ASP的数据库类
一、前言
提到ASP操作数据库，大多数人会想到：共用的连接字串ConStr、Conn.Open ConStr建立数据库连接、Conn.Execute SqlCmd方式执行命令、RecordSet.Open Sql,Conn,1,1取得记录集，的确这种方法被99%的人或公司采用。对于操作数据库过程中产生的错误，恐怕99%的人不会进行处理，要么在程序的开头加入on error resume next“轻松”跳过去、要么让错误信息连同错误代码一同“暴尸”在浏览者面前。对于前一种情况可能会产生让人莫明其妙的怪异结果，后一种情况，可能会在某个时间（比如连接数据库时）暴露您的敏感信息，影响网站安全。当然，还是有个别负责的程序员同志会在容易产生错误的操作后面加入if err.xxxx来处理可能的错误，但这似乎不是一个好办法，一不小心就可能漏掉了。
我至今也没有想明白，为什么在VB和ASP.NET中都存在的On Error Goto，偏偏在ASP中被取消了。
另外不得不提的是，当您在前面使用on error resume next而在后面不想resume next了，对不起，没办法，您只能把它“贯彻到底”。看看其它语言的异常机制，try..catch..finally随心所欲，真是爽酷了！
说了这么多，并不要为ASP引入诸如异常机制等新的内容，毕竟ASP语言本身也决定这是不可能实现的（ASP.NET中实现了），只是想在ASP中最普遍的也是最容易出现错误的数据库操作中，找到一种有效的错误处理方式，并把conn、RecordSet等封装起来，达到最大限度的精简。于是便有了下面的数据库类。
二、数据库类
1、功能
正如前面所说，这个类的目的是把ADODB.Connection、Adodb.Recordset等烦琐的操作封装起来并在类里实现错误处理。现在看看类的成员、属性和方法：
1）成员：（没有公有或保护成员）
2）属性：
ClassName－返回类名
Version－返回版本
LastError－返回最后的错误
IgnoreError－设置/返回是否忽略数据库错误
Connection－返回连接对象（ADODB.Connection）
ConnectionString－设置/返回连接字串（本示例为SQL Server，如为其它请根据实际设定）
FieldCount、PageSize、PageCount、AbsolutePage、AbsolutePosition、Bof、Eof－请参考Adodb.Recordset相应内容
3）方法：
Setup－设置连接数据服务器的帐号、密码、数据库名、主机/IP
Connect－连接数据库
Close－关闭数据库连接并释放资源
Query－执行数据库查询命令并返回数据集
ExeSQL－执行SQL命令（不返回数据库）
FieldName－返回指定序号的字段名
Fields－返回指定的（序号或字段名）字段的值
Data－同上
MoveNext、MovePrevious、MoveFirst、MoveLast－请参考Adodb.Recordset相应内容
2、实现代码（DBSql.inc.asp）
内容太长，点击此处打开/折叠...
<%
'=======================================================================
' CLASS NAME: clsDB
' DESIGN BY : 彭国辉
' DATE: 2003-12-18
' SITE: http://kacarton.yeah.net/
' EMAIL: kacarton@sohu.com
' MODIFY:
' 2004-6-25: 升级后的数据引擎，返回错误代号小于0（也可以是ASP对数值的
' 定义有变），修改错误检测err.number>0 ==> err.number<>0
' 2004-6-30：修改错误处理，忽略如游标类型改变等非错误性质的提示
'=======================================================================
Class clsDB
' name of this class
' var string
' @access Private
' @see property: Name
Private m_strName
' version of this class
' var string
' @access Private
' @see property: Version
Private m_strVersion
' Error Object
' @var ADODB.Connection.Errors
' @access private
' @see property: LastError
Private m_LastError
' Ingore all Connection.Errors
' var Boolean
' @access private
' @see property: IgnoreError
Private m_IgnoreError
' Connection Object
' var ADODB.Connection
' @access Private
' @see property: Connection
Private m_Connection
' Is connection to database?
' var boolean
' @Private
Private m_bIsConnect
' RecordSet
' var RecordSet
' @access Private
Private m_RecordSet
' Connection string
' var string
' @access Private
' @see property: ConnectionString
Private m_ConneStr
' Database server host name or IP
' var string
' @access Private
' @see property: Host
Private m_strHost
' Database name
' var string
' @access Private
' @see property: Database
Private m_strDatabase
' Account to connection database
' var string
' @access Private
' @see property: UserName
Private m_UserName
' Password to connection database
' var string
' @access Private
' @see property: Password
Private m_Password
' get class name attribute.
