用JBuilder2005开发spring MVC应用

用Jbuilder2005开发spring MVC应用

高科华

作者简介：高科华，南京航空学院计算数学专业硕士，有十年以上的企业信息化工作经验。目前的研究兴趣：J2EE企业应用、ERP软件研发、数据仓库系统研发。

作者声明：本文没有最后定稿。

1. 下载spring包，网址如下

http://www.springframework.org/download.html

解压后的目录中包含了dist、lib等子目录

2. 在JBuilder2005中增加spring库，选择菜单Tools-Configure-Libraries，在弹出的对话框中点击New按钮，输入spring库的名称：spring，点击Add按钮，将dist目录中的所有jar文件增加到spring库中

3. 新建工程文件，选菜单File-New Project，给工程文件取名为myProject

设置工程文件的属性，选菜单Project-Project Properties，选择Tomcat作为服务器，将spring库加入Path/Required Libraries。因为例子中用到了log4j，将包含了log4j的库加入Path/Required Libraries，注意到lib目录下有两个子目录log4j和jakarta-commons，它们的用法是不同的,如下面的代码片断所示：

log4j

import org.apache.log4j.Level;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

public class SpringappController implements Controller {

/** Logger for this class and subclasses */

static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SpringappController.class);

jakarta-commons

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

public class SpringappController implements Controller {

/** Logger for this class and subclasses */

protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

4. 新建Web模块，选菜单File-New，给Web模块取名为springapp

5. 新建hello.jsp文件如下：

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=Big5" %>

<html>

<head><title>Example :: Spring Application</title></head>

<body>

<h1>Hello - Spring Application</h1>

<p>Greetings.</p>

</body>

</html>

6. 新建类文件SpringappController.java如下：

package spring;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

//import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

//import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import org.apache.log4j.Level;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

public class SpringappController implements Controller {

/** Logger for this class and subclasses */

// protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SpringappController.class);

public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

throws ServletException, IOException {

logger.info("SpringappController - returning hello view");

return new ModelAndView("hello.jsp");

}

7. 修改web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC '-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN' 'http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd'>

<web-app>

<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<welcome-file-list>

<welcome-file>

index.jsp

</welcome-file>

</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

8. 在web-inf目录中新建springapp-servlet.xml文件如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<!--

- Application context definition for "springapp" DispatcherServlet.

-->

<beans>

<props>

<prop key="/hello.htm">springappController</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

</beans>

9. 在web-inf目录中新建log4j.properties文件如下：

log4j.rootCategory=INFO, stdout, logfile

log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender

log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout

log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - <%m>%n

log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender

log4j.appender.logfile.File=springapp.log

log4j.appender.logfile.MaxFileSize=512KB

# Keep three backup files

log4j.appender.logfile.MaxBackupIndex=3

log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout

#Pattern to output : date priority [category] - <message>line_separator

log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - <%m>%n

10. 设置web模块springapp的属性Content，加入文件log4j.properties，因为classes目录是自动产生的，这一步是为了把文件log4j.properties加到classes目录。

11. 设置Run Configuration，选菜单Run-Configurations，新建一个Run Configuration，Type选Server，Launch URI设置为：/springapp/hello.htm，给它取名为hello

12. 运行，你会在messages窗口中看到如下信息：

資訊: Server startup in 9253 ms

2004-11-05 15:05:00,585 INFO [spring.SpringappController] - <SpringappController - returning hello view>

2004/11/5 下午 03:05:00 org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractCachingViewResolver resolveViewName

資訊: Cached view 'hello.jsp'

在myProject/Tomcat/springapp.log文件中增加了一行如下所示：

2004-11-05 15:11:32,348 INFO [spring.SpringappController] - <SpringappController - returning hello view>

这说明你已成功建立了基本的spring应用。

13. 增加对jstl的支持，设置工程文件的属性，选菜单Project-Project Properties，将jstl库加入Path/Required Libraries。

