如何使用wxPython设计gui

wxPython介绍+一个实用的例子

1. wxPython简介

wxPython是wxWidget的库的一个python的封装。提供了一些库和一些工具。

这样wxPython即有python语言的优点：

语法强悍，少写了不少代码:）

也有wxWidget图形库的优点：

直接拉控件到大概位置就行了，不需要去调整控件的对齐，也不需要关心gui界面是否支持各种分辨率的桌面。而且界面都是可以运行时切换，只要写很少的切换代码。跨平台的图形库...

后悔，我怎么以前会用vb开发gui的 -_-!。

缺点，网上资料还比较少。而且在线文档都是英文的。不过如果英文好的话，到真的无所谓，因为wxPython的安装包本身提供的工具和资料也足够多，足够好了。

2. 开发入门

我使用ultraedit作为编辑器，wxPython自带的XRCed作为编辑xrc文件（一种xml格式的资源文件，类似于VC6中的RC文件）。

文档主要参考wxPython自带的在线文档和demo代码。不过关于如何使用xrc文件设计gui，wxPython自带的资料似乎还不够详细，这也是我写本文的原因。

通常情况下google"cvs def wxpython相关的关键字"可以快速找到开源的源代码参考。

如果这些例子还不够的话，就参考我的程序吧，这是一个商用程序的原型，我相信该程序的内容已经足够丰富了，应该比网上的一些wxPython教程中的hello world程序更有借鉴意义。

3. 源代码

两个文件，main.py是主程序，main.xrc是资源文件。只要安装了了python和wxpython，然后将这两个文件放在同一个目录中，运行main.py就可以了。

------------------------main.py-----------------------begin

##################################################################################

#General:

# read http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/UsingXmlResources for more information about how to use xrc

#Problems:

# google "(class 'wxMenuBar') not found ", visit http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Mail/Message/wxPython-users/2242126 ( wxGlade's problem?)

# google "TypeError: OnExit() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)" and visit http://www.gnuenterprise.org/irc-logs/gnue-public.log.2003-02-26 (wxPython's problem?)

# we *donot* want sash in splitter window to disappear. google "wxSplitterEvent" , get "The sash was double clicked. The default behaviour is to unsplit the window when this happens (unless *the minimum pane size has been set to a value greater than zero*, yes it is what we do in xrc)",

#Naming conventions:

# class._var1 = class shared variable (like static class data member in C++, BTW: see python online help for python's private variables's naming conventions )

# class.CapitalizeEveryWord = class method

# class.instance_data_member = instance's data member (like public data member in C++)

# m_file_shared_variables = variables prefixed with "m_" are shared in a file

# g_global_shared_variables = variables prefixed with "g_" are global variables

##################################################################################

from wxPython.wx import *

from wxPython.xrc import *

import sys

#the New Job dialog

class dlgNew:

def __init__(self,ctrl):

assert(ctrl<>None)

self.ctrl=ctrl

self.idc_textmode_txt=self.ctrl.FindWindowById(XRCID("idc_textmode_txt"))

assert(self.idc_textmode_txt<>None)

self.idc_new_runnow=self.ctrl.FindWindowById(XRCID("idc_new_runnow"))

assert(self.idc_new_runnow)

self.idc_new_jobname=self.ctrl.FindWindowById(XRCID("idc_new_jobname"))

assert(self.idc_new_jobname<>None)

self.MessageMap(self.ctrl)

def __del__(self):

#self.ctrl.Destroy()

pass

def MessageMap(self,ctrl):

EVT_BUTTON(ctrl, XRCID("idc_new_ok"), self.OnOK)

EVT_BUTTON(ctrl, XRCID("idc_new_cancel"), self.OnCancel)

EVT_BUTTON(ctrl, XRCID("idc_new_apply"), self.OnApply)

def OnOK(self,event):

if self.Validate():

self.OnApply(event)

self.ctrl.Close(True)

else:

# report error

pass

def OnCancel(self,event):

self.ctrl.Close(True)

def OnApply(self,event):

#save job

#if needed, submit it now

if self.idc_new_runnow.IsChecked():

pass

def Validate(self):

try:

if self.idc_textmode_txt.GetValue()==None:

assert(0)

raise

if self.idc_new_jobname.GetValue()==None:

assert(0)

raise

if not self.IsCmdValid(self.idc_textmode_txt.GetValue()):

assert(0)

raise

return True

except:

return False

def IsCmdValid(self,txt):

if txt==None:

assert(0);

return False

return True

class hostList:

def __init__(self, parent, id):

assert(parent<>None)

assert(id<>None)

self.id=id

self.ctrl=parent.FindWindowById(self.id)

assert(self.ctrl<>None)

