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Din's GMAT OG笔记 （3）
11.
The fewer restrictions there are on the advertising of legal services,
the more lawyers there are who advertise their services,and the
lawyers who advertise a specific service usually charge less for that
service than lawyers who do not advertise.Therefore,if the state re-
moves any of its current restrictions,such as the one against
advertisements that do not specify fee arrangements, overall consumer
legal costs will be lower than if the state retains its current
restrictions.
If the statements in the passage are true, which of the following must
be true?
对针对法律服务的广告的限制越少，做广告宣传其服务的律师就越多，而相应的做广告宣传某
项业务的律师通常比不做广告的律师在该项业务上收费较少。因此，如果国家取消所有这类广
告的目前的限制，例如反对不标明预付费的广告，则整体客户法律开销比目前维持这些限制的
情况有所下降。
如果上述语句为真，下列哪句话一定为真？
A. Some lawyers who now advertise will charge more for specific
services if they do not have to specify fee arrangements in the
advertisements.
某些现在做广告的律师将对该项业务收取更高的费用，如果他们不是必须在广告中指定预付费
的数目。
B. More consumers will use legal services if there are fewer
restrictions on the advertising of legal service.
如果对法律服务广告的限制更少的话，更多的消费者会使用法律服务。
C.If the restriction against advertisement that do not specify fee
arrangements is removed, more lawyers will advertise their services.
如果反对不标明预付费的广告的限制被取消，更多的律师将做广告宣传他们的业务。
D.If more lawyers advertise lower prices for specific services, some
lawyers who do not advertise will also charge less than they currently
charge for those services.
如果由于更多的律师做广告而降低了某项业务的费用，则某些不做广告的律师也会相应的调低
该业务的当前费用。
E.If the only restrictions on the advertising of legal services were
those that apply to every type of advertising,most lawyers would
advertise their services.
如果对于法律服务的唯一限制与针对其它类型的广告的限制是相同的，大多数律师将做广告
宣传他们的业务。
分析：
A,不对，与题干逻辑向背。B。如果题干正确，可知消费者数目是不变的。C，正确
D，不对，并不是一定为真。E，不能从题干推知。
总结：
如果题干为真，则得到消费者数目不变，且不做广告的律师的费用也不变。
fee arrangements
保险费，预付费
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12. The fewer restrictions there are on the advertising of legal
services, the more lawyers there are who advertise their services, and
the lawyers who advertise a specific service usually change less for
that service than lawyers who do not advertise. Therefore, if the
state removes any of its current restrictions, such as the one against
advertisements that do not specify fee arragements,overall consumer
legal costs will be lower than if the state retains its current
restrictions.
Which of the following,if true, would most seriously weaken the
argument concerning overall consumer legal costs?
对针对法律服务的广告的限制越少，做广告宣传其服务的律师就越多，而相应的做广告宣传某
项业务的律师通常比不做广告的律师在该项业务上收费较少。因此，如果国家取消所有这类广
告的目前的限制，例如反对不标明预付费的广告，则整体客户法律开销比目前维持这些限制的
情况有所下降。
下述那个语句，如果为真，将最能削弱上述关于总体客户法律费用？
A. The state has recently removed some other restrictions that had
limited the advertising of legal services.
该国最近取消了一些其它的针对法律服务的限制。
B. The state is unlikely to remove all of the restrictions that apply
solely to the advertising of legal services.
该国不可能取消所有专门针对法律服务广告的限制。
C. Lawyers who do not advertise generally provide legal services of
the same quality as those provided by lawyers who do advertise.
不做广告的律师提供的法律服务的质量与做广告的律师提供的是相同的。
D. Most lawyers who now specify fee arrangements in their
advertisements would continue to do so even if the specification where
not required.
大多数目前在广告中指明预付费的律师，即使这种限制被取消，他们也将继续指定预付费。
E. Most lawyers who advertise specific services do not lower their
fees for those services when they begin to advertise.
大多数针对某些业务做广告的律师，当他们刚开始做广告时候，并不会降低他们对这些业务的
费用。
分析：
显然选E.
总结:
这道题应该还能完出更大的花样。
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13. Defense Department analysts worry that the ability of the United
States to wage a prolonged war would be seriously endangered if the
machine-tool manufacturing base shrinks further. Before the Defense
Department publicly connected this security issue with the import
quota issue, however, the machine-tool industry raised the national
security issue in its petition for import quotas.
Which of the following, if true, contributes most to an explanation
of the machine-tool industry's raising the issue above regarding
national security?
国防部分析家担心美国从事一场长期的战争的能力将被严重破坏，如果机床生产基地的数目
进一步减少。然而，在国防部公开把这一安全问题与入口限额联系在一起之前，机床产业
曾在其为入口限额的诉请书中指出了该安全隐患。
下列那个，如果为真，对能解释机床产业提出事关国家安全这一做法的是：
A. When the aircraft industries retooled, they provided a large amount
of work for tool builder.
当飞机制造业重组后，给工具制造商提供了大量的工作。
B. The Defense Department is only marginally concerned with the effects
of foreign competition on the machine-tool industry.
