ORACLE函数大全 - 王朝网络

SQL中的单记录函数

1.ASCII

返回与指定的字符对应的十进制数;

SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual;

A A ZERO SPACE

--------- --------- --------- ---------

65 97 48 32

2.CHR

给出整数,返回对应的字符;

SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;

ZH C

-- -

赵 A

3.CONCAT

连接两个字符串;

SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')||'转23' 高乾竞电话 from dual;

高乾竞电话

----------------

010-88888888转23

4.INITCAP

返回字符串并将字符串的第一个字母变为大写;

SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual;

UPP

-----

Smith

5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)

在一个字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回发现指定的字符的位置;

C1 被搜索的字符串

C2 希望搜索的字符串

I 搜索的开始位置,默认为1

J 出现的位置,默认为1

SQL> select instr('oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;

INSTRING

---------

6.LENGTH

返回字符串的长度;

SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst;

NAME LENGTH(NAME) ADDR LENGTH(ADDR) SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))

------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------

高乾竞 3 北京市海锭区 6 9999.99 7

7.LOWER

返回字符串,并将所有的字符小写

SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual;

AABBCCDD

--------

aabbccdd

8.UPPER

返回字符串,并将所有的字符大写

SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;

UPPER

--------

AABBCCDD

9.RPAD和LPAD(粘贴字符)

RPAD 在列的右边粘贴字符

LPAD 在列的左边粘贴字符

SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual;

LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1

-----------------

*******gao*******

不够字符则用*来填满

10.LTRIM和RTRIM

LTRIM 删除左边出现的字符串

RTRIM 删除右边出现的字符串

SQL> select ltrim(rtrim(' gao qian jing ',' '),' ') from dual;

LTRIM(RTRIM('

-------------

gao qian jing

11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)

取子字符串,从start开始,取count个

SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;

SUBSTR('

--------

08888888

12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')

string 希望被替换的字符或变量

s1 被替换的字符串

s2 要替换的字符串

SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;

REPLACE('H

----------

i love you

13.SOUNDEX

返回一个与给定的字符串读音相同的字符串

SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));

SQL> insert into table1 values('weather');

SQL> insert into table1 values('wether');

SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');

SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');

--------

weather

wether

14.TRIM('s' from 'string')

LEADING 剪掉前面的字符

TRAILING 剪掉后面的字符

如果不指定,默认为空格符

15.ABS

返回指定值的绝对值

SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;

ABS(100) ABS(-100)

--------- ---------

100 100

16.ACOS

给出反余弦的值

SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;

ACOS(-1)

---------

3.1415927

17.ASIN

给出反正弦的值

SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;

ASIN(0.5)

---------

.52359878

18.ATAN

返回一个数字的反正切值

SQL> select atan(1) from dual;

ATAN(1)

---------

.78539816

19.CEIL

返回大于或等于给出数字的最小整数

SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;

CEIL(3.1415927)

---------------

20.COS

返回一个给定数字的余弦

SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;

COS(-3.1415927)

---------------

-1

21.COSH

返回一个数字反余弦值

SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;

COSH(20)

---------

242582598

22.EXP

返回一个数字e的n次方根

SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;

EXP(2) EXP(1)

--------- ---------

7.3890561 2.7182818

23.FLOOR

对给定的数字取整数

SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;

FLOOR(2345.67)

--------------

2345

24.LN

返回一个数字的对数值

SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;

LN(1) LN(2) LN(2.7182818)

--------- --------- -------------

0 .69314718 .99999999

25.LOG(n1,n2)

返回一个以n1为底n2的对数

SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;

LOG(2,1) LOG(2,4)

--------- ---------

0 2

26.MOD(n1,n2)

返回一个n1除以n2的余数

SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;

MOD(10,3) MOD(3,3) MOD(2,3)

--------- --------- ---------

1 0 2

27.POWER

返回n1的n2次方根

SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;

POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)

----------- ----------

1024 27

28.ROUND和TRUNC

按照指定的精度进行舍入

SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;

ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)

----------- ------------ ----------- ------------

56 -55 55 -55

29.SIGN

取数字n的符号,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0

SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;

