FreeBSD 5 内核中断处理的最大特点是将中断处理程序在线程的上下文中运行。
为此,内核为每个注册的中断源(即vector)准备一个内核线程,即中断线程,
其任务就是等待中断的发生,一旦发生,便运行相应的中断处理程序。
FreeBSD 5这样做,有好处也有坏处。好处是可以简化线程和中断的互斥关系,
并使得中断处理可以阻塞。
坏处是每次响应中断都要进行线程调度,可能有两次线程上下文的切换
(从用户线程切到中断线程再切回来)。未来的想法是进行lazy scheduling,
即尽可能借用当前线程的上下文,只有在中断要阻塞时才进行真正的调度。
与中断有关的源代码主要在
sys/kern/kern_intr.c (与体系结构无关的中断代码)
sys/i386/i386/intr_machdep.c (与i386体系结构相关的中断代码)
sys/i386/isa/atpic.c (与8259A相关的.c代码)
sys/i386/isa/atpic_vector.s (与8259A相关的.s代码)
Contents
1,登记IRQ中断源
1.1 数据结构与函数
1.2 8259A的登记过程
2,IRQ中断的处理过程
3, 软件中断swi
3.1 软件中断的登记
3.2 软件中断的调度
-------------------------------
1,登记IRQ中断源
1.1 数据结构与函数
中断向量表有多个vector,0-31为CPU用,32~32+15对应IRQ0~IRQ15
一个vector对应一个source,数据类型是struct intsrc
代码:
/*
* An interrupt source. The upper-layer code uses the PIC methods to
* control a given source. The lower-layer PIC drivers can store additional
* private data in a given interrupt source such as an interrupt pin number
* or an I/O APIC pointer.
*/
struct intsrc {
struct pic *is_pic;
struct ithd *is_ithread;
u_long *is_count;
u_long *is_straycount;
u_int is_index;
};
其实在vector后面的是中断控制器,如8259A,I/O APIC等,
事实上,对中断源的控制实际上就是对中断控制器的操作,
因此,在struct intsrc中有成员struct pic *is_pic,
即中断控制器的操作函数表,通过这个表,可以为不同的中断控制器
定义不同的操作,达到demultiplex的作用。这里pic是
programmable interrupt controller的意思。
代码:
/*
* Methods that a PIC provides to mask/unmask a given interrupt source,
* "turn on" the interrupt on the CPU side by setting up an IDT entry, and
* return the vector associated with this source.
*/
struct pic {
void (*pic_enable_source)(struct intsrc *);
void (*pic_disable_source)(struct intsrc *);
void (*pic_eoi_source)(struct intsrc *);
void (*pic_enable_intr)(struct intsrc *);
int (*pic_vector)(struct intsrc *);
int (*pic_source_pending)(struct intsrc *);
void (*pic_suspend)(struct intsrc *);
void (*pic_resume)(struct intsrc *);
};
系统中所有的中断源组成一个数组,由于当采用I/O APIC作为中断控制器时,
可以有191个中断号(IRQ),因此该数组大小定义为191。
代码:
static struct intsrc *interrupt_sources[NUM_IO_INTS];
/* With I/O APIC's we can have up to 191 interrupts. */
#define NUM_IO_INTS 191
所谓登记中断源,就是将实际的中断控制器的对应struct intsrc数据结构
添加到该数组中去。同时,系统为每个登记的中断源创建一个中断线程,
中断处理程序就在该线程的上下文中运行,该线程的入口函数为ithread_loop(),
struct intsrc结构成员is_ithread指向描述中断线程的数据结构struct ithd,
而struct ithd结构成员it_td指向真正的线程结构struct thread,从而将中断
与系统的调度单元线程联系起来。
代码:
/*
* Describe an interrupt thread. There is one of these per interrupt vector.
* Note that this actually describes an interrupt source. There may or may
* not be an actual kernel thread attached to a given source.
*/
struct ithd {
struct mtx it_lock;
struct thread *it_td; /* Interrupt process. */
LIST_ENTRY(ithd) it_list; /* All interrupt threads. */
TAILQ_HEAD(, intrhand) it_handlers; /* Interrupt handlers. */
struct ithd *it_interrupted; /* Who we interrupted. */
void (*it_disable)(uintptr_t); /* Enable interrupt source. */
void (*it_enable)(uintptr_t); /* Disable interrupt source. */
void *it_md; /* Hook for MD interrupt code. */
int it_flags; /* Interrupt-specific flags. */
int it_need; /* Needs service. */
uintptr_t it_vector;
char it_name[MAXCOMLEN + 1];
};
/*
* Register a new interrupt source with the global interrupt system.
* The global interrupts need to be disabled when this function is
* called.
