经常看到一些程序在运行的时候有一个WINDOWS控制台，感觉非常COOL。实际上有的时候帮助你监视系统运行是很方便的，那么怎么样创建一个控制台呢？
实际上WINDOWS为你提供了一系列的API来完成这个功能，例如：ReadConsole,WriteConsole等，具体参见MSDN。
下面我们用一段代码来说明如何创建Console.
1。首先调用AllocConsole函数来为你进程创建一个Console，该API是将当前进程Attache到一个新创建的Console上。你还可以通过调用SetConsoleTitle(tstrName);来设置Console的Title.
2。使用WriteConsoleOutput来将信息输出到Console上；在输出之前，先要得到Console的HANDLE,这通过GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)来得到，然后将信息组织成Console的格式，然后输出。
3。关闭CONSOLE。当不需要这个CONSOLE的时候，调用FreeConsole来将当前进程从Console中Detach中。
4。通过创建一个进程来为监视你的CONSOLE输入和输出；你可以创建一个线程然后来，在线程中取得标准输入和输出CONSOLE的HANDLE，然后循环监视其事件，再对不同的事件进行处理。
下面是我写的一个实现以上功能的接口类：
//头文件
#pragma once
#include <Windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
class CConsoleOutInfo
{
public:
int m_cursorX;
int m_cursorY;
int m_cursorStartLine;
int m_cursorVisible;
LPBYTE m_consoleBuffer;
};
class CConsoleMgr
{
public:
CConsoleMgr(void);
virtual ~CConsoleMgr(void);
BOOL CreateConsole(TCHAR * tstrName,BOOL bFullDosMode=FALSE);
BOOL OutputToConsole(CConsoleOutInfo &outInfo);
BOOL CloseConsole();
BOOL ThreadIsStart(){return m_hConsoleThread&&m_idConsoleThread;}
virtual DWORD ProcessConsoleInput(INPUT_RECORD* pInputRec,DWORD dwInputs) =0;
protected:
void SetConsoleBufferSize(SMALL_RECT &writeRegion,
COORD &bufferSize,
COORD &bufferCoord);
void ResetThreadInfo();
private:
HANDLE m_hConsoleThread;
DWORD m_idConsoleThread;
};
//cpp文件
#include "StdAfx.h"
#include ".\consolemgr.h"
#define MAX_SHADOW_CONSOLE_INPUT_BUFFER 50
DWORD WINAPI ConsoleInputMonitor(LPVOID lParam);
BOOL WINAPI MyHandlerRoutine(DWORD dwCtrlType);
CConsoleMgr::CConsoleMgr(void)
{
ResetThreadInfo();
}
void CConsoleMgr::ResetThreadInfo()
{
m_hConsoleThread = 0;
m_idConsoleThread = 0;
}
CConsoleMgr::~CConsoleMgr(void)
{
if(m_hConsoleThread&&m_idConsoleThread)
CloseConsole();
}
BOOL CConsoleMgr::CreateConsole(TCHAR * tstrName,BOOL bFullDosMode)
{
m_hConsoleThread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, ConsoleInputMonitor,
this, CREATE_SUSPENDED, &m_idConsoleThread);
if (m_hConsoleThread)
{
SetThreadPriority(m_hConsoleThread, THREAD_PRIORITY_ABOVE_NORMAL);
if(AllocConsole())
{
SetConsoleTitle(tstrName);
SetConsoleCtrlHandler((PHANDLER_ROUTINE)MyHandlerRoutine,TRUE);
if(bFullDosMode)
{
SetConsoleTitle("Sharing Full Screen DOS");
keybd_event(VK_MENU, (BYTE)MapVirtualKey(VK_MENU, 0),
0, GetMessageExtraInfo());
// Simulate ENTER is pressed,
keybd_event(VK_RETURN, (BYTE)MapVirtualKey(VK_RETURN, 0),
0, GetMessageExtraInfo());
// Simulate ENTER is released,
keybd_event(VK_RETURN, (BYTE)MapVirtualKey(VK_RETURN, 0),
KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, GetMessageExtraInfo());
// Simulate ALT is released,
keybd_event(VK_MENU, (BYTE)MapVirtualKey(VK_MENU, 0),
KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, GetMessageExtraInfo());
}
SetThreadPriority(m_hConsoleThread, THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL);
ResumeThread(m_hConsoleThread);
}
return TRUE;
}
return FALSE;
}
void CConsoleMgr::SetConsoleBufferSize( SMALL_RECT &writeRegion,
COORD &bufferSize,
COORD &bufferCoord)
{
bufferSize.X = 80;
bufferSize.Y = 25;
bufferCoord.X = 0;
bufferCoord.Y = 0;
writeRegion.Top = 0;
writeRegion.Left = 0;
writeRegion.Bottom = 24;
writeRegion.Right = 79;
}
BOOL CConsoleMgr::OutputToConsole(CConsoleOutInfo &outInfo)
{
HANDLE hConsoleOutput;
COORD CursorPosition;
COORD bufferSize;
COORD bufferCoord;
SMALL_RECT writeRegion;
CHAR_INFO buffer[25*80];
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO ConsoleCursorInfo;
CursorPosition.X = (SHORT)outInfo.m_cursorX;
CursorPosition.Y = (SHORT)outInfo.m_cursorY;
if( outInfo.m_cursorStartLine == 0 )
ConsoleCursorInfo.dwSize = 14; //Default size
else
ConsoleCursorInfo.dwSize = (DWORD)(0x10-outInfo.m_cursorStartLine)*100/0x10;
ConsoleCursorInfo.bVisible = (BOOL)outInfo.m_cursorVisible;
// Convert the raw data to console screen buffer format.