国防部只考虑了国外竞争对电机产业的边际效用。
C. The machine-tool industry encountered difficulty in obtaining
government protection against imports on grounds other than defense.
除了以国防为理由，针对进口电机产业难以获得政府的保护。
D. A few weapons important for defense consist of parts that do not
require extensive machining.
少数重要的防御武器的组成部分不需要大量的加工。
E. Several federal government programs have been designed which will
enable domestic machine-tool manufacturing firms to compete
successfully with foreign toolmakers.
联邦政府已经设计了几个措施使得国内电机制造公司能更成功地与国外厂家竞争。
分析：
A,要有这好事还烦什么，错误。B,考虑的是国防，错误。C,正确。D，错误。
E,错误。
总结：
on grounds如果不知道含义就糟了。
prolonged adj.
延长的, 拖延的
endanger vt.
to subject to danger, loss, or destruction
使遭受危险、损失或破坏
mechine-tool n.
A power-driven tool, such as a lathe or milling machine, used for
machining.
机床：用来进行机械加工的电动工具，如走棱板或碾磨机
import quota
输入限额
on grounds of
以...为理由，依据
petition n.
A solemn supplication or request to a superior authority; an entreaty.
请愿，恳求：向上级政府当局提出郑重的恳求或请求；恳求
domestic adj.
Of or relating to a country's internal affairs:
本国的，国内的
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14.
Opponents of laws that require automobile drivers and passengers to
wear seat belts argue that in a free society people have the right
to take risks as long as the people do not harm other as a result
of taking the risks. As a result, they conclude that it should be
each person's decision whether or not to wear a seat belt.
Which of the following, if true,most seriously weakens the conclusion
drawn above?
对于汽车驾驶员和乘客必须系安全带进行立法的反对者们辨称：开放社会的人民有权决定
自己是否冒险只要不以伤害他人为代价。因此，他们得出结论是否系安全带应该是人们的个
人选择。
下面，如果为真，那个最严重威胁上述的结论？
A. Many new cars are built with seat belts that automatically fasten
when someone sits in the front seat.
许多新型汽车，当有人坐在前排时，它的安全带会自动系紧。
B. Automobile insurance rates for all automobile owners are higher
because of the need to pay for the increased injuries or deaths of
people not wearing seat belts.
由于未系安全带而致死或致伤的人员不断增多，因次针对所有车主的汽车保险费率也随
之节节攀升。
C. Passengers in airplanes are required to wear seat belts during
takeoffs and landings.
飞机上的乘客在起飞和降落时需要戴安全带。
D. The rate of automobile fatalities in states that do not have
mandatory seat belt laws is greater than the rate of fatalities in
states that do have such laws.
没有强制戴安全带法律的州的汽车死亡事故率比有该项法律的州要高。
E. In automobile accidents, a greater number of passengers who do not
wear seat belts are injured than are passengers who do wear seat
belts.
在汽车事故中，乘客未系安全带而受伤的人数要多于系安全带的乘客人数。
分析：
A,错误。B，因为死人,所以大家的费用都高了，伤害别人了，所有正确。C，也不能说明什么。
D，E，如果死的多的话，那是个人选择，所以错误。
总结：
注意D与E容易混淆的地方。B，貌似不相关的说，一定要小心。
这道题让我想起了曼昆（Mankiw）的《经济学原理》（Principles of Economics）中
曾经提到过关于安全带法令的问题。在其经济学十大原理之四——人们会对激励做出反应中，
对这个问题有非常精辟的分析。
fatality n.
A death resulting from an accident or a disaster:
死亡（事故）：由事故或灾难引起的死亡
mandatory adj.
Required or commanded by authority; obligatory:
强制的：权威当局所要求或命令的，必须履行的：
注意，不要与mandatary（受托人）混淆。
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15.
The cost of producing radios in Country Q is ten percent less than the
cost of producing radios in Country Y. even after transportation fees
and tariff charges are added, it is still cheaper for a company to
import radios from Country Q to Country Y than to produce radios in
Country Y.
The statements above, if true, best support which of the following
assertions?
Q国生产发报机的成本比Y国低10%.即使算上运费和关税,一家公司从Q国进口也比在Y国生产
来的便宜。
如果上述为真，最支持下面那个推断。
A. labor costs in Country Q are ten percent below those in Country Y.
Q国的劳动力成本比Y国低10%.
B. importing radio from Country Q to Country Y will eliminate ten
percent of the manufacturing jobs in Country Y.
从Q国进口发报机到Y国，Y国将损失10%的制造业就业机会。
C. the tariff on a radio imported from Country Q to Country Y is less
than ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Y.
进口Q国的发报机到Y国的关税小于在Y国生产该发报机成本的10％。
D. the fee for transporting a radio from Country Q to Country Y is
more than ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in
Country Q.
从Q国到Y国运送发报机的费用大于在Q国制造该发报机的成本。
E. it takes ten percent less time to manufacture a radio in Country Q
than it does in Country Y
在Q国制造收音机比Y国少用10%的时间。
分析:
显然C正确。
tariff n.
Duties or a duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods.
关税：一国政府向进口或出口的商品所征收的一项或若干税种