14. 改进前面的例子，改进的文件如下：

增加“header”文件include.jsp，这是一些jsp文件的公用部分，这样可以使得开发和维护更容易。所有jsp文件放在web-inf/jsp目录下，为的是只有Controller可以访问View。

springapp/war/WEB-INF/jsp/include.jsp

<%@ page session="false"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %>

<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/fmt" %>

利用JSTL，<c:redirect>将页面重定向到Controller，这样就建立了index.jsp和应用架构的联系。

springapp/war/index.jsp

<%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/include.jsp" %>

<%-- Redirected because we can't set the welcome page to a virtual URL. --%>

<c:redirect url="/hello.htm"/>

利用JSTL的<c:out>标记，把从Model提取的，传递给View的当前日期和时间作为输出。

springapp/war/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp

<%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/include.jsp" %>

<html>

<head><title>Hello :: Spring Application</title></head>

<body>

<h1>Hello - Spring Application</h1>

<p>Greetings, it is now <c:out value="${now}"/>

</p>

</body>

</html>

在SpringappController.java中增加包含了当前日期和时间的string作为Model

springapp/src/SpringappController.java

import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

public class SpringappController implements Controller {

/** Logger for this class and subclasses */

protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

throws ServletException, IOException {

String now = (new java.util.Date()).toString();

logger.info("returning hello view with " + now);

return new ModelAndView("WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp", "now", now);

}

15. 浏览改进后的结果http://localhost:8080/springapp，首先访问index.jsp，然后重定向到hello.htm，接著把控制交给Controller，Controller把日期和时间传送给View。

只能在浏览器这样测试。在JBuilder2005中设置Run Configuration不能访问http://localhost:8080/springapp，但可以访问http://localhost:8080/springapp/index.jsp

在上面的例子中，Controller指定了View的完全路径，使得Controller和View之间存在不必要的依赖。为了移出这种依赖，我们可以用类ResourceBundleViewResolver 和 a SimpleUrlHandlerMapping在属性文件中定义这种依赖，对于简单的情形，我们也可以利用InternalResourceViewResolver设置前缀和后缀，下面就用第二种方法。修改文件springapp-servlet.xml包含ViewResolver设置，我们还选择使用JstlView，这使得我们可以结合使用JSTL和message resource bundles，因此可以支持国际化。

springapp/war/WEB-INF/springapp-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<!--

- Application context definition for "springapp" DispatcherServlet.

-->

<beans>

<props>

<prop key="/hello.htm">springappController</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

<property name="viewClass"><value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView</value></property>

</bean>

</beans>

现在，我们就可以移出Controller中View名称的前缀和后缀了。

springapp/src/SpringappController.java

import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

public class SpringappController implements Controller {

/** Logger for this class and subclasses */

protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

throws ServletException, IOException {

String now = (new java.util.Date()).toString();

logger.info("returning hello view with " + now);

return new ModelAndView("hello", "now", now);

}

这样修改后的例子应该仍能运行。

16. 增加商业逻辑类

为了分开Web逻辑和商业逻辑，我们建立两个不同的包，web和bus

springapp/src/bus/Product.java

package bus;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Product implements Serializable {

private String description;

private Double price;

public void setDescription(String s) {

description = s;

}

public String getDescription() {

return description;

}

public void setPrice(Double d) {

price = d;

}

public Double getPrice() {

return price;

}

springapp/src/bus/ProductManager.java

package bus;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.util.List;

public class ProductManager implements Serializable {

private List products;

public void setProducts(List p) {

products = p;

}

public List getProducts() {

return products;

}

修改SpringappController.java

springapp/src/web/SpringappController.java

package web;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.HashMap;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import bus.Product;

import bus.ProductManager;

public class SpringappController implements Controller {

/** Logger for this class and subclasses */

protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

private ProductManager prodMan;

public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

throws ServletException, IOException {

String now = (new java.util.Date()).toString();

logger.info("returning hello view with " + now);

Map myModel = new HashMap();

myModel.put("now", now);

myModel.put("products", getProductManager().getProducts());

return new ModelAndView("hello", "model", myModel);

}

public void setProductManager(ProductManager pm) {

prodMan = pm;

}

public ProductManager getProductManager() {

return prodMan;

}

17. 修改View以便显示商业数据，增加对message bundle的支持

springapp/war/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp

<%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/include.jsp" %>

<html>

<body>

</p>

<h3>Products</h3>

<c:forEach items="${model.products}" var="prod">

<c:out value="${prod.description}"/> <i>$<c:out value="${prod.price}"/></i><br><br>

</c:forEach>

</body>

</html>

18. 增加一些测试数据

我们现在还不打算增加代码，从数据库装载商业对象。我们只springapp-servlet.xml中增加bean和messageSource设置，提供一些测试数据和对messages resource bundle的支持。

springapp/war/WEB-INF/springapp-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<!--

- Application context definition for "springapp" DispatcherServlet.

