J2ME与Web Service

1. 服务端

这次要发布的web service非常简单。它的功能是把从客户端传入的字符串中的小写字母转变成大写字母，再返回给客户端。Soap 服务器采用apache的AXIS（可以从http://ws.apache.org/axis/下载），应用服务器可以选用各种servlet 容器，我这里采用的是weblogic。

1.1 实现类的源代码

// StringProcessor.java

package com.jagie.j2me.ws;

public class StringProcessor {

public StringProcessor() {

}

public String process(String name){

return name.toUpperCase();

}

}

1.2 发布步骤

1．准备一个目录作为web application的发布目录,我这里的这个目录叫jagiews,这个目录的全路径中最好不要有空格和中文。我的发布目录结构如下：

2．编译StringProcessor.java,把生成的StringProcessor.class置于: \jagiews\WEB-INF\classes\com\jagie\j2me\ws目录下。

3.在jagiews\WEB-INF\lib 文件夹中置入以下axis服务器需要的jar文件 axis.jar，axis-ant.jar，commons-discovery.jar，commons-logging.jar，jaxrpc.jar，log4j-1.2.8.jar，saaj.jar ，wsdl4j.jar。这些文件可以在http://ws.apache.org/axis/下载，如图所示：

4.在jagiews\WEB-INF目录下增加2个发布描述文件：server-config.wsdd，web.xml。

#server-config.wsdd

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/"

xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java">

<globalConfiguration>

<parameter name="adminPassword" value="admin"/>

<parameter name="attachments.Directory" value="C:\Program Files

\Apache Tomcat 4.0\webapps\axis\WEB-INF\attachments"/>

<parameter name="attachments.implementation"

value="org.apache.axis.attachments.AttachmentsImpl"/>

<parameter name="sendXsiTypes" value="true"/>

<parameter name="sendMultiRefs" value="true"/>

<parameter name="sendXMLDeclaration" value="true"/>

<parameter name="axis.sendMinimizedElements" value="true"/>

<requestFlow>

<handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler">

<parameter name="scope" value="session"/>

</handler>

<handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler">

<parameter name="scope" value="request"/>

<parameter name="extension" value=".jwr"/>

</handler>

</requestFlow>

</globalConfiguration>

<handler name="LocalResponder"

type="java:org.apache.axis.transport.local.LocalResponder"/>

<handler name="URLMapper"

type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.URLMapper"/>

<handler name="RPCDispatcher"

type="java:org.apache.axis.providers.java.RPCProvider"/>

<handler name="Authenticate"

type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.SimpleAuthenticationHandler"/>

<handler name="MsgDispatcher"

type="java:org.apache.axis.providers.java.MsgProvider"/>

<service name="AdminService" provider="java:MSG">

<parameter name="allowedMethods" value="AdminService"/>

<parameter name="enableRemoteAdmin" value="false"/>

<parameter name="className" value="org.apache.axis.utils.Admin"/>

<namespace>http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/</namespace>

</service>

<service name="Version" provider="java:RPC">

<parameter name="allowedMethods" value="getVersion"/>

<parameter name="className" value="org.apache.axis.Version"/>

</service>

<!-- your service begin-->

<service name="StringProcess" provider="java:RPC">

<parameter name="allowedMethods" value="process"/>

<parameter name="className"

value="com.jagie.j2me.ws.StringProcessor"/>

</service>

<!-- your service end -->

<transport name="http">

<requestFlow>

<handler type="URLMapper"/>

<handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.HTTPAuthHandler"/>

</requestFlow>

</transport>

<transport name="local">

<responseFlow>

<handler type="java:org.apache.axis.transport.local.LocalResponder"/>

</responseFlow>

</transport>

</deployment>

# web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app

PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"

"http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2.2.dtd">

<web-app>

<display-name>Apache-Axis</display-name>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>

<display-name>Apache-Axis Servlet</display-name>

<servlet-class>

org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisServlet

</servlet-class>

</servlet>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>

<display-name>Axis Admin Servlet</display-name>

<servlet-class>

org.apache.axis.transport.http.AdminServlet

</servlet-class>

<load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>

<display-name>SOAPMonitorService</display-name>

<servlet-class>

org.apache.axis.monitor.SOAPMonitorService

</servlet-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>SOAPMonitorPort</param-name>

<param-value>5001</param-value>

</init-param>

<load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/servlet/AxisServlet</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.jws</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/SOAPMonitor</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<!-- uncomment this if you want the admin servlet -->

<!--

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/servlet/AdminServlet</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

