光标跟随是输入法系统最常见的特性。要实现这一特性,需要获取IME支持程序(最常见如word,notepad等)中插入符号caret的坐标位置。在Windows的IME环境中,可以通过使用IME核心数据结构INPUTCONTEXT的cfCompForm成员来获取IME宿主程序中文本光标位置。cfCompForm具有如下结构:
typedef tagCANDIDATEFORM { //列表窗口信息
//由IMC_GETCANDIDATEPOS和IMC_SETCANDIDATEPOS消息处理
DWORD dwIndex; //列表窗口序号
DWORD dwStyle; //属性:
//=CFS_CANDIDATEPOS 指定显示位置
//=CFS_EXCLUDE 不可显示
//=CFS_DEFAULT 根据需要显示
POINT ptCurrentPos; //坐标位置
REC rcArea; //不可显示区
} CANDIDATEFORM;
其中ptCurrentPos就是我们需要的光标位置,不过因为这是客户区的坐标,需要转化为屏幕坐标才能使用。要使得输入法上下文结构INPUTCONTEXT中已经填入了正确的坐标位置,需要实现WM_IME_NOTIFY消息响应事件。在WM_IME_NOTIFY消息的子消息IMN_SETCOMPOSITIONWINDOW(设置编码窗口消息)被触发时,系统会返回正确的坐标位置。WM_IME_NOTIFY消息响应函数类似如下形式:
/*
* IMENotifyHandle():
*
* Handle WM_IME_NOTIFY messages.
*/
LONG IMENotifyHandle(HIMC hUICurIMC, HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
LONG lRet = 0L;
LPINPUTCONTEXT lpIMC;
if (!(lpIMC = ImmLockIMC(hUICurIMC)))
return 0L;
switch (wParam)
{
case IMN_CLOSESTATUSWINDOW:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_CLOSESTATUSWINDOW\n");
/// hide the status window
g_pStatus->Hide();
break;
case IMN_OPENSTATUSWINDOW:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_OPENSTATUSWINDOW\n");
/// create the status window, but don't show
g_pStatus->Create(hWnd);
break;
case IMN_OPENCANDIDATE:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_OPENCANDIDATE\n");
break;
case IMN_CHANGECANDIDATE:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_CHANGECANDIDATE\n");
break;
case IMN_CLOSECANDIDATE:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_CLOSECANDIDATE\n");
break;
case IMN_SETCONVERSIONMODE:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_SETCONVERSIONMODE\n");
/// repaint the status window
g_pStatus->Repaint();
break;
case IMN_SETSENTENCEMODE:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_SETSENTENCEMODE\n");
break;
case IMN_SETOPENSTATUS:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_SETOPENSTATUS\n");
/// repaint the status window
g_pStatus->Repaint();
break;
case IMN_SETCANDIDATEPOS:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_SETCANDIDATEPOS\n");
break;
case IMN_SETCOMPOSITIONFONT:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_SETCOMPOSITIONFONT\n");
break;
case IMN_SETCOMPOSITIONWINDOW:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_SETCOMPOSITIONWINDOW\n");
/// adjust the postion of comp and cand windows
POINT ptSrc;
SIZE szOffset;
HDC hDC;
ptSrc = lpIMC->cfCompForm.ptCurrentPos;
ClientToScreen(lpIMC->hWnd, &ptSrc);
hDC = GetDC(lpIMC->hWnd);
GetTextExtentPoint(hDC,"A",1,&szOffset);
ReleaseDC(lpIMC->hWnd,hDC);
g_ptTopLeft.x = ptSrc.x + szOffset.cx;
g_ptTopLeft.y = ptSrc.y + szOffset.cy;
break;
case IMN_GUIDELINE:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_GUIDELINE\n");
break;
case IMN_SETSTATUSWINDOWPOS:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_SETSTATUSWINDOWPOS\n");
break;
case IMN_PRIVATE:
TRACE("UIWnd:WM_IME_NOTIFY:IMN_PRIVATE\n");
break;
default:
break;
}
ImmUnlockIMC(hUICurIMC);
return lRet;
}
其中,需要注意的是要确保获取正确的位置,必须有先发送过WM_IME_STARTCOMPOSITION消息,这个消息一般在刚开始输入新拼音时候发送!关于IME消息处理可以看MSDN相关文档。
即便如此,仍然不能保证在所有程序中,输入法都能正确地体现光标跟随,我遇到的情况是在UtraEdit中,上述代码毫无作用,IMN_SETCOMPOSITIONWINDOW根本就没有被系统触发,这时我只好通过GetCaretPos来侥幸地获取光标位置。