*/
int
intr_register_source(struct intsrc *isrc)
{
int error, vector;
vector = isrc->is_pic->pic_vector(isrc);
if (interrupt_sources[vector] != NULL)
return (EEXIST);
error = ithread_create(&isrc->is_ithread, (uintptr_t)isrc, 0,
(mask_fn)isrc->is_pic->pic_disable_source,
(mask_fn)isrc->is_pic->pic_enable_source, "irq%d:", vector);
if (error)
return (error);
mtx_lock_spin(&intr_table_lock);
if (interrupt_sources[vector] != NULL) {
mtx_unlock_spin(&intr_table_lock);
ithread_destroy(isrc->is_ithread);
return (EEXIST);
}
intrcnt_register(isrc);
interrupt_sources[vector] = isrc;
mtx_unlock_spin(&intr_table_lock);
return (0);
}
int
ithread_create(struct ithd **ithread, uintptr_t vector, int flags,
void (*disable)(uintptr_t), void (*enable)(uintptr_t), const char *fmt, ...)
{
struct ithd *ithd;
struct thread *td;
struct proc *p;
int error;
va_list ap;
/* The only valid flag during creation is IT_SOFT. */
if ((flags & ~IT_SOFT) != 0)
return (EINVAL);
ithd = malloc(sizeof(struct ithd), M_ITHREAD, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
ithd->it_vector = vector;
ithd->it_disable = disable;
ithd->it_enable = enable;
ithd->it_flags = flags;
TAILQ_INIT(&ithd->it_handlers);
mtx_init(&ithd->it_lock, "ithread", NULL, MTX_DEF);
va_start(ap, fmt);
vsnprintf(ithd->it_name, sizeof(ithd->it_name), fmt, ap);
va_end(ap);
error = kthread_create(ithread_loop, ithd, &p, RFSTOPPED | RFHIGHPID,
0, "%s", ithd->it_name);
if (error) {
mtx_destroy(&ithd->it_lock);
free(ithd, M_ITHREAD);
return (error);
}
td = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(p); /* XXXKSE */
mtx_lock_spin(&sched_lock);
td->td_ksegrp->kg_pri_class = PRI_ITHD;
td->td_priority = PRI_MAX_ITHD;
TD_SET_IWAIT(td);
mtx_unlock_spin(&sched_lock);
ithd->it_td = td;
td->td_ithd = ithd;
if (ithread != NULL)
*ithread = ithd;
CTR2(KTR_INTR, "%s: created %s", __func__, ithd->it_name);
return (0);
}
中断源登记完成后,便可以登记中断处理程序了。struct ithd有一个成员it_handlers,
指向一个链表,这个链表是中断处理程序的链表。为什么多个中断处理程序会连接在一个链表
中呢?这是因为多个设备可以共享同一个IRQ号,即同一个vertor可以登记多个设备的
中断处理函数。当中断来临时,系统分别调用各个设备的中断处理函数,由他们自己判断是否
是自己的中断。
intr_add_handler()函数就是用来登记中断处理程序的,它从系统中分配一个描述中断处理程序
的数据结构struct intrhand,并将传入的参数,即中断处理函数driver_intr_t handler
保存在结构struct intrhand的成员时ih_handler中。中断发生时真正处理中断事务的就是该函数。
代码:
/*
* Describe a hardware interrupt handler.
*
* Multiple interrupt handlers for a specific vector can be chained
* together.
*/
struct intrhand {
driver_intr_t *ih_handler; /* Handler function. */
void *ih_argument; /* Argument to pass to handler. */
int ih_flags;
const char *ih_name; /* Name of handler. */
struct ithd *ih_ithread; /* Ithread we are connected to. */
int ih_need; /* Needs service. */
TAILQ_ENTRY(intrhand) ih_next; /* Next handler for this vector. */
u_char ih_pri; /* Priority of this handler. */
};
/* Interrupt handle flags kept in ih_flags */
#define IH_FAST 0x00000001 /* Fast interrupt. */
#define IH_EXCLUSIVE 0x00000002 /* Exclusive interrupt. */
#define IH_ENTROPY 0x00000004 /* Device is a good entropy source. */
#define IH_DEAD 0x00000008 /* Handler should be removed. */
#define IH_MPSAFE 0x80000000 /* Handler does not need Giant. */
这里有几个flag值值得一提。
IH_FAST指示该中断是快速中断,系统将尽快执行该处理函数,
并不将它调度到中断线程的上下文中运行,也就是说这种函数的运行是在中断环境下运行,
没有线程的上下文,是为历史遗留的还未迁移到新中断模式下的驱动程序提供的。
IH_EXCLUSIVE指示该中断是独占IRQ的,即不能和其他设备共享IRQ
IH_MPSAFE表明该中断处理函数是SMP安全的。
代码:
int
intr_add_handler(const char *name, int vector, driver_intr_t handler,
void *arg, enum intr_type flags, void **cookiep)
{
struct intsrc *isrc;
int error;
isrc = intr_lookup_source(vector);
if (isrc == NULL)
return (EINVAL);
error = ithread_add_handler(isrc->is_ithread, name, handler, arg,
ithread_priority(flags), flags, cookiep);
if (error == 0) {
intrcnt_updatename(isrc);
isrc->is_pic->pic_enable_intr(isrc);
isrc->is_pic->pic_enable_source(isrc);
}
return (error);
}
int
ithread_add_handler(struct ithd* ithread, const char *name,
driver_intr_t handler, void *arg, u_char pri, enum intr_type flags,
void **cookiep)
{
struct intrhand *ih, *temp_ih;
if (ithread == NULL || name == NULL || handler == NULL)
return (E