' usage: oTemplate.Name
' access public
Public Property Get ClassName()
ClassName = m_strName
End Property
' get class version attribute.
' usage: oTemplate.Version
' access public
Public Property Get Version()
Version = m_strVersion
End Property
' Get class last error messages.
' usage: oTemplate.LastError
' @access public
Public Property Get LastError()
LastError = m_LastError
End Property
' Get or Set Ignore connection.errors
Public Property Get IgnoreError()
IgnoreError = m_IgnoreError
End Property
Public Property Let IgnoreError(ByVal Value)
m_IgnoreError = Value
End Property
' Get Connection
Public Property Get Connection()
Connection = m_Connection
End Property
' Get connection string
Public Property Get ConnectionString()
ConnectionString = m_ConneStr
End Property
' Set connection string
Public Property Let ConnectionString(ByVal Value)
m_ConneStr = Value
End Property
' Get data fields count
Public Property Get FieldCount()
FieldCount = m_RecordSet.Fields.Count
End Property
' Get RecordSet PageSize
Public Property Get PageSize()
on error resume next
PageSize = m_RecordSet.PageSize
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("Can not get PageSize!")
End Property
' Set RecordSet Page Size
Public Property Let PageSize(ByVal Value)
on error resume next
m_RecordSet.PageSize = Value
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("Can not set PageSize to " & Value)
End Property
' Get RecordSet page count
Public Property Get PageCount()
PageCount = m_RecordSet.PageCount
End Property
' Get RecordSet record count
Public Property Get RecordCount()
on error resume next
RecordCount = m_RecordSet.RecordCount
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("Get RecordCount error.")
End Property
' Get RecordSet Absolute Page
Public Property Get AbsolutePage()
on error resume next
AbsolutePage = m_RecordSet.AbsolutePage
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("Can not get AbsolutePage!")
End Property
' Set RecordSet Absolute Page
Public Property Let AbsolutePage(ByVal Value)
on error resume next
m_RecordSet.AbsolutePage = Value
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("Can not set AbsolutePage to " & Value)
End Property
' Get RecordSet Absolute Position
Public Property Get AbsolutePosition()
on error resume next
AbsolutePosition = m_RecordSet.AbsolutePosition
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("Can not get AbsolutePosition!")
End Property
' Set RecordSet Absolute Position
Public Property Let AbsolutePosition(ByVal Value)
on error resume next
m_RecordSet.AbsolutePosition = Value
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("Can not set AbsolutePosition to " & Value)
End Property
' Bof
Public Property Get Bof()
Bof = m_RecordSet.Bof
end Property
' Eof
Public Property Get Eof()
Eof = m_RecordSet.EOF
end Property
'Setup the databease host name, database name, User name(account), password
Public Sub Setup(Account, Password, Database, Host)
m_UserName = Account
m_Password = Password
if Database<>"" then m_strDatabase = Database
if Host<>"" then m_strHost = Host
m_ConneStr = "Driver={SQL Server};Server=" & m_strHost & ";Database=" &_
m_strDatabase & ";Uid=" & m_UserName & ";Pwd=" & m_Password & ";"
End Sub
' Connect to database
Public Function Connect()
on error resume next
m_Connection.Open m_ConneStr
if err.number<>0 Then ShowError("数据库连接错误:(Server:" & m_strHost & ", Database:" & m_strDatabase & ")")
m_bIsConnect = true
Connect = true 'todo://
end Function
' Diconnect database
Public Function Close()
on error resume next
Set m_RecordSet = Nothing
Set m_Connection = Nothing
m_bIsConnect = false
Close = true
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("切断数据库连接时出错")
end Function
' Query
Public Sub Query(SQLCommand)
on error resume Next
if not m_bIsConnect then Connect
Set m_RecordSet = Server.CreateObject("Adodb.Recordset")
'Set m_RecordSet = m_Connection.Execute(SQLCommand)
m_RecordSet.Open SQLCommand, m_Connection, 1, 1
if err.number<>0 then ShowError(SQLCommand):exit sub
if m_Connection.Errors.Count>0 And m_IgnoreError=false then ProcessError(SQLCommand)
End Sub
' ExeSQL Command
Public Sub ExeSQL(SQLCommand)
on error resume Next
if not m_bIsConnect then Connect
m_Connection.Execute SQLCommand
if err.number<>0 then ShowError(SQLCommand):exit sub
if m_Connection.Errors.Count>0 And m_IgnoreError=false then ProcessError(SQLCommand)
End Sub
' Get Fields Name
Public Function FieldName(ByVal FieldId)
on error resume next
FieldName = m_RecordSet.Fields(FieldId).Name
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("不能读取字段" & FieldID & "名称!")
