最典型实用的上中下,并且中间分三列的布局,这个例子有2个特点:
1. 中间三列效果,可以任意实现单列背景色。
2. 整体最窄770px,最宽1024px,也就是说窗口小于770xp就出底部滚动条,如果大于1024px自动屏幕居中。
IE6.0和FF1.5测试通过
分析:
最外层的wrapper把所有内容都嵌套在里边,整体相对定位。max min已经很好的控制了最窄最宽值,但对IE没有作用。如果没有其他布局的穿插,这一层其实写在body内就可以,少一层嵌套。
#wrapper width:auto; border:1px solid #000; min-width:770px; max-width:1024px; text-align:left; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; position:relative;
wrapper 下级的 outer header footer
其中header绝对定位,footer 相对定位;outer分别对左右有130px的外边距,这是兼容非IE的关键。
#outer margin-left:130px; margin-right:130px; background:silver; border-left:1px solid #000; border-right:1px solid #000; color: #000;
#header position:absolute; top:0; left:0; width:100%; height:70px; line-height:70px; border-bottom:1px solid #000; overflow:hidden; background:#0ff; text-align:center; font-size:xx-large
#footer width:100%; clear:both; line-height:50px; border-top:1px solid #000; background:#ffc; color:#000; text-align:center; position:relative;
outer 下级的 clearheader outerwrap right clearer
clearheader 用做填补header的空白,clearer 是一个常用的填充hack用法。
outerwrap 宽为什么是99%,而不是100%?因为他的上层outer有边框,100%宽再加2个边框象素就会撑大,FF有明显效果。
right 的处理很经典,IE下解析为定位,FF下则为浮动。负边距的处理也刚好使用上outer留出的空白。
#clearheader height:72px;
.outerwrap float:left; width:99%;
#right
position:relative;
width:130px; float:right; left:1px;
margin-right:-129px;
* html #right margin-right:-130px; margin-left:-3px
.clearer height:1px; overflow:hidden; margin-top:-1px; clear:both;
outerwrap 内的 centrecontent left clearer 就很简单了,思路类似上边说明。
<!--[if gte IE 5]> 指定IE5.0及版本以上浏览器有效
使用expression方法实现对IE5.0及以上版本的宽度条件控制。
body width:expression( documentElement.clientWidth < 770 ? (documentElement.clientWidth == 0 ? (body.clientWidth < 770 ? "770" : "auto") : "770px") : "auto" );
#wrapper width:expression( documentElement.clientWidth > 1024 ? (documentElement.clientWidth == 0 ? (body.clientWidth >1024 ? "1024" : "auto") : "1024px") : "auto" );
开始只想搞清楚老外是如何实现居中min max的,没想到最后是expression,太失望了,其实这里使用脚本控制更好。另外,老外原文的 Min width of 800px 是错的,CSS定义就是770px,后来截屏确认也是770px。
总的来说这是一个很复杂的布局例子,融合了很多经典用法和定义,同时很传统和实用。类似的复杂布局,四层嵌套实现对于传统布局来说还是比较有优势的。
Referrence:
3 col layout with equalising columns and footer
http://www.pmob.co.uk/temp/min-max-3col.htm
附:布局代码
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>最窄770px最宽1024px的经典布局</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<style type="text/css">
* margin:0; padding:0;
body padding:10px 0 0 0; color:#000; background:#fff; text-align:center;
#wrapper width:auto; border:1px solid #000; min-width:770px; max-width:1024px; text-align:left; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; position:relative;
#outer margin-left:130px; margin-right:130px; background:silver; border-left:1px solid #000; border-right:1px solid #000; color: #000;
#header position:absolute; top:0; left:0; width:100%; height:70px; line-height:70px; border-bottom:1px solid #000; overflow:hidden; background:#0ff; text-align:center; font-size:xx-large
#left
position:relative;/*ie needs this to show float */
width:130px;float:left;left:-1px;
margin-left:-129px;/*must be 1px less than width otherwise won"t push footer down */
* html #left margin-right:-3px;/* 3px jog*/
* html #outer/* 3px jog*/
margin-left:127px; margin-right:127px;
p margin-bottom:1em; padding:0 5px
#right
position:relative;/*ie needs this to show float */
width:130px; float:right; left:1px;
margin-right:-129px;/*must be 1px less than width otherwise won"t push footer down */
* html #right margin-right:-130px; margin-left:-3px/* stop float drop in ie + 3px jog */
#footer width:100%; clear:both; line-height:50px; border-top:1px solid #000; background:#ffc; color:#000; text-align:center; position:relative;
#clearheader height:72px;/*needed to make room for header*/
#centrecontent float:right; width:100%; position:relative;
html>body #centrecontent margin:0 -0.5%/*moz needs this*/
.outerwrap float:left; width:99%;
.clearer height:1px; overflow:hidden; margin-top:-1px; clear:both;
/* mac hide\*/
* html #outer, * html #wrapper,* html #centrecontent height:1%
/* end hide */
</style>
<!--[if gte IE 5]>
<style type="text/css">
body width:expression( documentElement.clientWidth < 770 ? (documentElement.clientWidth == 0 ? (body.clientWidth < 770 ? "770" : "auto") : "770px") : "auto" );
#wrapper width:expression( documentElement.clientWidth > 1024 ? (documentElement.clientWidth == 0 ? (body.clientWidth >1024 ? "1024" : "auto") : "1024px") : "auto" );
</style>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="outer">
<div id="clearheader"></div>
<div class="outerwrap">
<div id="centrecontent">
<h1>Min width of 770px and max width of 1024px</h1>
<p>centre content goes here centre content goes here : centre content
goes here centre content goes here : centre content goes here centre
content goes here : centre content goes here centre content goes here
: centre content goes here centre content goes here : centre content
goes here centre content goes here : centre content goes here centre
content goes here : centre content goes here centre content goes here
: centre content goes here centre content goes here : centre content
goes here centre content goes here : centre content goes here centre
content goes here : centre content goes here centre content goes here
: centre content goes here centre content goes here : centre content
goes here centre content goes here : centre content goes here centre
content goes here : centre content goes here centre content goes here
: centre content goes here centre content goes here : centre content
goes here centre content goes here : centre content goes here centre
content goes here : centre content goes here content goes here : </p>
</div>
<div id="left">
<p>Left content goes here : Left content goes here : Left content goes
here : Left content goes here : Left content goes here : Left content
goes goes here : Left content goes here : </p>
</div>
<div class="clearer"></div>
</div>
<!--end outer wrap -->
<div id="right">
<p>Start Right content goes here : Right content goes here : Right content
goes here : Right content goes here : Right content goes here : Right
content goes here : Right content goes here : Right content goes here
: Right content goes here : </p>
</div>
<div class="clearer"></div>
</div>
<div id="footer">Footer - | - Footer </div>
<div id="header">Header </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>