-->

<beans>

</property>

</bean>

<list>

</list>

</property>

</bean>

</bean>

<property name="description"><value>Table</value></property>

</bean>

<property name="description"><value>Chair</value></property>

</bean>

<property name="basename"><value>messages</value></property>

</bean>

<props>

<prop key="/hello.htm">springappController</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

<property name="viewClass"><value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView</value></property>

</bean>

</beans>

19. 增加message bundle

springapp/war/WEB-INF/classes/messages.properties

title=SpringApp

heading=Hello :: SpringApp

greeting=Greetings, it is now

20. 浏览改进后的结果http://localhost:8080/springapp

实现数据库持久层

21. 设置HSQL数据库，在JBuilder2005中增加HSQL库，选择菜单Tools-Configure-Libraries，在弹出的对话框中点击New按钮，输入HSQL库的名称：HSQL，点击Add按钮，将lib/hsqldb目录下的文件hsqldb.jar增加到HSQL库中。

选择菜单Enterprise-Enterprise Setup，在弹出的对话框中选择Database Drivers，按Add按钮增加HSQL库。

选择菜单Tools-Database Pilot，然后选择菜单Files-New输入Driver：org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver，URL：jdbc:hsqldb:db/test，双击hsqldb:db/test，输入UserName：sa，不必输入Passsword。输入如下的SQL语句并执行

CREATE TABLE products (

id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,

description varchar(255),

price decimal(15,2)

);

CREATE INDEX products_description ON products(description);

INSERT INTO products (id, description, price) values(1, 'Lamp', 5.78);

INSERT INTO products (id, description, price) values(2, 'Table', 75.29);

INSERT INTO products (id, description, price) values(3, 'Chair', 22.81);

这样就会在JBuilder_Home/bin目录下创建一个目录db，存放了数据库test的数据

22. 创建JDBC DAO (Data Access Object)实现

springapp/src/db/ProductManagerDao.java

package db;

import bus.Product;

import java.util.List;

public interface ProductManagerDao {

public List getProductList();

public void increasePrice(Product prod, int pct);

}

springapp/src/db/ProductManagerDaoJdbc.java

package db;

import bus.Product;

import java.util.List;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.sql.Types;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import org.springframework.jdbc.object.MappingSqlQuery;

import org.springframework.jdbc.object.SqlUpdate;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.SqlParameter;

public class ProductManagerDaoJdbc implements ProductManagerDao {

/** Logger for this class and subclasses */

protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

private DataSource ds;

public List getProductList() {

logger.info("Getting products!");

ProductQuery pq = new ProductQuery(ds);

return pq.execute();

}

public void increasePrice(Product prod, int pct) {

logger.info("Increasing price by " + pct + "%");

SqlUpdate su =

new SqlUpdate(ds, "update products set price = price * (100 + ?) / 100 where id = ?");

su.declareParameter(new SqlParameter("increase", Types.INTEGER));

su.declareParameter(new SqlParameter("ID", Types.INTEGER));

su.compile();

Object[] oa = new Object[2];

oa[0] = new Integer(pct);

oa[1] = new Integer(prod.getId());

int count = su.update(oa);

logger.info("Rows affected: " + count);

}

public void setDataSource(DataSource ds) {

this.ds = ds;

}

class ProductQuery extends MappingSqlQuery {

ProductQuery(DataSource ds) {

super(ds, "SELECT id, description, price from products");

compile();

}

protected Object mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {

Product prod = new Product();

prod.setId(rs.getInt("id"));

prod.setDescription(rs.getString("description"));

prod.setPrice(new Double(rs.getDouble("price")));

return prod;

}

springapp/src/bus/Product.java

package bus;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Product implements Serializable {

private int id;

private String description;

private Double price;

public void setId(int i) {

id = i;

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setDescription(String s) {

description = s;

}

public String getDescription() {

return description;

}

public void setPrice(Double d) {

price = d;

}

public Double getPrice() {

return price;

}

springapp/src/test/TestProductManagerDaoJdbc.java

package tests;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;

import db.ProductManagerDaoJdbc;

import bus.Product;

public class TestProductManagerDaoJdbc extends TestCase {

private ProductManagerDaoJdbc pmdao;

public void setUp() {

pmdao = new ProductManagerDaoJdbc();

DriverManagerDataSource ds = new DriverManagerDataSource();

ds.setDriverClassName("org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");

ds.setUrl("jdbc:hsqldb:db/test");

ds.setUsername("sa");

ds.setPassword("");

pmdao.setDataSource(ds);

}

public void testGetProductList() {

List l = pmdao.getProductList();

Product p1 = (Product) l.get(0);

assertEquals("Lamp", p1.getDescription());

Product p2 = (Product) l.get(1);

assertEquals("Table", p2.getDescription());

