作者：徐长友
一．概述：
本文通过一个实例向大家介绍用C# Builder进行Internet通讯编程的一些基本知识。我们知道.Net类包含了请求/响应层、应用协议层、传输层等层次。在本程序中，我们运用了位于请求/响应层的WebRequest类以及WebClient类等来实现高抽象程度的Internet通讯服务。本程序的功能是完成文件的下载。
二．实现原理：
程序实现的原理比较简单，主要用到了WebClient类和FileStream类。其中WebClient类处于System.Net名字空间中，该类的主要功能是提供向URI标识的资源发送数据和从URI标识的资源接收数据的公共方法。我们利用其中的DownFile()方法将文件下载到本地。然后用FileStream类的实例对象以数据流的方式将文件数据写入本地文件。这样就完成了文件的下载。
三．实现步骤：
1.首先，打开C# Builder，File->New->C# Application，Name这里我们设为"download"。
2.主界界的设置。text设为“文件下载”,StartPosition设为CenterScreen,MaximizeBox设为False,我们在主窗体上添加如下控件：两个标签控件label1,label2、一个文本框控件textBox1、一个按钮控件button1以及一个进度条控件progressBar1。
label1：text为URL;Label2：text为下载进度;textBox1:text设为空;button1：text设为下载;
3.程序的编码
//过程downfile，用于完成文件的下载
private void downfile()
{
string FileName;
WebClient DownFile=new WebClient();
long fbytes;
if (textBox1.Text!="")
{
saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog();
FileName=saveFileDialog1.FileName;
if(FileName!= "")
{
//取得文件大小
WebRequest wr_request=WebRequest.Create(textBox1.Text);
WebResponse wr_response=wr_request.GetResponse();
fbytes=wr_response.ContentLength;
progressBar1.Maximum=(int)fbytes;
progressBar1.Step=1;
wr_response.Close();
//开始下载数据
DownFile.DownloadData(textBox1.Text);
Stream strm = DownFile.OpenRead(textBox1.Text);
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(strm);
byte[] mbyte = new byte[fbytes];
int allmybyte = (int)mbyte.Length;
int startmbyte = 0;
while(fbytes>0)
{
int m = strm.Read(mbyte,startmbyte,allmybyte);
if(m==0) break;
startmbyte+=m;
allmybyte-=m;
progressBar1.value+=m;
}
FileStream fstrm = new FileStream(FileName,FileMode.OpenOrCreate,FileAccess.Write);
fstrm.Write(mbyte,0,startmbyte);
strm.Close();
fstrm.Close();
progressBar1.value=progressBar1.Maximum;
}
} else
{
MessageBox.Show("没有输入要下载的文件！");
}
}
//双击“下载”按钮，输入以下代码：
Thread th = new Thread(new ThreadStart(downfile));
th.Start();
//完整的代码如下：
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
namespace download
{
/// <summary>
/// Summary description for WinForm.
/// </summary>
public class WinForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
/// <summary>
/// Required designer variable.
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
private System.Windows.Forms.SaveFileDialog saveFileDialog1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
private System.Windows.Forms.ProgressBar progressBar1;
public WinForm()
{
//
// Required for Windows Form Designer support
//
InitializeComponent();
//
// TODO: Add any constructor code after InitializeComponent call
//
}
/// <summary>
/// Clean up any resources being used.
/// </summary>
protected override void Dispose (bool disposing)
{
if (disposing)
{
if (components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
#region Windows Form Designer generated code
/// <summary>
/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.saveFileDialog1 = new System.Windows.Forms.SaveFileDialog();
this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.progressBar1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ProgressBar();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// label1
//
this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 40);
this.label1.Name = "label1";
this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(40, 16);
this.label1.TabIndex = 0;
this.label1.Text = "URL：";
//
// textBox1
//
this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(72, 36);
this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(256, 21);
this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;
this.textBox1.Text = "";
//
// button1
//
this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(256, 120);
this.button1.Name = "button1";
this.button1.TabIndex = 2;
this.button1.Text = "下载";
this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
//
// label2
//
this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 80);
this.label2.Name = "label2";
this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(72, 23);
this.label2.TabIndex = 3;
this.label2.Text = "下载进度：";
//
// progressBar1
//
this.progressBar1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(72, 80);
this.progressBar1.Name = "progressBar1";
this.progressBar1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(256, 16);
this.progressBar1.TabIndex = 4;
//
// WinForm
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(360, 173);
this.Controls.Add(this.progressBar1);
this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
this.MaximizeBox = false;
this.Name = "WinForm";
this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
this.Text = "文件下载";
this.ResumeLayout(false);
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// The main entry point for the application.
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new WinForm());
}
private void downfile()
{
string FileName;
WebClient DownFile=new WebClient();
long fbytes;
if (textBox1.Text!="")
{
saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog();
FileName=saveFileDialog1.FileName;
if(FileName!= "")
{
//取得文件大小
WebRequest wr_request=WebRequest.Create(textBox1.Text);
WebResponse wr_response=wr_request.GetResponse();
fbytes=wr_response.ContentLength;
progressBar1.Maximum=(int)fbytes;
progressBar1.Step=1;
wr_response.Close();
//开始下载数据
DownFile.DownloadData(textBox1.Text);
Stream strm = DownFile.OpenRead(textBox1.Text);
StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(strm);
byte[] mbyte = new byte[fbytes];
int allmybyte = (int)mbyte.Length;
int startmbyte = 0;
while(fbytes>0)
{
int m = strm.Read(mbyte,startmbyte,allmybyte);
if(m==0) break;
startmbyte+=m;
allmybyte-=m;
progressBar1.value+=m;
}
FileStream fstrm = new FileStream(FileName,FileMode.OpenOrCreate,FileAccess.Write);
fstrm.Write(mbyte,0,startmbyte);
strm.Close();
fstrm.Close();
progressBar1.value=progressBar1.Maximum;
}
} else
{
MessageBox.Show("没有输入要下载的文件！");
}
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
Thread th = new Thread(new ThreadStart(downfile));
th.Start();
}
}
}
4.按F9运行程序，输入一下载地址，点“下载”按钮试试。
四．结束语：
以上用一个简单的例子向大家展示了如何用C# Builder实现文件的下载，我们不难发现用C# Builder进行Internet通讯编程是非常方便的。在上面的程序中，我们仅仅用到了WebClient类的一些方法，而WebClient类不只是提供了文件下载的方法，还提供了文件上传等方法，有兴趣的读者不妨自己试试，查查帮助。
程序中使用了多线程，这是因为WebClient类占有的资源校大，在下载文件会使整个窗口的显示不完整。如果不用多线程的话，下载文件的时候，你根本没法移动窗口或进行其它的一些操作。
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