17.7.1 Field-like events

王朝other·作者佚名  2006-05-15
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Within the program text of the class or struct that contains the declaration

of an event, certain events can be used

like fields. To be used in this way, an event must not be abstract or

extern, and must not explicitly include

event-accessor-declarations. Such an event can be used in any context that

permits a field. The field contains a

delegate (§22), which refers to the list of event handlers that have been

added to the event. If no event handlers

have been added, the field contains null.

[Example: In the example

public delegate void EventHandler(object sender, EventArgs e);

public class Button: Control

{

public event EventHandler Click;

protected void OnClick(EventArgs e) {

if (Click != null) Click(this, e);

}

public void Reset() {

Click = null;

}

}

Click is used as a field within the Button class. As the example

demonstrates, the field can be examined,

modified, and used in delegate invocation expressions. The OnClick method

in the Button class ?raises? the

Click event. The notion of raising an event is precisely equivalent to

invoking the delegate represented by the

event?thus, there are no special language constructs for raising events.

Note that the delegate invocation is

preceded by a check that ensures the delegate is non-null.

Outside the declaration of the Button class, the Click member can only be

used on the left-hand side of the +=

and ?= operators, as in

b.Click += new EventHandler(?);

which appends a delegate to the invocation list of the Click event, and

b.Click ?= new EventHandler(?);

which removes a delegate from the invocation list of the Click event. end

example]

When compiling a field-like event, the compiler automatically creates

storage to hold the delegate, and creates

accessors for the event that add or remove event handlers to the delegate

field. In order to be thread-safe, the

addition or removal operations are done while holding the lock (§15.12) on

the containing object for an instance

event, or the type object (§14.5.11) for a static event.

[Note: Thus, an instance event declaration of the form:

class X

{

public event D Ev;

}

could be compiled to something equivalent to:

class X

{

private D __Ev; // field to hold the delegate

Chapter 17 Classes

249

public event D Ev {

add {

lock(this) { __Ev = __Ev + value; }

}

remove {

lock(this) { __Ev = __Ev - value; }

}

}

}

Within the class X, references to Ev are compiled to reference the hidden

field __Ev instead. The name ?__Ev? is

arbitrary; the hidden field could have any name or no name at all.

Similarly, a static event declaration of the form:

class X

{

public static event D Ev;

}

could be compiled to something equivalent to:

class X

{

private static D __Ev; // field to hold the delegate

public static event D Ev {

add {

lock(typeof(X)) { __Ev = __Ev + value; }

}

remove {

lock(typeof(X)) { __Ev = __Ev - value; }

}

}

}

end note]

 
 
 
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