在VB中使用WMI获取系统硬件和软件有关信息
简介:
WMI是英文Windows Management
Instrumentation的简写，它的功能主要是：访问本地主机的一些信息和服务，可以管理远程计算机（当然你必须要拥有足够的权限），比如：重启，关机，关闭进程，创建进程等。
实例如下:
'用WMI,先工程-引用 Microsoft WMI Scripting V1.1 Library
获取显卡/声卡/内存/操作系统的信息
声卡信息
Private Sub wmiSoundDeviceInfo()
Dim wmiObjSet As SWbemObjectSet
Dim obj As SWbemObject
Set wmiObjSet = GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}"). _
InstancesOf("Win32_SoundDevice")
On Local Error Resume Next
For Each obj In wmiObjSet
MsgBox obj.ProductName
Next
End Sub
显卡信息
Private Sub wmiVideoControllerInfo()
Dim wmiObjSet As SWbemObjectSet
Dim obj As SWbemObject
Set wmiObjSet = GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}"). _
InstancesOf("Win32_VideoController")
On Local Error Resume Next
For Each obj In wmiObjSet
MsgBox obj.VideoProcessor
Next
End Sub
内存信息
Private Sub wmiPhysicalMemoryInfo()
Dim wmiObjSet As SWbemObjectSet
Dim obj As SWbemObject
Set wmiObjSet = GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}"). _
InstancesOf("Win32_PhysicalMemory")
On Local Error Resume Next
For Each objItem In wmiObjSet
Debug.Print "BankLabel: " & objItem.BankLabel
Debug.Print "Capacity: " & objItem.Capacity
Debug.Print "Caption: " & objItem.Caption
Debug.Print "CreationClassName: " & objItem.CreationClassName
Debug.Print "DataWidth: " & objItem.DataWidth
Debug.Print "Description: " & objItem.Description
Debug.Print "DeviceLocator: " & objItem.DeviceLocator
Debug.Print "FormFactor: " & objItem.FormFactor
Debug.Print "HotSwappable: " & objItem.HotSwappable
Debug.Print "InstallDate: " & objItem.InstallDate
Debug.Print "InterleaveDataDepth: " & objItem.InterleaveDataDepth
Debug.Print "InterleavePosition: " & objItem.InterleavePosition
Debug.Print "Manufacturer: " & objItem.Manufacturer
Debug.Print "MemoryType: " & objItem.MemoryType
Debug.Print "Model: " & objItem.Model
Debug.Print "Name: " & objItem.name
Debug.Print "OtherIdentifyingInfo: " & objItem.OtherIdentifyingInfo
Debug.Print "PartNumber: " & objItem.PartNumber
Debug.Print "PositionInRow: " & objItem.PositionInRow
Debug.Print "PoweredOn: " & objItem.PoweredOn
Debug.Print "Removable: " & objItem.Removable
Debug.Print "Replaceable: " & objItem.Replaceable
Debug.Print "SerialNumber: " & objItem.SerialNumber
Debug.Print "SKU: " & objItem.SKU
Debug.Print "Speed: " & objItem.Speed
Debug.Print "Status: " & objItem.Status
Debug.Print "Tag: " & objItem.Tag
Debug.Print "TotalWidth: " & objItem.TotalWidth
Debug.Print "TypeDetail: " & objItem.TypeDetail
Debug.Print "Version: " & objItem.Version
Next
End Sub
操作系统信息
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim wmiObjSet As SWbemObjectSet
Dim obj As SWbemObject
Dim msg As String
Dim dtb As String
Dim d As String
Dim t As String
Dim bias As Long
On Local Error Resume Next
Set wmiObjSet = GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}").InstancesOf("Win32_OperatingSystem")
For Each obj In wmiObjSet
MsgBox "你当前使用的系统是 " & obj.Caption
Next
End Sub
说明:
大家可能会发现一个规律,实际上WMI对信息的提取都是使用了WIN32_类库名这样的规律,下列表格就是微软的操作系统各种硬件类的描述
其它WMI管理的类的信息在
可以找到,其中也还有部分示例代码
简单Win_32类表
Win32 Classes
Microsoft® Windows® classes give you the means to manipulate a variety of objects. The following table identifies the categories of Windows classes.
Category
Description
Classes that represent hardware related objects.
Classes that represent operating system related objects.
Classes that represent software related objects.
Classes used to manage WMI.
Classes that represent formatted and raw performance data.
硬件类
Computer System Hardware Classes
he Cooling Devices subcategory groups classes that represent instrumentable fans, temperature probes, and refrigeration devices.
Class
Description
Represents the properties of a fan device in the computer system.
Represents the properties of a heat pipe cooling device.
Represents the properties of a refrigeration device.
Represents the properties of a temperature sensor (electronic thermometer).
Input Device Classes
The Input Devices subcategory groups classes that represent keyboards and pointing devices.
Class
Description
Represents a keyboard installed on a Windows system.