End Function
' Get fields data
Public Function Fields(ByVal FieldId)
on error resume next
Fields = m_RecordSet.Fields(FieldId)
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("不能读取字段" & FieldID & "数据!")
End Function
' Get fields data
Public Function Data(ByVal FieldId)
on error resume next
Data = m_RecordSet.Fields(FieldId)
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("不能读取" & FieldID & "数据!")
'if m_Connection.Errors.Count>0 then ShowError("不能读取" & FieldID & "数据!")
End Function
' Move to next record
Public Sub MoveNext()
on error resume next
if m_bIsConnect then m_RecordSet.MoveNext
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("MoveNext error")
End Sub
' Move to Previous record
Public Sub MovePrevious()
on error resume next
if m_bIsConnect then m_RecordSet.MovePrevious
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("MovePrevious error")
End Sub
' Move to First record
Public Sub MoveFirst()
on error resume next
if m_bIsConnect then m_RecordSet.MoveFirst
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("MoveFirst error")
End Sub
' Move to Last record
Public Sub MoveLast()
on error resume next
if m_bIsConnect then m_RecordSet.MoveLast
if err.number<>0 then ShowError("MoveLast error")
End Sub
' 2004-6-30
Private Sub ProcessError(ByVal sqltxt)
for i=0 to m_Connection.Errors.Count-1
If m_Connection.Errors.Item(i).Number<>0 Then ShowError(sqltxt)
Next
End Sub
' This function is called whenever an error occurs and will handle the error
' Additionally the error message will be saved in m_strLastError.
' @param $msg a string containing an error message
' @access private
' @return void
Private Sub ShowError(ByVal sqltxt)
for i=0 to m_Connection.Errors.Count-1
Response.Write m_Connection.Errors.Item(i) & "(" & m_Connection.Errors.Item(i).Number & ")<br>"
Next
m_LastError = Err.Description
m_Connection.Errors.Clear
Response.Write "<br>------------------------------------------------------<br>" &_
"<font color=red size=4>" & sqltxt & "</font>"
' Response.Write "<br>------------------------------------------------------<br>" &_
' "<font color=red size=4>" & Left(sqltxt, 10) & "...(错误信息已被屏蔽)，请与网站管理员联系！</font>"
' Response.End
End Sub
' Class constructor, set class default attributes, you can change it
Private Sub class_Initialize
m_strName = "clsDB"
m_strVersion = "1.0"
Set m_Connection = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
'请修改此处为你连接数据库的默认值
Setup "sa", "password", "Northwind", "(local)"
m_bIsConnect = False
m_IgnoreError = False
End Sub
' Class destructor, free memory.
Private Sub class_Terminate
Set m_RecordSet = Nothing
Set m_Connection = Nothing
End Sub
End Class
%>
3、使用示例
<!--#INCLUDE file="DBSql.inc.asp"-->
<%
Function HTMLEncode(str)
If IsNull(str) Then HTMLEncode = "(NULL)" _
Else HTMLEncode = Server.HTMLEncode(str)
End Function
Dim sql, i
Set sql = New clsDB
sql.Connect
sql.ExeSQL("update Customers set Address='中华人民共和国' where ID=1")
sql.Query("select * from Customers")
Response.Write "<table border=1><tr>"
For i=0 To sql.FieldCount-1
Response.Write "<td>" & Server.HTMLEncode(sql.FieldName(i)) & "</td>"
Next
Response.Write "</tr>"
While Not sql.Eof
For i=0 To sql.FieldCount-1
Response.Write "<td>" & HTMLEncode(sql.Data(i)) & "</td>" '此处可直接用字段名代替i
Next
Response.Write "</tr>"
sql.MoveNext
Wend
Response.Write "</table>"
sql.Close
Set sql = Nothing
%>
三、小结
这还只是一个比较粗糙的数据库类，还有很多ADODB的特性没有添加在内，而且灵活性也不够。本文旨在为大家提供另一种思路，各位在看完本文后觉得还是有一点收获的话，我就很满足了。
此外，我的下一篇文章《将ASP查询分页封装起来》中将用到这个类。