SIGN(123) SIGN(-100) SIGN(0)

--------- ---------- ---------

1 -1 0

30.SIN

返回一个数字的正弦值

SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;

SIN(1.57079)

------------

31.SIGH

返回双曲正弦的值

SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;

SIN(20) SINH(20)

--------- ---------

.91294525 242582598

32.SQRT

返回数字n的根

SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;

SQRT(64) SQRT(10)

--------- ---------

8 3.1622777

33.TAN

返回数字的正切值

SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;

TAN(20) TAN(10)

--------- ---------

2.2371609 .64836083

34.TANH

返回数字n的双曲正切值

SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;

TANH(20) TAN(20)

--------- ---------

1 2.2371609

35.TRUNC

按照指定的精度截取一个数

SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;

TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)

--------- ------------------

100 124.16

36.ADD_MONTHS

增加或减去月份

SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA

------

200002

SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA

------

199910

37.LAST_DAY

返回日期的最后一天

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S

---------- ----------

2004.05.09 2004.05.10

SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;

LAST_DAY(S

----------

31-5月 -04

38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)

给出date2-date1的月份

SQL> select months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999') mon_between from dual;

MON_BETWEEN

-----------

SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd')) mon_betw from dual;

MON_BETW

---------

-60

39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that')

给出在this时区=other时区的日期和时间

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time

2 (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual;

BJ_TIME LOS_ANGLES

------------------- -------------------

2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32

40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day')

给出日期date和星期x之后计算下一个星期的日期

SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual;

NEXT_DAY

----------

25-5月 -01

41.SYSDATE

用来得到系统的当前日期

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'

-----------------

09-05-2004 星期日

trunc(date,fmt)按照给出的要求将日期截断,如果fmt='mi'表示保留分,截断秒

SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh,

2 to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual;

HH HHMM

------------------- -------------------

2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00

42.CHARTOROWID

将字符数据类型转换为ROWID类型

SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;

ROWID ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME

------------------ ------------------ ----------

AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH

AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN

AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD

AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES

43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)

将源字符串 sset从一个语言字符集转换到另一个目的dset字符集

SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;

conver

------

strutz

44.HEXTORAW

将一个十六进制构成的字符串转换为二进制

45.RAWTOHEXT

将一个二进制构成的字符串转换为十六进制

46.ROWIDTOCHAR

将ROWID数据类型转换为字符类型

47.TO_CHAR(date,'format')

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY

-------------------

2004/05/09 21:14:41

48.TO_DATE(string,'format')

将字符串转化为ORACLE中的一个日期

49.TO_MULTI_BYTE

将字符串中的单字节字符转化为多字节字符

SQL> select to_multi_byte('高') from dual;

高

50.TO_NUMBER

将给出的字符转换为数字

SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;

YEAR

---------

1999

51.BFILENAME(dir,file)

指定一个外部二进制文件

SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));

52.CONVERT('x','desc','source')

将x字段或变量的源source转换为desc

SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,

2 0,'none',

3 2,'insert',

4 3,

5 'select',

6 6,'update',

7 7,'delete',

8 8,'drop',

9 'other') cmd from v$session where type!='background';

SID SERIAL# USERNAME CMD

--------- --------- ------------------------------ ------

1 1 none

2 1 none

3 1 none

4 1 none

5 1 none

6 1 none

7 1275 none

8 1275 none

9 20 GAO select

10 40 GAO none

53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)

DUMP函数以fmt指定的内部数字格式返回一个VARCHAR2类型的值

SQL> col global_name for a30

SQL> col dump_string for a50

SQL> set lin 200

SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;

GLOBAL_NAME DUMP_STRING

------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------

ORACLE.WORLD Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D

54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()

这两个函数都是用来对大数据类型字段进行初始化操作的函数

55.GREATEST

返回一组表达式中的最大值,即比较字符的编码大小.

SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual;

SQL> select greatest('啊','安','天') from dual;

天

56.LEAST

返回一组表达式中的最小值

SQL> select least('啊','安','天') from dual;

啊

57.UID

返回标识当前用户的唯一整数

SQL> show user

USER 为"GAO"

SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;

USERNAME USER_ID

------------------------------ ---------

GAO 25

58.USER

返回当前用户的名字

SQL> select user from dual;

USER

------------------------------

GAO

59.USEREVN

返回当前用户环境的信息,opt可以是:

ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE

ISDBA 查看当前用户是否是DBA如果是则返回true

SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;

USEREN

------

FALSE

SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;

USEREN

------

TRUE

SESSION

返回会话标志

SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual;

USERENV('SESSIONID')

--------------------

152

ENTRYID

返回会话人口标志

SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual;

USERENV('ENTRYID')

------------------

INSTANCE

返回当前INSTANCE的标志

SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual;

USERENV('INSTANCE')

-------------------

LANGUAGE

返回当前环境变量

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')

----------------------------------------------------

SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK

LANG

返回当前环境的语言的缩写

SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual;

USERENV('LANG')

----------------------------------------------------

ZHS

TERMINAL

返回用户的终端或机器的标志

SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual;

USERENV('TERMINA

----------------

GAO

VSIZE(X)

返回X的大小(字节)数

SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual;

VSIZE(USER) USER

----------- ------------------------------

6 SYSTEM

60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL)

all表示对所有的值求平均值,distinct只对不同的值求平均值

SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2));

语句已处理。

SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);

SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('zhu',5555.55);

SQLWKS> commit;

SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3;

AVG(DISTINCTSAL)

----------------

3333.33

SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3;

AVG(ALLSAL)

-----------

2592.59

61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL)

求最大值,ALL表示对所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次

SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;

MAX(DISTINCTSAL)

----------------

5000

62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL)

求最小值,ALL表示对所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次

SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;

MIN(ALLSAL)

-----------

1111.11

63.STDDEV(distinct|all)

求标准差,ALL表示对所有的值求标准差,DISTINCT表示只对不同的值求标准差

SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;

STDDEV(SAL)

-----------

1182.5032

SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp;

STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)

-------------------

1229.951

64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL)

求协方差

SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp;

VARIANCE(SAL)

-------------

1398313.9

65.GROUP BY

主要用来对一组数进行统计

SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;

DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)

--------- --------- ---------

10 3 8750

20 5 10875

30 6 9400

66.HAVING

对分组统计再加限制条件

SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)>=5;

DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)

--------- --------- ---------

20 5 10875

30 6 9400

SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by deptno ;

DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)

--------- --------- ---------

20 5 10875

30 6 9400

67.ORDER BY

用于对查询到的结果进行排序输出

SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;

DEPTNO ENAME SAL

--------- ---------- ---------

10 KING 5000

10 CLARK 2450

10 MILLER 1300

20 SCOTT 3000

20 FORD 3000

20 JONES 2975

20 ADAMS 1100

20 SMITH 800

30 BLAKE 2850

30 ALLEN 1600

30 TURNER 1500

30 WARD 1250

30 MARTIN 1250

30 JAMES 950

Oracle 最常用功能函数经典汇总

来源：ChinaITLab 收集整理

2004-6-14 10:58:00

* SQL Group Function

s (num can be a column or ex

pression)

(null values are ign

ored, default between distin

ct and all is all)

********************

***************

****************************

****************

AVG([distinct or all] num)

-- average value

COUNT(distinct or all] num)

-- number of values

MAX([distinct or all

] num)-- maximum value

MAX([distinct or all] num)

-- minimum value

STDDEV([distinct or

all] num) -- standard devi

ation

SUM([distinct or all

] num)-- sum of values

VARIANCE([distinct o

r all] num) -- variance of v

alues

********************************

***********************

************************

* Miscellaneaous Functions :

********************

***************

****************************

****************

DECODE(expr, srch1,

return1 [,srch2, return2...]