#init list header

self.config_column=[ #id; #name; #size; #after filling data we resize

[0,"ID", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],

[1,"Job", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],

[2,"Work", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],

]

for c in self.config_column:

self.ctrl.InsertColumn(c[0],c[1])

self.ctrl.SetColumnWidth(c[0], c[2])

def Refresh(self,workers):

# filling data

self.ctrl.DeleteAllItems()

for i in range(0,5):

index = self.ctrl.InsertStringItem(sys.maxint, "") #insert nothing, just get index

self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 0, "val0") #0 means first column

self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 1, "val1")

self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 2, "val2")

# after filling data, resize column

for c in self.config_column:

self.ctrl.SetColumnWidth(c[0], c[3])

class jobList:

def __init__(self, parent, id, details=None):

assert(parent<>None)

assert(id<>None)

self.id=id

self.ctrl=parent.FindWindowById(self.id)

assert(self.ctrl<>None)

self.details=details

#init list header

self.config_column=[ #id; #name; #size; #after filling data we resize

[0,"ID", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],

[1,"Owner", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],

[2,"Name", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],

[3,"Status", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],

[4,"Work", wxLIST_AUTOSIZE_USEHEADER, wxLIST_AUTOSIZE],

]

for c in self.config_column:

self.ctrl.InsertColumn(c[0],c[1])

self.ctrl.SetColumnWidth(c[0], c[2])

self.MessageMap(self.ctrl)

def Refresh(self,jobs):

# data buffer shared by other

#print list_data #debug

self.ctrl.DeleteAllItems()

for i in range(0,5):

index = self.ctrl.InsertStringItem(sys.maxint, "") #insert nothing, just get index

self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 0, "val0") #0 means first column

self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 1, "val1")

self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 2, "val2")

self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 3, "val3") # add better conversion to text

self.ctrl.SetStringItem(index, 4, "val4")

# after filling data, resize column

for c in self.config_column:

self.ctrl.SetColumnWidth(c[0], c[3])

#----- Message Map and Event Handler ----- begin

def MessageMap(self,ctrl):

EVT_LIST_ITEM_SELECTED(ctrl,self.id,self.OnItemSelected)

EVT_LIST_ITEM_DESELECTED(ctrl,self.id,self.OnItemDeselected)

def OnItemSelected(self,event):

if self.details<>None:

#dump everything about a job

self.details.SetValue("rubbish data")

pass

def OnItemDeselected(self,event):

print "OnListItemDeselected" #debug

if self.details<>None:

self.details.Clear()

pass

#----- Message Map and Event Handler ----- end

#main application

class myApp(wxApp):

def OnInit(self):

#load ctrls from resources

self.res = wxXmlResource("main.xrc")

self.idf_main = self.res.LoadFrame(None, "idf_main")

self.idc_main_menubar = self.res.LoadMenuBar("idc_main_menubar")

self.idc_main_toolbar=self.res.LoadToolBar(self.idf_main,"idc_main_toolbar")

self.idc_splitter_twobar=self.idf_main.FindWindowById(XRCID("idc_splitter_twobar"))

self.idc_status_txt=self.idf_main.FindWindowById(XRCID("idc_status_txt"))

self.idc_jobs_list1=jobList(self.idf_main,XRCID("idc_jobs_list1"),self.idc_status_txt)

self.idc_jobs_list2=jobList(self.idf_main,XRCID("idc_jobs_list2"),self.idc_status_txt)

self.idc_hosts_list1=hostList(self.idf_main,XRCID("idc_hosts_list1"))

self.idc_hosts_list2=hostList(self.idf_main,XRCID("idc_hosts_list2"))

self.idd_new=dlgNew(self.res.LoadDialog(self.idf_main,"idd_new"))

# message map,

self.MessageMap(self.idf_main)

#binding ctrls

self.idf_main.SetMenuBar(self.idc_main_menubar)

self.idf_main.SetToolBar(self.idc_main_toolbar)

self.RefreshAll()

#show time

self.ShowMe()

return True

def RefreshAll(self):

# get full master state

self.RefreshAllJobList(None)

self.RefreshAllHostList(None)

# should alse display queue status somewhere (self.ms.state)

def RefreshAllJobList(self,jobs):

# jobList is a sequence of jobs (base class mgr.JobBase)

self.idc_jobs_list1.Refresh(jobs)

self.idc_jobs_list2.Refresh(jobs)

def RefreshAllHostList(self, workers):

# workers is dict of slave workers (base class mgr.Worker)

self.idc_hosts_list1.Refresh(workers)

self.idc_hosts_list2.Refresh(workers)

def ShowMe(self):

sizer = self.idf_main.GetSizer()

sizer.Fit(self.idf_main)

sizer.SetSizeHints(self.idf_main)

self.idf_main.Show(True)

self.SetTopWindow(self.idf_main)

def ShowMe(self):

sizer = self.idf_main.GetSizer()

sizer.Fit(self.idf_main)

sizer.SetSizeHints(self.idf_main)

self.idf_main.Show(True)

self.SetTopWindow(self.idf_main)

