利用 WMI 修改计算机的网络设置
Montaque（侯永锋）
申明：
1、个人的一点心得，仅供参考
2、转载时候，请保留原本
概述：
在前面的文章中，简要的介绍了如何利用 WMI 获取系统的软硬件设置，有兴趣的可以参考上篇文章（http://www.csdn.net/develop/read_article.asp?id=15744）。今天，我们就如何利用编程的方式读写系统的网络设置，主要包括本地网卡的 IP 地址、网络掩码以及 DNS 服务器和网关等。主要利用Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration WMI 类。
思路：
ManagementObject 类表示数据管理对象，通过利用WQL(WMI Query Language) 筛选符合条件的管理对象，然后调用Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration 类的设置方法。对于 ManagementObject 对象，可以把调用方法的名称和参数传递给InvokeMethod 方法，以获得对管理对象类的方法调用。
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration 类包含了计算机网络适配器设置相关的一些属性和方法。该类支持与具体网络适配器无关的 TCP/IP 协议和 IPX 协议管理的一些方法和属性。
下面列出了一些 Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration 的属性（托管对象格式）
class Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration : CIM_Setting
{
boolean ArpAlwaysSourceRoute;
boolean ArpUseEtherSNAP;
string Caption;
string DatabasePath;
boolean DeadGWDetectEnabled;
string DefaultIPGateway[];
uint8 DefaultTOS;
uint8 DefaultTTL;
string Description;
boolean DHCPEnabled;
datetime DHCPLeaseExpires;
datetime DHCPLeaseObtained;
string DHCPServer;
string DNSDomain;
string DNSDomainSuffixSearchOrder[];
boolean DNSEnabledForWINSResolution;
string DNSHostName;
string DNSServerSearchOrder[];
boolean DomainDNSRegistrationEnabled;
uint32 ForwardBufferMemory;
boolean FullDNSRegistrationEnabled;
uint16 GatewayCostMetric[];
uint8 IGMPLevel;
uint32 Index;
uint32 InterfaceIndex;
string IPAddress[];
uint32 IPConnectionMetric;
boolean IPEnabled;
boolean IPFilterSecurityEnabled;
boolean IPPortSecurityEnabled;
string IPSecPermitIPProtocols[];
string IPSecPermitTCPPorts[];
string IPSecPermitUDPPorts[];
string IPSubnet[];
boolean IPUseZeroBroadcast;
string IPXAddress;
boolean IPXEnabled;
uint32 IPXFrameType[];
uint32 IPXMediaType;
string IPXNetworkNumber[];
string IPXVirtualNetNumber;
uint32 KeepAliveInterval;
uint32 KeepAliveTime;
string MACAddress;
uint32 MTU;
uint32 NumForwardPackets;
boolean PMTUBHDetectEnabled;
boolean PMTUDiscoveryEnabled;
string ServiceName;
string SettingID;
uint32 TcpipNetbiosOptions;
uint32 TcpMaxConnectRetransmissions;
uint32 TcpMaxDataRetransmissions;
uint32 TcpNumConnections;
boolean TcpUseRFC1122UrgentPointer;
uint16 TcpWindowSize;
boolean WINSEnableLMHostsLookup;
string WINSHostLookupFile;
string WINSPrimaryServer;
string WINSScopeID;
string WINSSecondaryServer;
};
我们可以利用下列代码获取网卡的设置：
代码：
Imports System.Management
Dim searcher As New ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration ")
Dim share As ManagementObject
For Each share In searcher.Get()
MessageBox.Show(share.GetText(TextFormat.Mof))
Next share
结果：
instance of Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
{
Caption = "[00000001] Intel(R) PRO/100 S Desktop Adapter";
DatabasePath = "%SystemRoot%\\System32\\drivers\\etc";
DefaultIPGateway = {"192.168.0.254"}; ‘网关
Description = "Intel(R) PRO/100 S Desktop Adapter"; ‘这个是惟一的
DHCPEnabled = FALSE;
DNSEnabledForWINSResolution = FALSE;
DNSHostName = "monkey";
DNSServerSearchOrder = {"192.168.0.254", "202.120.190.208"}; ‘两个备选 DNS
DomainDNSRegistrationEnabled = FALSE;
FullDNSRegistrationEnabled = TRUE;
GatewayCostMetric = {1};
Index = 1;
InterfaceIndex = 65539;
IPAddress = {"192.168.0.161"}; ‘本地的 IP
IPConnectionMetric = 20;
IPEnabled = TRUE;
IPFilterSecurityEnabled = FALSE;
IPSecPermitIPProtocols = {"0"};
IPSecPermitTCPPorts = {"0"};
IPSecPermitUDPPorts = {"0"};
IPSubnet = {"255.255.255.0"}; ‘ 掩码
IPXEnabled = FALSE;
MACAddress = "52:54:AB:DD:64:03";
ServiceName = "E100B";
SettingID = "{F5553268-53F8-48F6-A818-1432EEE04AE1}";
TcpipNetbiosOptions = 0;
WINSEnableLMHostsLookup = TRUE;
WINSScopeID = "";
};
如何改变网卡的这些设置呢？我们直接利用 Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration 的一些方法。我们利用到的方法主要有以下：