, default]

-- if no search matches t

he expression then the default is returned,

-- otherwise,

the first search that match

es will cause

-- the corres

ponding return value to be r

eturned

DUMP(column_name [,fmt [,start_p

os [, length]]])

-- returns an

column

internal oracle format, used

for getting info about a

-- format options : 8 = oc

tal, 10 = decimel, 16 = hex, 17 = characters

-- return type

codes : 1 = varchar2, 2 = n

umber, 8 = long, 12 = date,

-- 23 = raw,

24 = long raw, 69 = rowid,

96 = char, 106 = mlslabel

GREATEST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]

-- returns the largest val

ue of all expressions

LEAST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]

-- returns the

smallest value of all expre

ssions

NVL(expr1 ,expr2

-- if expr1 is not null, i

t is returned, otherwise expr2 is returned

SQLCODE

-- returns sql error code

query,

of last error.Can not be used directly in

-- value must

be set to local variable fir

SQLERRM

-- returns sql

in query,

error message of last error

.Can not be used directly

-- value must be set to lo

cal variable first

UID

-- returns the user id of

the user you are logged on as

-- useful in s

electing information from lo

w level sys tables

USER

-- returns the

user name of the user you a

re logged on as

USERENV('option')

-- returns inf

ormation about the user you

are logged on as

-- options : E

NTRYID, SESSIONID, TERMINAL,

LANGUAGE, LABEL, OSDBA

-- (

all options not available in

all Oracle versions)

VSIZE(expr)

-- returns the number of b

ytes used by the expression

-- useful in s

electing information about t

able space requirements

********************

***************

****************************

****************

* SQL Date Functions (dt represe

nts oracle date and time)

* (functions return

an oracle date unless otherw

ise specified)

********************************

***********************

************************

ADD_MONTHS(dt, num)

-- adds num months to

dt (num can be negative)

LAST_DAY(dt)

-- last day of month in

month containing dt

MONTHS_BETWEEN(dt1, dt2) -- retu

dt2

rns fractional value of months between dt1,

NEW_TIME(dt, tz1, tz

zone 2

2) -- dt = date in time zo

ne 1, returns date in time

NEXT_DAY(dt, str)-- date

etc..)

of first (str) after dt (str = 'Monday',

SYSDATE-- present system date

ROUND(dt [,fmt]-- roun

ds dt as specified by format fmt

TRUNC(dt [,fmt]

-- truncates dt as spe

cified by format fmt

********************************

***********************

************************

* Number Functions :

********************************

***********************

************************

ABS(num) -- absolute

value of num

CEIL(num)-- smallest integer > or = num

COS(num) -- cosine(n

um), num in radians

COSH(num)

-- hyperbolic cosine(num)

EXP(num)

-- e raised to the num powe

FLOOR(num) -- largest

integer < or = num

LN(num)-- natural

logarithm of num

LOG(num2, num1)-- logarith

m base num2 of num1

MOD(num2, num1)-- remainde

r of num2 / num1

POWER(num2, num1)

-- num2 raised to the num1

power

ROUND(num1 [,num2] -- num1 rou

nded to num2 decimel places (default 0)

SIGN(num)-- sign of

num * 1, 0 if num = 0

SIN(num)

-- sin(num), num in radians

SINH(num)-- hyperbolic sine(num)

SQRT(num)-- square root of num

TAN(num) -- tangent(

num), num in radians

TANH(num)

-- hyperbolic tangent(num)

TRUNC(num1 [,num2] -- truncate

num1 to num2 decimel places (default 0)

********************************

***********************

************************

* String Functions,

String Result :

********************************

***********************

************************

(num) -- ASCII

character for num

CHR(num)

-- ASCII character for n

CONCAT(str1, str2)-- str1

concatenated with str2 (same as str1||str2)

INITCAP(str)

-- capitalize first lett

er of each word in str

LOWER(str)-- str w

ith all letters in lowercase

LPAD(str1, num [,str2]) -- left

spaces)

pad str1 to length num with str2 (default

LTRIM(str [,set])

-- remove set from left

side of str (default spaces)

NLS_INITCAP(str [,nl

s_val]) -- same as initcap f

or different languages

NLS_LOWER(str [,nls_

val]) -- same as lower for

different languages

REPLACE(str1, str2 [,str3]) -- r

eplaces str2 with str3 in str1

deletes str2 from str1 if str3 is omitted

RPAD(str1, num [,str

(default spaces)

