分享
 
 
 

Squid优化完全手册(1)

王朝other·作者佚名  2006-11-24
窄屏简体版  字體: |||超大  

一、 概述

squid是一款优秀的open source的代理服务器软件,可以运行于多种系统平台上,但是同其他商业化的产品相比,其缺点也是很明显的,那就是它的命中率和效率相对低下。

本文主要讨论在不改变硬件条件之下,通过以下手段对squid进行性能优化:

1. 编译一个高效的、精简的新内核;

2. 对Cache分区采用reiserfs日志文件系统;

3. 重新编译squid;

4. 优化squid配置;

对于优化的效果,我使用大名鼎鼎的cacheflow公司的测试工具——cfmc进行测试比较:

首先用cfmc自带的一个脚本,从squid.conf的access.log中抽出RUL,然后以这些RUL为依据进行测试。

服务器配置:

型号:HP LH3

CPU:PII450

内存:256MB 100MHz ECC SDRAM DIMM

硬盘:9.1GB Hot-Swap Ultra2 Hard Disk

网卡:Ethernet Express PRO 100 10/100M X 2

操作系统:RedHat 7.1

优化前测试结果:

Iteration 0: Cumulative statistics; 933 seconds elapsed

Total objects: 72599, total object size: 513211102 bytes

Average object size: 7069 bytes

Average object response time: 2707 milliseconds

Objects per second: 77.81

Bytes per second: 550065, min: 550065, max: 879873

URLs discarded due to socket or connection failures: 6955

Redirections: 1017, Cookied objects: 1036

Pragma no-cache objects: 1656, Non-200 HTTP response codes: 2505

优化后测试结果:

Iteration 0: Cumulative statistics; 688 seconds elapsed

Total objects: 72599, total object size: 403833100 bytes

Average object size: 5562 bytes

Average object response time: 1890 milliseconds

Objects per second: 105.52

Bytes per second: 586966, min: 586966, max: 995582

URLs discarded due to socket or connection failures: 16372

Redirections: 1658, Cookied objects: 1000

Pragma no-cache objects: 1454, Non-200 HTTP response codes: 3132

通过对以上测试结果的比较,我们可以看出:

优化后的Objects per second增加了35.6%,Average object response time减少了43.2%,对整体性能的提升还是比较明显的。

二、 编译新内核

我们采取这样的方式来编译内核:取消内核的模块支持,将服务器所有的硬件驱动编译到内核中,此外还要注意将对reiserfs文件系统的支持也编译到内核中,从而在提供系统性能的同时增加系统安全性。在2.4.10以上的版本中,已经内置了对reiserfs文件系统的支持。

首先从http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.4/下载linux-2.4.12.tar.gz,这是当前最新的内核。

然后解开内核文件:

tar xvzf linux-2.4.12.tar.gz

进入新生成的目录并执行:

cd linux

make mrproper

make config

根据我的服务器的配置,我选择这样编译内核:

* Code maturity level options

Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers (CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL) [Y/n/?]

* Loadable module support

Enable loadable module support (CONFIG_MODULES) [N/y/?]

* Processor type and features

Processor family (386, 486, 586/K5/5x86/6x86/6x86MX, Pentium-Classic, Pentium-MM

X, Pentium-Pro/Celeron/Pentium-II, Pentium-III/Celeron(Coppermine), Pentium-4, K

6/K6-II/K6-III, Athlon/Duron/K7, Crusoe, Winchip-C6, Winchip-2, Winchip-2A/Winch

ip-3, CyrixIII/C3) [Pentium-Pro/Celeron/Pentium-II]

* General setup

Networking support (CONFIG_NET) [Y/n/?]

PCI support (CONFIG_PCI) [Y/n/?]

PCI access mode (BIOS, Direct, Any) [Any]

defined CONFIG_PCI_GOANY

PCI device name database (CONFIG_PCI_NAMES) [Y/n/?]

System V IPC (CONFIG_SYSVIPC) [Y/n/?]

Sysctl support (CONFIG_SYSCTL) [Y/n/?]

Kernel core (/proc/kcore) format (ELF, A.OUT) [ELF]

defined CONFIG_KCORE_ELF

* Plug and Play configuration

Plug and Play support (CONFIG_PNP) [Y/n/?]

* Block devices

Normal PC floppy disk support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_FD) [Y/n/?]

