很多情况下,我们需要一个Singleton窗体,比如,任务管理器就可以是windows应用系统中的一个Singleton,于是我们这样做:在窗体类的实现中添加一个静态指向单件的成员,提供一个静态的CreateInstance方法,当第一次调用此方法时创建单件。另外还要处理Closing事件,以使点击窗体右上角的“×”时,隐藏窗体。每次需要实现一个单件窗体时都要这么做,于是我决定写一个基类ISingletonDisplayer,一个窗体不用作任何改变,只需要将原来的基类Form改为ISingletonDisplayer就变成一个Singleton窗体,这就很方便了。先给出在VS2003中的实现。
public class ISingletonDisplayer : Form //从Form继承
{
private static ISingletonDisplayer singleton = null ;
private static bool toClean = false ;
protected ISingletonDisplayer()
{
this.Closing += new System.ComponentModel.CancelEventHandler(ISingletonDisplayer_Closing);
}
#region static for singleton
#region GetSingleton
public static ISingletonDisplayer GetSingleton()
{
if(ISingletonDisplayer.singleton != null)
{
ISingletonDisplayer.singleton.Visible = true ;
}
return ISingletonDisplayer.singleton ;
}
#endregion
#region ReCreateSingleton
//formOnUI存在是因为窗体只能在主线程(UI线程)中创建。
public static void ReCreateSingleton(Type targetType ,object[] args , Form formOnUI)
{
Type supType = typeof(ISingletonDisplayer) ;
if(! supType.IsAssignableFrom(targetType))
{
throw new Exception("Target type is not derived from ISingletonDisplayer !") ;
}
if(formOnUI.InvokeRequired)
{
object[] paras = {targetType ,args ,formOnUI} ;
formOnUI.Invoke(new CBackCreateForm(ISingletonDisplayer.ReCreateSingleton) ,paras) ;
}
else
{
try
{
ISingletonDisplayer.toClean = false ;
ISingletonDisplayer.singleton = (ISingletonDisplayer)Activator.CreateInstance(targetType ,args) ;
ISingletonDisplayer.singleton.Visible = false ;
}
catch(Exception ee)
{
throw ee ;
}
}
}
#endregion
#region DestroySingleton
public static void DestroySingleton()
{
ISingletonDisplayer.toClean = true ;
if(ISingletonDisplayer.singleton != null)
{
ISingletonDisplayer.singleton.Close() ;
ISingletonDisplayer.singleton = null ;
}
}
#endregion
#endregion
#region ISingletonDisplayer_Closing
private void ISingletonDisplayer_Closing(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)
{
if(! ISingletonDisplayer.toClean)
{
this.Visible = false ;
e.Cancel = true ;
return ;
}
}
#endregion
}
internal delegate void CBackCreateForm(Type targetType ,object[] args , Form formOnUI) ;
* 使用方法:
* 如果一个Displayer需要以Singleton模式呈现,那么可以先以常规的方式设计Displayer,设计过程中不需要涉及任何与单件
* 相关的东西。设计完后,只要将Displayer的基类由Form改为ISingletonDisplayer即可。接下来即可以单件的模式使用Displayer了。
*
* 如:
* public class AppServersInfoForm2 : ISingletonDisplayer{}
* object[] args = {obj} ;
* ISingletonDisplayer.ReCreateSingleton(typeof(AppServersInfoForm2) ,args ,formOnUI) ;
上面的实现很容易理解,但是上面的实现有一个弊病,因为所有的单件窗体都要公用一个静态的ISingletonDisplayer singleton 成员,所以一个应用程序中只能有一个单件继承自ISingletonDisplayer。/ 在VS2005中可以使用泛型突破此限制。
下面在看看在VS2005中的实现。
public class ISingletonDisplayer<T> : Form
{
private static ISingletonDisplayer<T> singleton = null ;
private static bool toClean = false ;
protected ISingletonDisplayer()
{
this.Closing += new System.ComponentModel.CancelEventHandler(ISingletonDisplayer_Closing);
}
public static ISingletonDisplayer<T> GetSingleton()
{
if(ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton != null)
{
ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton.Visible = true ;
}
return ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton ;
}
public static void ReCreateSingleton(Type targetType ,object[] args , Form formOnUI)
{
Type supType = typeof(ISingletonDisplayer) ;
if(! supType.IsAssignableFrom(targetType))
{
throw new Exception("Target type is not derived from ISingletonDisplayer<T> !") ;
}
if(formOnUI.InvokeRequired)
{
object[] paras = {targetType ,args ,formOnUI} ;
formOnUI.Invoke(new CBackCreateForm(ISingletonDisplayer<T>.ReCreateSingleton) ,paras) ;
}
else
{
try
{
ISingletonDisplayer<T>.toClean = false ;
ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton = (ISingletonDisplayer<T>)Activator.CreateInstance(targetType ,args) ;
ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton.Visible = false ;
}
catch(Exception ee)
{
throw ee ;
}
}
}
public static void DestroySingleton()
{
ISingletonDisplayer<T>.toClean = true ;
if(ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton != null)
{
ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton.Close() ;
ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton = null ;
}
}
private void ISingletonDisplayer_Closing(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)
{
if(! ISingletonDisplayer<T>.toClean)
{
this.Visible = false ;
e.Cancel = true ;
return ;
}
}
}
internal delegate void CBackCreateForm(Type targetType ,object[] args , Form formOnUI) ;
如:
public class AppServersInfoForm2 : ISingletonDisplayer<AppServersInfoForm2>{}
object[] args = {obj} ;
ISingletonDisplayer<AppServersInfoForm2>.ReCreateSingleton(typeof(AppServersInfoForm2) ,args ,this) ;
这样每个单件都有自己的静态实例,就不会相互干扰了。
如果你有更好的实现方法,欢迎和我讨论