for(int i=0; i<25*80; i++)
{
buffer[i].Char.AsciiChar = outInfo.m_consoleBuffer[i*2];
buffer[i].Attributes = outInfo.m_consoleBuffer[i*2+1];
}
SetConsoleBufferSize(writeRegion,bufferSize,bufferCoord);
// Write texts to screen.
hConsoleOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
WriteConsoleOutput(hConsoleOutput, buffer, bufferSize,
bufferCoord, &writeRegion);
// Set cursor information.
SetConsoleCursorInfo(hConsoleOutput, &ConsoleCursorInfo);
// Set cursor position.
SetConsoleCursorPosition(hConsoleOutput, CursorPosition);
return FALSE;
}
BOOL CConsoleMgr::CloseConsole()
{
DWORD dwEventNum;
INPUT_RECORD Input_Record;
Input_Record.EventType = MOUSE_EVENT;
Input_Record.Event.MouseEvent.dwMousePosition.X = 0;
Input_Record.Event.MouseEvent.dwMousePosition.Y = 0;
Input_Record.Event.MouseEvent.dwButtonState = 0;
Input_Record.Event.MouseEvent.dwControlKeyState = 0;
Input_Record.Event.MouseEvent.dwEventFlags = MOUSE_MOVED;
WriteConsoleInput(GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE), &Input_Record, 1, &dwEventNum);
SetConsoleCtrlHandler((PHANDLER_ROUTINE)MyHandlerRoutine,FALSE);
//Waiting for the thread termination.
if( WaitForSingleObject(m_hConsoleThread, 10000) == WAIT_TIMEOUT )
{
TerminateThread(m_hConsoleThread, 0);
}
CloseHandle(m_hConsoleThread);
FreeConsole();
ResetThreadInfo();
return FALSE;
}
DWORD WINAPI ConsoleInputMonitor(LPVOID lParam)
{
CConsoleMgr *pConsoleMgr = (CConsoleMgr *)lParam;
if(pConsoleMgr == NULL) return -1;
HANDLE hConsoleInput;
DWORD dwInputs;
INPUT_RECORD Input_Record[MAX_SHADOW_CONSOLE_INPUT_BUFFER];
hConsoleInput = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
FlushConsoleInputBuffer(hConsoleInput);
while( pConsoleMgr->ThreadIsStart() )
{
hConsoleInput = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
// If there are input events in buffer, this object is signaled
WaitForSingleObject(hConsoleInput, INFINITE);
GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents(hConsoleInput, &dwInputs);
ReadConsoleInput(hConsoleInput, Input_Record,
min(dwInputs,MAX_SHADOW_CONSOLE_INPUT_BUFFER),
&dwInputs);
pConsoleMgr->ProcessConsoleInput(Input_Record,0);
}
return 0;
}
BOOL WINAPI MyHandlerRoutine(DWORD dwCtrlType)
{
return TRUE;
}
如果你想为你的程序创建一个CONSOLE，那么你只要从该类继承即可，然后调用对应的方法。该类没有对输出进行格式化，所以使用起来有些不方便，过段时间处理一下。