Represents an input device used to point to and select regions on the display of a Windows computer system.
Mass Storage Classes
Classes in the Mass Storage subcategory represent storage devices such as hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, and tape drives.
Class
Description
Represents the settings for the autocheck operation of a disk.
Represents a CD-ROM drive on a Windows computer system.
Represents a physical disk drive as seen by a computer running the Windows operating system.
Manages the capabilities of a floppy disk drive.
Represents any type of documentation or storage medium.
Represents a tape drive on a Windows computer.
Motherboard, Controller, and Port Classes
The Motherboard, Controllers, and Ports subcategory groups classes that represent system devices. Examples include system memory, cache memory, and controllers.
Class
Description
Represents the capabilities and management of a 1394 controller.
Relates the high-speed serial bus (IEEE 1394 Firewire) Controller and the CIM_LogicalDevice instance connected to it.
Relates a logical device to a system resource.
Win32_AssociatedProcessorMemory
Relates a processor and its cache memory.
Represents a baseboard (also known as a motherboard or system board).
Represents the attributes of the computer system's basic input/output services (BIOS) that are installed on the computer.
Represents a physical bus as seen by a Windows operating system.
Represents cache memory (internal and external) on a computer system.
Represents the hubs downstream from the universal serial bus (USB) controller.
Relates a system bus and a logical device using the bus.
Represents a device memory address on a Windows system.
Relates a logical device and a setting that can be applied to it.
Represents a direct memory access (DMA) channel on a Windows computer system.
Represents the capabilities and management capacity of a floppy disk drive controller.
Represents the capabilities of an Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) controller device.
Association class that relates an IDE controller and the logical device.
Represents the capabilities and management of an infrared device.
Represents an interrupt request line (IRQ) number on a Windows computer system.
Represents the properties of the computer system memory array and mapped addresses.
Relates a logical memory array and the physical memory array upon which it exists.
Represents the properties of a computer system's memory device along with it's associated mapped addresses.
Relates a memory device and the memory array in which it resides.
Association class that relates a memory device and the physical memory on which it exists.
Represents a device that contains the central components of the Windows computer system.
Represents common adapter devices built into the motherboard (system board).
Represents the properties of a parallel port on a Windows computer system.
Manages the capabilities of a Personal Computer Memory Card Interface Adapter (PCMCIA) controller device.
Represents a physical memory device located on a computer as available to the operating system.
Represents details about the computer system's physical memory.
Relates an array of physical memory and its physical memory.
Represents an association between logical devices and system resources.
Relates a device (known to Configuration Manager as a PNPEntity), and the function it performs.
Represents the properties of a Plug and Play device.
Represents physical connection ports, such as DB-25 pin male, Centronics, and PS/2.
Represents an I/O port on a Windows computer system.
Represents a device capable of interpreting a sequence of machine instructions on a Windows computer system.
Represents a small computer system interface (SCSI) controller on a Windows system.
Relates a SCSI controller and the logical device (disk drive) connected to it.
Represents a serial port on a Windows system.
Represents the settings for data transmission on a Windows serial port.
Relates a serial port and its configuration settings.
Represents the capabilities and management of memory-related logical devices.
Represents the properties of a sound device on a Windows computer system.
Relates a computer system (including data such as startup properties, time zones, boot configurations, or administrative passwords) and a system BIOS (services, languages, system management properties).
Relates a Plug and Play device on the Windows computer system and the driver that supports the Plug and Play device.
Represents the properties associated with a physical system enclosure.
Represents a system memory resource on a Windows system.
Represents physical connection points including ports, motherboard slots and peripherals, and proprietary connections points.
Manages the capabilities of a universal serial bus (USB) controller.
Relates a USB controller and the CIM_LogicalDevice instances connected to it.
Represents the management characteristics of a USB hub.
Networking Device Classes
The Networking Devices subcategory groups classes that represent the network interface controller, its configurations, and its settings.
Class
Description
Represents a network adapter on a Windows system.
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
Represents the attributes and behaviors of a network adapter. The class is not guaranteed to be supported after the ratification of the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) CIM network specification.
Relates a network adapter and its configuration settings.
Power Classes
The Power subcategory groups classes that represent power supplies, batteries, and events related to these devices.
Class
Description
Relates a logical device and the battery it is using.
Represents a battery connected to the computer system.
Represents the properties of a current monitoring sensor (ammeter).
Represents the properties of a portable battery, such as one used for a notebook computer.
Represents power management events resulting from power state changes.
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
Represents the capabilities and management capacity of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS).
Represents the properties of a voltage sensor (electronic voltmeter).
Printing Classes
The Printing subcategory groups classes that represent printers, printer configurations, and print jobs.
Class
Description
Relates a printer to a printer driver.
Represents a device connected to a Windows computer system that is capable of reproducing a visual image on a medium.
Defines the configuration for a printer device.
Relates a printer and the local device to which the printer is connected.
Represents the drivers for a Win32_Printer instance.