EnableStatic
启用静态的 TCP/IP 设置，输入两个参数一个是本地
IP 地址，另外一个是网络掩码。
// 一般我们都是利用这个方法设置网卡的 IP 属性
SetGateways
指定一系列的网关
SetDNSServerSearchOrder
以数组的形式传入 DNS 列表
下面是一个 Snippet ，根据列表框显示的网卡 Description 的不同，设置对应地网卡。
主要的代码：
Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
GetAllConfigurationalleNetCard()
End Sub
‘修改设置
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim searcher As New ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration WHERE Description=""" & Me.ComboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString & """")
Dim share As ManagementObject
Dim iResult As Integer = 0 ‘ 判断是否修改成功。如果成功，后面的三个方法返回值都是0，注意返回的值是 Uint32 类型。
For Each share In searcher.Get()
Console.WriteLine(share.GetText(TextFormat.Mof))
If Not (share.Item("IPAddress") Is Nothing) Then
'set address
Dim ipAddresses() As String = {TextBox1.Text} ‘ IP 地址
Dim ipSubnetmask() As String = {TextBox2.Text} ‘掩码
Dim objpara() As Object = {ipAddresses, ipSubnetmask}
iResult += Convert.ToInt32(share.InvokeMethod("EnableStatic", objpara))
Dim ipGateWay() As String = {TextBox3.Text} ‘网关
Dim GatewayCostMetric() As UInt16 = {UInt16.Parse("1")}
Dim objpara1() As Object = {ipGateWay, GatewayCostMetric}
iResult += Convert.ToInt32(share.InvokeMethod("SetGateways", objpara1))
'set Dns Server Serach Order
‘ 多个dns 中间以减号分开
If Me.TextBox4.Text.IndexOf("-") > 0 Then
Dim dnsServers As String() = TextBox4.Text.Split("-")
Dim objpara2() As Object = {dnsServers}
iResult += Convert.ToInt32(share.InvokeMethod("SetDNSServerSearchOrder", objpara2))
Else
Dim dnsServers As String() = {Me.TextBox4.Text}
Dim objpara2() As Object = {dnsServers}
iResult += Convert.ToInt32(share.InvokeMethod("SetDNSServerSearchOrder", objpara2))
End If
If iResult = 0 Then
MessageBox.Show("修改成功")
Else
MessageBox.Show("修改失败，检查输入的格式和您是否有权限")
End If
End If
Next share
End Sub
‘ 获取网卡列表
Private Sub GetAllConfigurationalleNetCard()
Dim searcher As New ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration")
Dim share As ManagementObject
Me.ComboBox1.Items.Clear()
For Each share In searcher.Get()
If Not (share.Item("IPAddress") Is Nothing) Then
Me.ComboBox1.Items.Add(share("Description"))
End If
Next share
Me.ComboBox1.SelectedIndex = 0
End Sub
‘获取网卡的详细信息
Private Sub GetConfiguraton(ByVal description As String)
If description Is Nothing Or description.Length = 0 Then
Exit Sub
Else
Dim searcher As New ManagementObjectSearcher("SELECT * FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration WHERE Description=""" & description & """")
Dim share As ManagementObject
For Each share In searcher.Get()
Me.TextBox1.Text = DirectCast(share.Item("IPAddress"), String())(0).ToString
Me.TextBox2.Text = DirectCast(share.Item("IPSubnet"), String())(0).ToString
Me.TextBox3.Text = DirectCast(share.Item("DefaultIPGateway"), String())(0).ToString
Dim i As Integer
Me.TextBox4.Clear()
For i = 0 To DirectCast(share.Item("DNSServerSearchOrder"), String()).GetLength(0) - 1
Me.TextBox4.Text &= DirectCast(share.Item("DNSServerSearchOrder"), String())(i).ToString & "-"
Next
If i >= 2 Then
Me.TextBox4.ForeColor = SystemColors.HotTrack
Else
Me.TextBox4.ForeColor = Me.TextBox3.ForeColor
End If
Me.TextBox4.Text = Me.TextBox4.Text.Remove(Me.TextBox4.Text.Length - 1, 1)
Me.TextBox5.Text = share.Item("MACAddress").ToString
Exit For
Next share
End If
End Sub
需要注意的地方：
InvokeMethod 传递的调用方法参数是 Object 类型，需要装箱操作。
EnableStatic SetGateways SetDNSServerSearchOrder 的返回值都是 Uint32，如果执行成功返回0，如果执行成功并且需要重启计算机则返回1。
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration 方法的这些属性一般都是只读的，调用管理对象的SetPropertyValue 方法无效。
参考：
ms-help://MS.VSCC.2003/MS.MSDNQTR.2003FEB.2052/wmisdk/wmi/win32_networkadapterconfiguration.htm
如果需要详细的代码示例，请给我发 Email: Rainman_am_I@hotmail.com 请不要发超过100k的附件，否则直接被 Block 掉：）
2003-10-03 上海
