原文链接:
http://www.eygle.com/faq/Use.Nid.to.Change.Your.dbname.htm
Nid是Oracle从9iR2开始提供的工具，可以用来更改数据库名称，而无需通过之前重建控制文件等繁琐方式.
需要说明的是，虽然这个工具来自9iR2，但是仍然可以被用于Oracle8i.
先看一下帮助:
C:\>nid -help
DBNEWID: Release 10.1.0.2.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 2001, 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
关键字 说明 (默认值)
----------------------------------------------------
TARGET 用户名/口令 (无)
DBNAME 新的数据库名 (无)
LOGFILE 输出日志 (无)
REVERT 还原失败的更改 否
SETNAME 仅设置新的数据库名 否
APPEND 附加至输出日志 否
HELP 显示这些消息 否
我们通过范例来看一下用法:
1．数据库当前设置
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 9.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string eyglev
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string eyglev
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
oracle_trace_collection_name string
oracle_trace_facility_name string oracled
plsql_native_make_file_name string
service_names string eyglev
2．Shutdown数据库
SQL> connect sys/orasys as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
3．Startup mount
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes
Fixed Size 453492 bytes
Variable Size 109051904 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
4. 使用NID更改
SQL> host
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) 版权所有 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>nid target=sys/orasys dbname=eyglen
DBNEWID: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to database EYGLEV (DBID=677189177)
Control Files in database:
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL01.CTL
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL02.CTL
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL03.CTL
Change database ID and database name EYGLEV to EYGLEN? (Y/[N]) => Y
Proceeding with operation
Changing database ID from 677189177 to 3955758099
Changing database name from EYGLEV to EYGLEN
Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL01.CTL - modified
Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL02.CTL - modified
Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL03.CTL - modified
Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\SYSTEM01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\UNDOTBS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CWMLITE01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\DRSYS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\INDX01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\ODM01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\TOOLS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\USERS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\XDB01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\EYGLE.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\TEMP01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL01.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name
Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL02.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name
Control File E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\EYGLEN\CONTROL03.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name
Database name changed to EYGLEN.
Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting.
Database ID for database EYGLEN changed to 3955758099.
All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.
Shut down database and open with RESETLOGS option.
Succesfully changed database name and ID.
DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.
5．Shutdown database
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
6．修改初始化参数文件、spfile文件（init.ora/spfile）
###########################################
instance_name=eyglen
#instance_name=eyglev
###########################################
db_domain=""
db_name=eyglen
# db_name=eyglev
###########################################
7．重建spfile文件
如果你没有使用spfile，当然无需重建，跳至8
SQL> startup pfile=E:\Oracle\admin\eyglen\pfile\init.ora
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes
Fixed Size 453492 bytes
Variable Size 109051904 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
ORA-01991: invalid password file 'e:\oracle\Ora9iR2\DATABASE\PWDeyglen.ORA'
SQL> CREATE SPFILE='E:\Oracle\Ora9iR2\database\SPFILEEYGLEN.ORA' FROM
2 PFILE='E:\Oracle\admin\eyglen\pfile\init.ora';
File created.
8．重建口令文件
SQL> host
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) 版权所有 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>orapwd file=E:\Oracle\Ora9iR2\database\PWDeyglen.ORA password=oracle entries=5
9.shutdown数据库
如果不使用spfile,则可以跳至10
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
10．Startup mount,resetlogs打开
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes
Fixed Size 453492 bytes
Variable Size 109051904 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs
2 /
Database altered.
SQL>
11．修改后的参数
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string eyglen
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string eyglen
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
oracle_trace_collection_name string
oracle_trace_facility_name string oracled
plsql_native_make_file_name string
service_names string eyglen
12．对数据库做个全备份
附：使用nid更改817的数据库
1． 更改前
SVRMGR> startup mount
已启动 ORACLE 实例。
系统全局区域合计有 61970460个字节
Fixed Size 75804个字节
Variable Size 17645568个字节
Database Buffers 44171264个字节
Redo Buffers 77824个字节
已装入数据库。
SVRMGR> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
----------------------------------- ------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert 字符串
db_name 字符串 vilen
global_names 布尔值 TRUE
instance_name 字符串 vilen
lock_name_space 字符串
log_file_name_convert 字符串
oracle_trace_collection_name 字符串
oracle_trace_facility_name 字符串 oracled
service_names 字符串 vilen
SVRMGR>
2． 修改
C:\>nid target=sys/orasys@vilen dbname=vilene
DBNEWID: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to database VILEN (DBID=1535443189)
Control Files in database:
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL01.CTL
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL02.CTL
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL03.CTL
Change database ID and database name VILEN to VILENE? (Y/[N]) => Y
Proceeding with operation
Changing database ID from 1535443189 to 681857412
Changing database name from VILEN to VILENE
Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL01.CTL - modified
Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL02.CTL - modified
Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL03.CTL - modified
Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\SYSTEM01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\RBS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\USERS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\TEMP01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\TOOLS01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\INDX01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\EQSP01.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\PERFSTAT.DBF - dbid changed, wrote new name
Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL01.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name
Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL02.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name
Control File C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\VILEN\CONTROL03.CTL - dbid changed, wrote new name
Database name changed to VILENE.
Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting.
Database ID for database VILENE changed to 681857412.
All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.
Shut down database and open with RESETLOGS option.
Succesfully changed database name and ID.
DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.
3． 关闭数据库
SVRMGR> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开
已卸下数据库。
已关闭 ORACLE 实例。
4． 修改参数文件
db_name = "vilene"
#db_name = "vilen"
instance_name = vilene
#instance_name = vilen
5． 重建口令文件
C:\oracle\database>orapwd file=PWDvilen.ORA password=oracle entries=5
C:\oracle\database>
6． mount数据库
SVRMGR> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 61970460 bytes
Fixed Size 75804 bytes
Variable Size 17645568 bytes
Database Buffers 44171264 bytes
Redo Buffers 77824 bytes
Database mounted.
7． 打开数据库
SVRMGR> alter database open resetlogs
2> /
Statement processed.
8． 修改后的参数
SVRMGR> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
----------------------------------- ------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string vilene
global_names boolean TRUE
instance_name string vilene
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
oracle_trace_collection_name string
oracle_trace_facility_name string oracled
service_names string vilen