#----- Message Map and Event Handler ----- begin

def MessageMap(self,ctrl):

#menu

EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_pause_queue"), self.OnPauseQ)

EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_resume_queue"), self.OnResumeQ)

EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_new"), self.OnNew)

EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_exit"), self.OnBye)

EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_options"), self.OnOptions)

EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_index"), self.OnIndex)

EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_refresh"), self.OnRefresh)

EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_vertical"), self.OnVertical)

EVT_MENU(ctrl, XRCID("idm_main_about"), self.OnAbout)

#toolbar

EVT_MENU(ctrl,XRCID("idc_toolbar_new"), self.OnNew) #google "wxToolBar"

def OnPauseQ(self,event):

pass

def OnResumeQ(self,event):

pass

def OnNew(self,event):

self.idd_new.ctrl.ShowModal()

self.RefreshAll()

def OnAbout(self,event):

dlg = wxMessageDialog(self.idf_main, "None\n"

"Version 1.0\n"

"About Me", wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION)

dlg.ShowModal()

dlg.Destroy()

def OnBye(self,event):

print "hello, I am OnBye"

self.idf_main.Close(True)

def OnOptions(self,event):

print "hello, I am OnOptions"

def OnIndex(self,event):

print "hello, I am OnIndex"

def OnRefresh(self,event):

self.RefreshAll()

def OnVertical(self,event):

if not self.idc_splitter_twobar.IsSplit():

return

w1=self.idc_splitter_twobar.GetWindow1()

assert(w1)

w2=self.idc_splitter_twobar.GetWindow2()

assert(w2)

s=self.idc_splitter_twobar.GetSplitMode()

#some error

self.idc_splitter_twobar.Unsplit() #have to , see document

w1.Show(True) # when unsplitting , one pane hide , now we show them

w2.Show(True)

if s==wxSPLIT_VERTICAL:

self.idc_splitter_twobar.SplitHorizontally(w1,w2)

elif s==wxSPLIT_HORIZONTAL:

self.idc_splitter_twobar.SplitVertically(w1,w2)

else:

assert(0)

#----- Message Map and Event Handler ----- end

if __name__=="__main__":

app = myApp(0)

app.MainLoop()

------------------------main.py-----------------------end

------------------------main.xrc-----------------------begin

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<title>IDL Job Manager</title>

<orient>wxHORIZONTAL</orient>

<orientation>vertical</orientation>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

</object>

<label>Hosts</label>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

</object>

<label>Hosts</label>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

<label>Details</label>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

</object>

<label>Output</label>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

<label>Errors</label>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

<label>Master</label>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

<orientation>horizontal</orientation>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

</object>

</object>

<label>_Admin</label>

<label>_Run Queue</label>

</object>

<label>_Pause Queue</label>

</object>

<label>Resu_me Queue</label>

</object>

<label>_Options</label>

</object>

<label>_Login...</label>

</object>

</object>

<label>_Submit Job</label>

</object>

</object>

</object>

<label>_CancelJob</label>

</object>

<label>_Refresh</label>

</object>

<label>_Vertical Arrangement</label>

</object>

<label>_Index</label>

</object>

<label>_About ...</label>

</object>

</object>

</object>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

<value>resize -v2 -i L:/images/Kyle/Nasa1 -i L:/images/Kyle/Violin w=512 h=389</value>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

</object>

<label>category1</label>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

<orient>wxHORIZONTAL</orient>

<label>Option1:</label>

</object>

<value>value</value>

</object>

</object>

<orient>wxHORIZONTAL</orient>

<label>Option1:</label>

</object>

<value>value</value>

</object>

<orient>wxHORIZONTAL</orient>

<label>Option1:</label>

</object>

<value>value</value>

</object>

</object>

<label>category2</label>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

</object>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

<label>General</label>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

<orient>wxVERTICAL</orient>

</object>

<flag>wxRIGHT</flag>

</object>

<value>NEWJOB1</value>

</object>

<flag>wxALL|wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

<label>Owner:</label>

</object>

<flag>wxRIGHT</flag>

</object>

<value>NEWOWNER1</value>

</object>

<flag>wxALL|wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

<label>Submit Job &Immediately</label>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

<flag>wxEXPAND</flag>

</object>

<orient>wxHORIZONTAL</orient>

</object>

<flag>wxRIGHT</flag>

</object>

<label>&Cancel</label>

</object>

<flag>wxRIGHT</flag>

</object>

<label>&Apply</label>

</object>

<flag>wxRIGHT</flag>

</object>

<flag>wxALL|wxALIGN_CENTRE_HORIZONTAL</flag>

</object>

</object>

</resource>

------------------------main.xrc-----------------------end