}

public void testIncreasePrice() {

List l1 = pmdao.getProductList();

Product p1 = (Product) l1.get(0);

assertEquals(new Double("5.78"), p1.getPrice());

pmdao.increasePrice(p1, 10);

List l2 = pmdao.getProductList();

Product p2 = (Product) l2.get(0);

assertEquals(new Double("6.36"), p2.getPrice());

}

23. 修改Web应用使其使用数据库持久层

springapp/src/bus/ProductManager.java

package bus;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.util.ListIterator;

import java.util.List;

import db.ProductManagerDao;

public class ProductManager implements Serializable {

private ProductManagerDao pmd;

private List products;

public void setProductManagerDao(ProductManagerDao pmd) {

this.pmd = pmd;

}

public void setProducts(List p) {

products = p;

}

public List getProducts() {

products = pmd.getProductList();

return products;

}

public void increasePrice(int pct) {

ListIterator li = products.listIterator();

while (li.hasNext()) {

Product p = (Product) li.next();

double newPrice = p.getPrice().doubleValue() * (100 + pct)/100;

p.setPrice(new Double(newPrice));

pmd.increasePrice(p, pct);

}

springapp/war/WEB-INF/springapp-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"

"http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<!--

- Application context definition for "springapp" DispatcherServlet.

-->

<beans>

</property>

</bean>

<property name="commandName"><value>priceIncrease</value></property>

<property name="commandClass"><value>bus.PriceIncrease</value></property>

<property name="formView"><value>priceincrease</value></property>

<property name="successView"><value>hello.htm</value></property>

</property>

</bean>

<property name="driverClassName"><value>org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</value></property>

<value>jdbc:hsqldb:/home/trisberg/workspace/springapp/db/test</value>

</property>

</bean>

</property>

</bean>

</property>

<!--

<list>

</list>

</property>

-->

</bean>

<!--

</bean>

<property name="description"><value>Table</value></property>

</bean>

<property name="description"><value>Chair</value></property>

</bean>

-->

<property name="basename"><value>messages</value></property>

</bean>

<props>

<prop key="/hello.htm">springappController</prop>

<prop key="/priceincrease.htm">priceIncreaseForm</prop>

</props>

</property>

</bean>

<value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView</value>

</property>

</bean>

</beans>

springapp/src/tests/MockProductManagerDaoImpl.java

package tests;

import bus.Product;

import java.util.List;

import db.ProductManagerDao;

import bus.Product;

public class MockProductManagerDaoImpl implements ProductManagerDao {

private List products;

public void setProducts(List p) {

products = p;

}

public List getProductList() {

return products;

}

public void increasePrice(Product prod, int pct) {

double newPrice = prod.getPrice().doubleValue() * (100 + pct)/100;

prod.setPrice(new Double(newPrice));

}

springapp/src/tests/WEB-INF/springapp-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<!--

- Application context definition for "springapp" DispatcherServlet.

-->

<beans>

</property>

</bean>

<list>

</list>

</property>

</bean>

</property>

<!--

<list>

</list>

</property>

-->

</bean>

</bean>

<property name="description"><value>Table</value></property>

</bean>

<property name="description"><value>Chair</value></property>

</bean>

</beans>

springapp/src/tests/TestProductManager .java

package tests;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import db.ProductManagerDao;

import bus.ProductManager;

import bus.Product;

public class TestProductManager extends TestCase {

private ProductManager pm;

public void setUp() {

pm = new ProductManager();

Product p = new Product();

p.setDescription("Chair");

p.setPrice(new Double("20.50"));

ArrayList al = new ArrayList();

al.add(p);

p = new Product();

p.setDescription("Table");

p.setPrice(new Double("150.10"));

al.add(p);

pm.setProducts(al);

MockProductManagerDaoImpl pmdao = new MockProductManagerDaoImpl();

pmdao.setProducts(al);

pm.setProductManagerDao(pmdao);

pm.getProducts();

}

public void testGetProducs() {

List l = pm.getProducts();

Product p1 = (Product) l.get(0);

assertEquals("Chair", p1.getDescription());

Product p2 = (Product) l.get(1);

assertEquals("Table", p2.getDescription());

}

public void testIncreasePrice() {

pm.increasePrice(10);

List l = pm.getProducts();

Product p = (Product) l.get(0);

assertEquals(new Double("22.55"), p.getPrice());

p = (Product) l.get(1);

assertEquals(new Double("165.11"), p.getPrice());

}

参考资源：

http://www.springframework.org/docs/MVC-step-by-step/Spring-MVC-step-by-step.html