6. 更多的例子
下面是一些例子，例子中我们会使用三种函数库（静态的、共享的和动态加载的函数库）。文件libhello.c是一个函数库，libhello.h是它的头文件；demo_use.c则是一个使用了libhello函数库的。Script_static和script_dynamic分别演示如何以静态和共享方式使用函数库，而后面的demo_dynamic.c和script_dynamic则表示演示如何以动态加载函数库的方式来使用它。
6.1. File libhello.c
/* libhello.c - demonstrate library use. */
#include
void hello(void)
{
printf("Hello, library world.
");
}
6.2. File libhello.h
/* libhello.h - demonstrate library use. */
void hello(void);
6.3. File demo_use.c
/* demo_use.c -- demonstrate direct use of the "hello" routine */
#include "libhello.h"
int main(void)
{
hello();
return 0;
}
6.4. File script_static
#!/bin/sh
# Static library demo
# Create static library's object file, libhello-static.o.
# I'm using the name libhello-static to clearly
# differentiate the static library from the
# dynamic library examples, but you don't need to use
# "-static" in the names of your
# object files or static libraries.gcc -Wall -g -c -o libhello-static.o libhello.c
# Create static library.ar rcs libhello-static.a libhello-static.o
# At this point we could just copy libhello-static.a
# somewhere else to use it.
# For demo purposes, we'll just keep the library
# in the current directory.
# Compile demo_use program file.gcc -Wall -g -c demo_use.c -o demo_use.o
# Create demo_use program; -L. causes "." to be searched during
# creation of the program. Note that this command causes
# the relevant object file in libhello-static.a to be
# incorporated into file demo_use_static.gcc -g -o demo_use_static demo_use.o -L. -lhello-static
# Execute the program../demo_use_static
6.5. File script_shared
#!/bin/sh
# Shared library demo
# Create shared library's object file, libhello.o.gcc -fPIC -Wall -g -c libhello.c
# Create shared library.
# Use -lc to link it against C library, since libhello
# depends on the C library.gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,libhello.so.0 -o libhello.so.0.0 libhello.o -lc# At this point we could just copy libhello.so.0.0 into
# some directory, say /usr/local/lib.
# Now we need to call ldconfig to fix up the symbolic links.
# Set up the soname. We could just execute:
# ln -sf libhello.so.0.0 libhello.so.0
# but let's let ldconfig figure it out./sbin/ldconfig -n .
# Set up the linker name.
# In a more sophisticated setting, we'd need to make
# sure that if there was an existing linker name,
# and if so, check if it should stay or not.ln -sf libhello.so.0 libhello.so
# Compile demo_use program file.gcc -Wall -g -c demo_use.c -o demo_use.o
# Create program demo_use.
# The -L. causes "." to be searched during creation
# of the program; note that this does NOT mean that "."
# will be searched when the program is executed.gcc -g -o demo_use demo_use.o -L. -lhello
# Execute the program. Note that we need to tell the program
# where the shared library is, using LD_LIBRARY_PATH.LD_LIBRARY_PATH="." ./demo_use
6.6. File demo_dynamic.c
/* demo_dynamic.c -- demonstrate dynamic loading and
use of the "hello" routine */
/* Need dlfcn.h for the routines to
dynamically load libraries */
#include
#include
#include
/* Note that we don't have to include "libhello.h".
However, we do need to specify something related;
we need to specify a type that will hold the value
we're going to get from dlsym(). */
/* The type "simple_demo_function" describes a function that
takes no arguments, and returns no value: */
typedef void (*simple_demo_function)(void);
int main(void)
{
const char *error;
void *module;
simple_demo_function demo_function;
/* Load dynamically loaded library */
module = dlopen("libhello.so", RTLD_LAZY);
if (!module)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open libhello.so: %s
",dlerror());
exit(1);
}
/* Get symbol */
dlerror();
demo_function = dlsym(module, "hello");
if ((error = dlerror()))
{
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't find hello: %s
", error);
exit(1);
}
/* Now call the function in the DL library */
(*demo_function)();
/* All done, close things cleanly */
dlclose(module);
return 0;
}
6.7. File script_dynamic
#!/bin/sh
# Dynamically loaded library demo
# Presume that libhello.so and friends have
# been created (see dynamic example).
# Compile demo_dynamic program file into an object file.gcc -Wall -g -c demo_dynamic.c
# Create program demo_use.
# Note that we don't have to tell it where to search for DL libraries,
# since the only special library this program uses won't be
# loaded until after the program starts up.
# However, we DO need the option -ldl to include the library
# that loads the DL libraries.gcc -g -o demo_dynamic demo_dynamic.o -ldl
# Execute the program. Note that we need to tell the
# program where get the dynamically loaded library,
# using LD_LIBRARY_PATH.LD_LIBRARY_PATH="." ./demo_dynamic
by luster(luster@linuxaid.com.cn,hwang@ustc.edu)
2001-8-22
（完）
任何bug发信给我，一起修改。先谢谢。