Relates a local printer and its driver file (not the driver itself).
Relates a printer and its configuration settings.
Represents a print job generated by a Windows application.
Represents a TCP/IP service access point.
Telephony Classes
The Telephony subcategory groups classes that represent "plain old telephone" modem devices and their associated serial connections.
Class
Description
Represents the services and characteristics of a Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) modem on a Windows system.
Relates a modem and the serial port the modem uses.
Video and Monitor Classes
The Video and Monitors subcategory groups classes that represent monitors, video cards, and their associated settings.
Class
Description
Represents the type of monitor or display device attached to the computer system.
Represents configuration information for the display device on a Windows system. This class is obsolete. In place of this class, use the properties in the Win32_VideoController, Win32_DesktopMonitor, and CIM_VideoControllerResolution classes.
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
Represents the video adapter configuration information of a Windows system. This class is obsolete. In place of this class, use the properties in the Win32_VideoController, Win32_DesktopMonitor, and CIM_VideoControllerResolution classes.
This class has been eliminated from Windows XP and later; attempts to use it will generate a fatal error. In place of this class, use the properties contained in the Win32_VideoController, Win32_DesktopMonitor, and CIM_VideoControllerResolution classes.
Represents the capabilities and management capacity of the video controller on a Windows computer system.
Relates a video controller and video settings that can be applied to it.
而每一个类都有对应的数据结构如
显卡
class Win32_VideoController : CIM_PCVideoController
{
uint16 AcceleratorCapabilities[];
string AdapterCompatibility;
string AdapterDACType;
uint32 AdapterRAM;
uint16 Availability;
string CapabilityDescriptions[];
string Caption;
uint32 ColorTableEntries;
uint32 ConfigManagerErrorCode;
boolean ConfigManagerUserConfig;
string CreationClassName;
uint32 CurrentBitsPerPixel;
uint32 CurrentHorizontalResolution;
uint64 CurrentNumberOfColors;
uint32 CurrentNumberOfColumns;
uint32 CurrentNumberOfRows;
uint32 CurrentRefreshRate;
uint16 CurrentScanMode;
uint32 CurrentVerticalResolution;
string Description;
string DeviceID;
uint32 DeviceSpecificPens;
uint32 DitherType;
datetime DriverDate;
string DriverVersion;
boolean ErrorCleared;
string ErrorDescription;
uint32 ICMIntent;
uint32 ICMMethod;
string InfFilename;
string InfSection;
datetime InstallDate;
string InstalledDisplayDrivers;
uint32 LastErrorCode;
uint32 MaxMemorySupported;
uint32 MaxNumberControlled;
uint32 MaxRefreshRate;
uint32 MinRefreshRate;
boolean Monochrome;
string Name;
uint16 NumberOfColorPlanes;
uint32 NumberOfVideoPages;
string PNPDeviceID;
uint16 PowerManagementCapabilities[];
boolean PowerManagementSupported;
uint16 ProtocolSupported;
uint32 ReservedSystemPaletteEntries;
uint32 SpecificationVersion;
string Status;
uint16 StatusInfo;
string SystemCreationClassName;
string SystemName;
uint32 SystemPaletteEntries;
datetime TimeOfLastReset;
uint16 VideoArchitecture;
uint16 VideoMemoryType;
uint16 VideoMode;
string VideoModeDescription;
string VideoProcessor;
};
声卡等
class Win32_SoundDevice : CIM_LogicalDevice
{
uint16 Availability;
string Caption;
uint32 ConfigManagerErrorCode;
boolean ConfigManagerUserConfig;
string CreationClassName;
string Description;
string DeviceID;
uint16 DMABufferSize;
boolean ErrorCleared;
string ErrorDescription;
datetime InstallDate;
uint32 LastErrorCode;
string Manufacturer;
uint32 MPU401Address;
string Name;
string PNPDeviceID;
uint16 PowerManagementCapabilities[];
boolean PowerManagementSupported;
string ProductName;
string Status;
uint16 StatusInfo;
string SystemCreationClassName;
string SystemName;
};
class Win32_PrintJob : CIM_Job
{
string Caption;
string DataType;
string Description;
string Document;
string DriverName;
datetime ElapsedTime;
string HostPrintQueue;
datetime InstallDate;
uint32 JobId;
string JobStatus;
string Name;
string Notify;
string Owner;
uint32 PagesPrinted;
string Parameters;
string PrintProcessor;
uint32 Priority;
uint32 Size;
datetime StartTime;
string Status;
uint32 StatusMask;
datetime TimeSubmitted;
uint32 TotalPages;
datetime UntilTime;
};
如
Set wmiObjSet = GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}"). _
InstancesOf("Win32_PrintJob")
可以获得打印任务列表等信息
对于VB来讲获得系统硬件和软件信息大都使用API,现在使用WMI可以快速的实现我们的目标.如获取驱动器/显卡/共享信息等等都会变得方便和有效
