There are two ways of using PHP with Apache: as a dynamic module that can be loaded into the Web server at run-time, or as a static module that is directly compiled into the Web server code. For this tutorial, I'm going with the first option.
To enable dynamic loading of PHP as an Apache 2.0 module, the Apache server must be compiled with Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) support. This feature can be enabled by passing the --enable-so option to the Apache 2.0 configure script:
$ cd /tmp/httpd-2.0.50
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-so $ make
&& make install
This should configure, compile, and install the server to /usr/local/apache2.
With both MySQL and Apache installed, the final step is to compile and install PHP. The most important step in this process involves providing the PHP configure script with a list of extensions to activate, as well as the correct file paths for the external libraries needed. Listing A contains an example:
Listing A
$ cd /tmp/php-5.0.0
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs
--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/lib
--with-zlib --with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/lib
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
--with-gd --enable-soap --enable-sockets This might look gut-wrenchingly complicated, but it's really not:
The --prefix argument sets the installation path for the PHP 5.0 binaries.
The --with-apxs2 argument tells PHP where to find Apache 2.0 and its apxs script (used to handle extensions).
The --with-libxml-dir and --with-zlib-dir arguments tell PHP where to locate the libxml2 and zlib libraries. Note that you need to use these options only if you compiled and installed the libraries yourself; if you're using your distribution's default libraries, PHP should be able to find them automatically.
The --with-mysql argument activates the regular MySQL extension. Note that in PHP 5.0, this is not active by default (as it was in PHP 4.0) and must be explicitly named in configure to be activated.
The --with-mysqli argument activates the new MySQL Improved extension (for MySQL 4.1.2+ only), and must point to the mysql_config script that comes with MySQL 4.x.
The --with-gd argument activates the GD extension for dynamic image creation.
The --with-zlib argument activates the ZLIB compression library for on-the-fly data compression.
The --enable-sockets argument activates socket communication features.
The --enable-soap argument activates support for SOAP and Web services.
A number of other options and extensions are also possible—try
$ ./configure --help
for a complete list.
Once the configure script finishes processing, you can compile and install PHP.
$ make
$ make install
Note that the installation process is intelligent enough to place the PHP module in the correct directory for Apache 2.0 to find it.
Configuring and testing Apache with PHP
Done? Well, not quite. The final step consists of configuring Apache to recognise PHP scripts (named with the extension .php) and then hand them over to the PHP interpreter for processing. To do this, edit the Apache configuration file, /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf, and add the following line to it:
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
Save the file and then start the server:
$ /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start [/output]
Tip: You can add the command line above to your startup scripts: /etc/rc.local is a good bet—so that the server starts automatically on next boot.
You can now test whether all is working as it should by creating a simple test script in the server's document root: /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/.
Name the script test.php, and populate it with these lines:
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
Save the file and then point your browser to http://localhost/test.php.
You'll see a page containing information on the PHP build, like this:
Figure A
In case you don't see this, try troubleshooting with the installation guide. And if you do...well, your cutting-edge LAMP environment is now good to go! Have fun!
