######### Managing Privileges #############
grant create table,create session to user_name;
grant create any table to user_name; revoke create any table from user_name;
/*授予权限语法,public 标识所有用户,with admin option允许能将权限授予第三者的权限*/
grant system_privs,[......] to [user/role/public],[....] [with admin option];
select * from v$pwfile_users;
/*当 O7_dictionary_accessiblity参数为True时，标识select any table时，包括系统表也能select ,否则，不包含系统表;缺省为false*/
show parameter O7;
/*由于 O7_dictionary_accessiblity为静态参数，不能动态改变，故加scope=spfile,下次启动时才生效*/
alter system set O7_dictionary_accessiblity=true scope=spfile;
/*授予对象中的某些字段的权限，如select 某表中的某些字段的权限*/
grant [object_privs(column,....)],[...] on object_name to user/role/public,... with grant option;
/*oracle不允许授予select某列的权限,但可以授insert ,update某列的权限*/
grant insert(column_name1,column_name2,...) on table_name to user_name with grant option;
select * from dba_sys_privs/session_privs/dba_tab_privs/user_tab_privs/dba_col_privs/user_col_privs;
/*db/os/none 审计被记录在 数据库/操作系统/不审计 缺省是none*/
show parameter audit_trail;
/*启动对表的select动作*/
audit select on user.table_name by session;
/*by session在每个session中发出command只记录一次，by access则每个command都记录*/
audit [create table][select/update/insert on object by session/access][whenever successful/not successful];
desc dbms_fga;---进一步设计，则可使用dbms_fgs包
/*取消审计*/
noaudit select on user.table_name;
/*查被审计信息*/
select * from all_def_audit_opts/dba_stmt_audit_opts/dba_priv_audit_opts/dba_obj_audit_opts;
/*获取审计记录*/
select * from dba_audit_trail/dba_audit_exists/dba_audit_object/dba_audit_session/dba_audit_statement;
########### Managing Role #################
create role role_name; grant select on table_name to role_name; grant role_name to user_name; set role role_name;
create role role_name;
create role role_name identified by password;
create role role_name identified externally;
set role role_name ; ----激活role
set role role_name identified by password;
alter role role_name not identified;
alter role role_name identified by password;
alter role role_name identified externally;
grant priv_name to role_name [WITH ADMIN OPTION];
grant update(column_name1,col_name2,...) on table_name to role_name;
grant role_name1 to role_name2;
/*建立default role,用户登录时，缺省激活default role*/
alter user user_name default role role_name1,role_name2,...;
alter user user_name default role all;
alter user user_name default role all except role_name1,...;
alter user user_name default role none;
set role role1 [identified by password],role2,....;
set role all;
set role except role1,role2,...;
set role none;
revoke role_name from user_name;
revoke role_name from public;
drop role role_name;
select * from dba_roles/dba_role_privs/role_role_privs/dba_sys_privs/role_sys_privs/role_tab_privs/session_roles;
########### Basic SQL SELECT ################
select col_name as col_alias from table_name ;
select col_name from table_name where col1 like '_o%'; ----'_'匹配单个字符
/*使用字符函数(右边截取,字段中包含某个字符,左边填充某字符到固定位数,右边填充某字符到固定位数)*/
select substr(col1,-3,5),instr(col2,'g'),LPAD(col3,10,'$'),RPAD(col4,10,'%') from table_name;
/*使用数字函数(往右/左几位四舍五入,取整,取余)*/
select round(col1,-2),trunc(col2),mod(col3) from table_name ;
/*使用日期函数(计算两个日期间相差几个星期,两个日期间相隔几个月,在某个月份上加几个月,某个日期的下一个日期,
某日期所在月的最后的日期,对某个日期的月分四舍五入，对某个日期的月份进行取整)*/
select (sysdate-col1)/7 week,months_between(sysdate,col1),add_months(col1,2),next_day(sysdate,'FRIDAY'),last_day(sysdate),
round(sysdate,'MONTH'),trunc(sysdate,'MONTH') from table_name;
/*使用NULL函数(当expr1为空取expr2/当expr1为空取expr2,否则取expr3/当expr1=expr2返回空)*/
select nvl(expr1,expr2),nvl2(expr1,expr2,expr3),nullif(expr1,expr2) from table_name;
select column1,column2,column3, case column2 when '50' then column2*1.1
when '30' then column2*2.1
when '10' then column3/20
else column3
end as ttt
from table_name ; ------使用case函数
select table1.col1,table2.col2 from table1
[CROSS JOIN table2] | -----笛卡儿连接
[NATURAL JOIN table2] | -----用两个表中的同名列连接
[JOIN table2 USING (column_name)] | -----用两个表中的同名列中的某一列或几列连接
[JOIN table2
ON (table1.col1=table2.col2)] |
[LEFT|RIGHT|FULL OUTER JOIN table2 ------相当于(+)=,=(+)连接,全外连接
ON (table1.col1=table2.col2)]; ------SQL 1999中的JOIN语法;
example:
select col1,col2 from table1 t1
join table2 t2
on t1.col1=t2.col2 and t1.col3=t2.col1
join table3 t3
on t2.col1=t3.col3;
select * from table_name where col1 < any (select col2 from table_name2 where continue group by col3);
select * from table_name where col1 < all (select col2 from table_name2 where continue group by col3);
insert into (select col1,col2,col3 form table_name where col1>; 50 with check option) values (value1,value2,value3);
MERGE INTO table_name table1
USING table_name2 table2
ON (table1.col1=table2.col2)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET
table1.col1=table2.col2,
table1.col2=table2.col3,
...
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT VALUES(t