* Networking options

Kernel/User netlink socket (CONFIG_NETLINK) [Y/n/?]

Routing messages (CONFIG_RTNETLINK) [Y/n/?]

Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains) (CONFIG_NETFILTER) [Y/n/?]

Unix domain sockets (CONFIG_UNIX) [Y/n/?]

TCP/IP networking (CONFIG_INET) [Y/n/?]

IP: advanced router (CONFIG_IP_ADVANCED_ROUTER) [Y/n/?]

IP: policy routing (CONFIG_IP_MULTIPLE_TABLES) [Y/n/?]

IP: use netfilter MARK value as routing key (CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_FWMARK) [Y/n/?]

IP: fast network address translation (CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_NAT) [Y/n/?]

IP: equal cost multipath (CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_MULTIPATH) [Y/n/?]

* IP: Netfilter Configuration

Connection tracking (required for masq/NAT) (CONFIG_IP_NF_CONNTRACK) [Y/n/?]

FTP protocol support (CONFIG_IP_NF_FTP) [Y/n/?]

IP tables support (required for filtering/masq/NAT) (CONFIG_IP_NF_IPTABLES) [Y/n/?]

limit match support (CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_LIMIT) [Y/n/?]

Multiple port match support (CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_MULTIPORT) [Y/n/?]

Connection state match support (CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_STATE) [Y/n/?]

Packet filtering (CONFIG_IP_NF_FILTER) [Y/n/?]

Full NAT (CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT) [Y/n/?]

REDIRECT target support (CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_REDIRECT) [Y/n/?]

LOG target support (CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_LOG) [Y/n/?]

ATA/IDE/MFM/RLL support (CONFIG_IDE) [Y/n/?]

* IDE, ATA and ATAPI Block devices

Enhanced IDE/MFM/RLL disk/cdrom/tape/floppy support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE) [Y/n/?]

Include IDE/ATA-2 DISK support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDISK) [Y/n/?]

Use multi-mode by default (CONFIG_IDEDISK_MULTI_MODE) [Y/n/?]

Include IDE/ATAPI CDROM support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDECD) [Y/n/?]

* SCSI support

SCSI support (CONFIG_SCSI) [Y/n/?]

* SCSI support type (disk, tape, CD-ROM)

SCSI disk support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD) [Y/n/?]

Maximum number of SCSI disks that can be loaded as modules (CONFIG_SD_EXTRA_DEVS) [8]

* Some SCSI devices (e.g. CD jukebox) support multiple LUNs

Enable extra checks in new queueing code (CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG_QUEUES) [Y/n/?]

* SCSI low-level drivers

AMI MegaRAID support (CONFIG_SCSI_MEGARAID) [Y/n/?]

SYM53C8XX SCSI support (CONFIG_SCSI_SYM53C8XX) [Y/n/?]

default tagged command queue depth (CONFIG_SCSI_NCR53C8XX_DEFAULT_TAGS) [4]

maximum number of queued commands (CONFIG_SCSI_NCR53C8XX_MAX_TAGS) [32]

synchronous transfers frequency in MHz (CONFIG_SCSI_NCR53C8XX_SYNC) [80]

* Network device support

Network device support (CONFIG_NETDEVICES) [Y/n/?]

* Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)

Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) (CONFIG_NET_ETHERNET) [Y/n/?]

EISA, VLB, PCI and on board controllers (CONFIG_NET_PCI) [Y/n/?]

EtherExpressPro/100 support (CONFIG_EEPRO100) [Y/n/?]

* Input core support

Input core support (CONFIG_INPUT) [Y/n/?]

Keyboard support (CONFIG_INPUT_KEYBDEV) [Y/n/?]

* Character devices

Virtual terminal (CONFIG_VT) [Y/n/?]

Support for console on virtual terminal (CONFIG_VT_CONSOLE) [Y/n/?]

Standard/generic (8250/16550 and compatible UARTs) serial support (CONFIG_SERIAL) [Y/n/?]

Unix98 PTY support (CONFIG_UNIX98_PTYS) [Y/n/?]

Maximum number of Unix98 PTYs in use (0-2048) (CONFIG_UNIX98_PTY_COUNT) [8]

* File systems

Reiserfs support (CONFIG_REISERFS_FS) [Y/n/?]

