垃圾收集器
为进一步阐述RTTI的特殊用法,下面的代码模拟了一个垃圾收集器。不同种类的“垃圾”被放入一个简单的容器,以后依据他们的动态类型排序。
//: C08:Trash.h
// Describing trash.
#ifndef TRASH_H
#define TRASH_H
#include <iostream>
class Trash {
float _weight;
public:
Trash(float wt) : _weight(wt) {}
virtual float value() const = 0;
float weight() const { return _weight; }
virtual ~Trash() {
std::cout << "~Trash()" << std::endl;
}
};
class Aluminum : public Trash {
static float val;
public:
Aluminum(float wt) : Trash(wt) {}
float value() const { return val; }
static void value(float newval) {
val = newval;
}
};
class Paper : public Trash {
static float val;
public:
Paper(float wt) : Trash(wt) {}
float value() const { return val; }
static void value(float newval) {
val = newval;
}
};
class Glass : public Trash {
static float val;
public:
Glass(float wt) : Trash(wt) {}
float value() const { return val; }
static void value(float newval) {
val = newval;
}
};
#endif // TRASH_H ///:~
代表垃圾每单位价格的static值在实现文件中定义:
//: C08:Trash.cpp {O}
// A Trash Recycler.
#include "Trash.h"
float Aluminum::val = 1.67;
float Paper::val = 0.10;
float Glass::val = 0.23;
///:~
sumValue( )模版经由一个容器循环,显示和计算结果:
//: C08:Recycle.cpp
//{L} Trash
// A Trash Recycler.
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <vector>
#include "Trash.h"
#include "../purge.h"
using namespace std;
// Sums up the value of the Trash in a bin:
template<class Container>
void sumValue(Container& bin, ostream& os) {
typename Container::iterator tally = bin.begin();
float val = 0;
while(tally != bin.end()) {
val += (*tally)->weight() * (*tally)->value();
os << "weight of " << typeid(**tally).name()
<< " = " << (*tally)->weight() << endl;
++tally;
}
os << "Total value = " << val << endl;
}
int main() {
srand(time(0)); // Seed the random number generator
vector<Trash*> bin;
// Fill up the Trash bin:
for(int i = 0; i < 30; i++)
switch(rand() % 3) {
case 0 :
bin.push_back(new Aluminum((rand() % 1000)/10.0));
break;
case 1 :
bin.push_back(new Paper((rand() % 1000)/10.0));
break;
case 2 :
bin.push_back(new Glass((rand() % 1000)/10.0));
break;
}
// Note: bins hold exact type of object, not base type:
vector<Glass*> glassBin;
vector<Paper*> paperBin;
vector<Aluminum*> alumBin;
vector<Trash*>::iterator sorter = bin.begin();
// Sort the Trash:
while(sorter != bin.end()) {
Aluminum* ap = dynamic_cast<Aluminum*>(*sorter);
Paper* pp = dynamic_cast<Paper*>(*sorter);
Glass* gp = dynamic_cast<Glass*>(*sorter);
if(ap) alumBin.push_back(ap);
else if(pp) paperBin.push_back(pp);
else if(gp) glassBin.push_back(gp);
++sorter;
}
sumValue(alumBin, cout);
sumValue(paperBin, cout);
sumValue(glassBin, cout);
sumValue(bin, cout);
purge(bin);
} ///:~
垃圾被毫无类别的扔进一个简单的bin,因此具体的类型信息就丢失了。但是以后的类型能够信息必须被恢复以正确对垃圾排序,所以就用到了RTTI。
通过使用联系一个指针和type_info对象的map,该type_info对象带有一个Trash指针的vector,我们能改进这种解决办法。因为一个map需要已排序的谓词,我们提供了一个,名字叫TInfoLess,它调用type_info::before( )。当我们把Trash指针插入到map中,他们就自动和他们的type_info关键字联系起来了。注意这儿sumValue( )必须不同地被定义。
我们修改了sumValue( )来直接调用type_info::name( ),因为type_info对象作为TrashMap::value_type对的成员现在是可用的。这避免了额外的调用typeid来获得正在处理的,在程序的将来版本中必须的Trash类型。