2]) -- right pad str1 to

length num with str2

RTRIM(str [,set])

spaces)

-- remove set from

right side of str (default

SOUNDEX(str)

-- phonetic represen

tation of str

SUBSTR(str, num2 [,n

um1]) -- substring of str,

starting with num2,

omitted)

num1 characters (to end of str if num1 is

SUBSTRB(str, num2 [,

bytes

num1])-- same as substr bu

t num1, num2 expressed in

TRANSLATE(str, set1,

set2)-- replaces set1 in

str with set2

truncated

if set2 is longer than set1, it will be

UPPER(str)

-- str with all lett

ers in uppercase

********************

***************

****************************

****************

* String Functions,

Numeric Result :

********************************

***********************

************************

ASCII(str)

-- ASCII value of str

INSTR(str1, str2 [,num1 [,num2]]

) -- position of num2th occurrence of

-- str2 in str1, starting at num1

-- (num1, num2 default to 1)

INSTRB(str1, str2 [,num1 [num2]]

) -- same as instr, byte values for num1, num2

LENGTH(str)

-- number of

characters in str

LENGTHB(str)

-- number of bytes in str

NLSSORT(str [,nls_val])

-- nls_val byte value of str

********************************

***********************

************************

* SQL Conversion Functions

********************************

***********************

************************

CHARTOROWID(str)

-- converts str to ROWID

CONVERT(str, chr_set2 [,chr_set1

]) -- converts str to chr_set2

character set

-- chr_set1

default is the datbase

HEXTORAW(str)

-- converts hex string va

lue to internal raw values

RAWTOHEX(raw_val) -- convert

s raw hex value to hex string value

ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid)

-- converts rowid to 18 ch

aracter string format

TO_CHAR(expr [,fmt])

fmt

-- converts expr(date or n

umber) to format specified by

TO_DATE(str [,fmt])

-- converts string to dat

TO_MULTI_BYTE(str)-- convert

s single byte string to multi byte string

TO_NUMBER(str [,fmt]) -- convert

s str to a number formatted by fmt

TO_SINGLE_BYTE(str)

-- converts multi byte st

ring to single byte string

********************************

***********************

************************

* SQL Date Formats

********************

***************

****************************

****************

BC, B.C.BC indicator

AD, A.D.AD indicator

CC, SCC Cent

ury Code (SCC includes space

or - sign)

YYYY, SYYYY 4 digit year (SY

YYY includes space or - sign)

IYYY4 digit ISO year

Y,YYY 4 digit year with comma

YYY, YY, or Y last 3, 2, or 1

digit of year

YEAR, SYEAR year spelled out

(SYEAR includes space or - sign)

RRlast 2 digits of

year in prior or next century

Q quarter or year, 1 to 4

MMmonth - from 01 to 12

MONTH month spelled out

MON month 3 letter abbreviation

RMroman numeral for month

WWweek of year, 1 to 53

IWISO week of year

, 1 to 52 or 1 to 53

W week of month, 1

to 5 (week 1 begins 1st day of the month)

D day of week, 1 to 7

DDday of month, 1 to 31

DDD day of year, 1 to 366

DAY day of week spel

led out, nine characters right padded

DYday abbreviation

J # of

days since Jan 1, 4712 BC

HH, HH12hour of day, 1 to 12

HH24hour of day, 0 to 23

MIminute of hour, 0 to 59

SSsecond of minute, 0 to 59

SSSSS seco

nds past midnight, 0 to 8639

AM, A.M.am indicator

PM, P.M.pm indicator

any puctuationpunc

tuation between format items

, as in 'DD/MM/YY'

any texttext between format items

THconv

erts 1 to '1st', 2 to '2nd',

and so on

SPconverts 1 to 'o

ne', 2 to 'two', and so on

SPTHconverts 1 to 'F

IRST', 2 to 'SECOND', and so on

FXfill

exact : uses exact pattern

matching

FMfill mode: tog

gles suppression of blanks in output