ISO 9660 CDROM file system support (CONFIG_ISO9660_FS) [Y/n/?]

/proc file system support (CONFIG_PROC_FS) [Y/n/?]

/dev/pts file system for Unix98 PTYs (CONFIG_DEVPTS_FS) [Y/n/?]

* Console drivers

VGA text console (CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE) [Y/n/?]

这里需要说明的是:如果要使用透明代理模式,要仔细选择Netfilter,因为我们还得用iptables来重定向tcp包,以满足透明代理的要求。

假如您的服务器配置与我的不同,只需要更改相应的硬件配置参数即可,比如CPU类型、网卡、SCSI硬盘等。

接着:

make bzImage

完成后,将 arch/i386/boot/目录下的新内核bzImage拷贝到/boot/目录下,并更名为opt:

cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/

mv /boot/bzImage /boot/opt

然后编辑lilo.conf如下所示:

boot=/dev/sda

map=/boot/map

install=/boot/boot.b

prompt

timeout=50

message=/boot/message

default=opt

image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.2-2

label=linux

initrd=/boot/initrd-2.4.2-2.img

read-only

root=/dev/sda1

image=/boot/opt

label=opt

read-only

root=/dev/sda1

最后执行:

# lilo

Added linux

Added opt *

好了,这样我们就可以用新内核启动了,您可以发现,这样自己编译的内核要小的多,也快得多。

 
 
 
免责声明:本文为网络用户发布,其观点仅代表作者个人观点,与本站无关,本站仅提供信息存储服务。文中陈述内容未经本站证实,其真实性、完整性、及时性本站不作任何保证或承诺,请读者仅作参考,并请自行核实相关内容。
2023年上半年GDP全球前十五强
 百态   2023-10-24
美众议院议长启动对拜登的弹劾调查
 百态   2023-09-13
上海、济南、武汉等多地出现不明坠落物
 探索   2023-09-06
印度或要将国名改为“巴拉特”
 百态   2023-09-06
男子为女友送行,买票不登机被捕
 百态   2023-08-20
手机地震预警功能怎么开?
 干货   2023-08-06
女子4年卖2套房花700多万做美容:不但没变美脸,面部还出现变形
 百态   2023-08-04
住户一楼被水淹 还冲来8头猪
 百态   2023-07-31
女子体内爬出大量瓜子状活虫
 百态   2023-07-25
地球连续35年收到神秘规律性信号,网友:不要回答!
 探索   2023-07-21
全球镓价格本周大涨27%
 探索   2023-07-09
钱都流向了那些不缺钱的人,苦都留给了能吃苦的人
 探索   2023-07-02
倩女手游刀客魅者强控制(强混乱强眩晕强睡眠)和对应控制抗性的关系
 百态   2020-08-20
美国5月9日最新疫情:美国确诊人数突破131万
 百态   2020-05-09
荷兰政府宣布将集体辞职
 干货   2020-04-30
倩女幽魂手游师徒任务情义春秋猜成语答案逍遥观:鹏程万里
 干货   2019-11-12
倩女幽魂手游师徒任务情义春秋猜成语答案神机营:射石饮羽
 干货   2019-11-12
倩女幽魂手游师徒任务情义春秋猜成语答案昆仑山:拔刀相助
 干货   2019-11-12
倩女幽魂手游师徒任务情义春秋猜成语答案天工阁:鬼斧神工
 干货   2019-11-12
倩女幽魂手游师徒任务情义春秋猜成语答案丝路古道:单枪匹马
 干货   2019-11-12
倩女幽魂手游师徒任务情义春秋猜成语答案镇郊荒野:与虎谋皮
 干货   2019-11-12
倩女幽魂手游师徒任务情义春秋猜成语答案镇郊荒野:李代桃僵
 干货   2019-11-12
倩女幽魂手游师徒任务情义春秋猜成语答案镇郊荒野:指鹿为马
 干货   2019-11-12
倩女幽魂手游师徒任务情义春秋猜成语答案金陵:小鸟依人
 干货   2019-11-12
倩女幽魂手游师徒任务情义春秋猜成语答案金陵:千金买邻
 干货   2019-11-12
 
推荐阅读
 
 
 
>>返回首頁<<
 
靜靜地坐在廢墟上,四周的荒凉一望無際,忽然覺得,淒涼也很美
© 2005- 王朝網路 版權所有