-->

<!-- currently the W3C havent settled on a media type for WSDL;

http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-wsdl12-20030303/#ietf-draft

for now we go with the basic 'it's XML' response -->

<mime-mapping>

<extension>wsdl</extension>

<mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>

</mime-mapping>

<mime-mapping>

<extension>xsd</extension>

<mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>

</mime-mapping>

</web-app>

5.开启你的application server，把目录jagiews发布为一个名叫jagiews的web application。

6.测试:打开浏览器，输入网址（这里使用的是weblogic,其他的服务器请酌情修改）: http://localhost:7001/jagiews/services/StringProcess?method=process&name=qqqq，如果浏览器能在返回的xml文档中显示字符串"QQQQ"，恭喜你，你的web service发布成功了。如果发布不成功，请按以上发布步骤检查一下。

2. 客户端

客户端自然是用MIDlet了，不过用什么方式来访问web service呢？其实有3种访问方式

直接用HttpConnection访问 http://localhost:7001/jagiews/services/StringProcess?method=process&name=qqqq，得到xml的返回数据，然后用kxml(http://kxml.enhydra.org/)解析，得到返回值。

如果你的手机支持MIDP2.0的话，可以考虑使用JSR172。

用ksoap api。

这里讲述第三种方式。使用之前，你需要从 http://ksoap.enhydra.org/software/downloads/index.html下载稳定的ksoap包，置于你的classpath中。

2.1 客户端源代码

2.1.1 WSClientMIDlet.java

package com.jagie.j2me.ws;

import javax.microedition.midlet.*;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;

/**

* <p>Title: </p>

* <p>Description: </p>

* <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004</p>

* <p>Company: </p>

* @author not attributable

* @version 1.0

*/

public class WSClientMIDlet

extends MIDlet {

static WSClientMIDlet instance;

public WSClientMIDlet() {

instance = this;

}

public void startApp() {

Display display=Display.getDisplay(this);

DisplayForm displayable = new DisplayForm();

display.setCurrent(displayable);

}

public void pauseApp() {

}

public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) {

}

public static void quitApp() {

instance.destroyApp(true);

instance.notifyDestroyed();

instance = null;

}

}

2.1.2 DisplayForm.java

package com.jagie.j2me.ws;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;

/**

* <p>Title: </p>

* <p>Description: </p>

* <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004</p>

* <p>Company: </p>

* @author not attributable

* @version 1.0

*/

public class DisplayForm

extends Form

implements CommandListener, Runnable {

private TextField textField1;

private Thread t;

public DisplayForm() {

super("字符转换webservice测试");

try {

jbInit();

}

catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

private void jbInit() throws Exception {

// Set up this Displayable to listen to command events

textField1 = new TextField("", "", 15, TextField.ANY);

this.setCommandListener(this);

textField1.setLabel("待处理的字符串是：");

textField1.setConstraints(TextField.ANY);

textField1.setInitialInputMode("Tester");

setCommandListener(this);

// add the Exit command

addCommand(new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1));

addCommand(new Command("Process", Command.OK, 1));

this.append(textField1);

}

public void commandAction(Command command, Displayable displayable) {

if (command.getCommandType() == Command.EXIT) {

WSClientMIDlet.quitApp();

}

else if (command.getCommandType() == Command.OK) {

t = new Thread(this);

t.start();

}

}

public void run() {

String s1 = textField1.getString();

String s2 = new StringProcessorStub().process(s1);

StringItem resultItem = new StringItem("处理后的字符串是:", s2);

this.append(resultItem);

}

}

2.1.3 StringProcessorStub.java

package com.jagie.j2me.ws;

import org.ksoap.*;

import org.ksoap.transport.HttpTransport;

/**

* <p>Title: </p>

* <p>Description: </p>

* <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004</p>

* <p>Company: </p>

* @author not attributable

* @version 1.0

*/

public class StringProcessorStub {

public StringProcessorStub() {

}

public String process(String name) {

String result = null;

try {

SoapObject rpc = new SoapObject

("http://localhost:7001/jagiews/services/StringProcess", "process");

rpc.addProperty("name", name);

HttpTransport ht = new HttpTransport

("http://localhost:7001/jagiews/services/StringProcess", "");

result = (String) ht.call(rpc);

}

catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return result;

}

}

测试客户端

现在，试着在你的ide里运行WSClientMIDlet，如果调用成功，则出现以下画面：

总结

有了ksoap，手机上调用web service就很容易了。不过要注意的是，使用网络连接这种费时操作的时候，一定要单独开线程进行，不要直接写在commandAction()方法里，否则出现画面被锁住的情况。

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