J2ME中使用socket开发联网程序

王朝java/jsp·作者佚名  2006-01-10
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在J2ME中基于UDP协议编程一文中介绍了如何使用Datagram和DatagramConnection来开发应用程序,本文将主要讲述在MIDP2.0中使用ServerSocketConnection和SocketConnection来开发联网应用程序。TCP协议是可以保证传输的质量的,这也是他和UDP的一大区别。由于以上谈到的四个类都属于GCF,他们在程序编写方面也非常相似,通常我们在Server端的某个端口监听,当客户端连接服务器的时候,则可以得到一个SocketConnection的实例。通过两端的SocketConnection则可以实现C/S结构的通信了。

首先看一下,ServerSocketConnection类,它的一个非常重要的方法就是acceptAndOpen()方法,这个方法返回一个SocketConnection实例,从而使得客户端和服务器端可以通过socket通信了。典型的代码如下:

// Create the server listening socket for port 1234

ServerSocketConnection scn = (ServerSocketConnection)

Connector.open("socket://:1234");

// Wait for a connection.

SocketConnection sc = (SocketConnection) scn.acceptAndOpen();

// Set application specific hints on the socket.

sc.setSocketOption(DELAY, 0);

sc.setSocketOption(LINGER, 0);

sc.setSocketOption(KEEPALIVE, 0);

sc.setSocketOption(RCVBUF, 128);

sc.setSocketOption(SNDBUF, 128);

// Get the input stream of the connection.

DataInputStream is = sc.openDataInputStream();

// Get the output stream of the connection.

DataOutputStream os = sc.openDataOutputStream();

// Read the input data.

String result = is.readUTF();

// Echo the data back to the sender.

os.writeUTF(result);

// Close everything.

is.close();

os.close();

sc.close();

scn.close();

..

SocketConnection的使用也是非常简单,通过Connector的open方法我们可以得到一个SocketConnection的实例。

SocketConnection sc = (SocketConnection)

Connector.open("socket://host.com:79");

sc.setSocketOption(SocketConnection.LINGER, 5);

InputStream is = sc.openInputStream();

OutputStream os = sc.openOutputStream();

os.write("\r\n".getBytes());

int ch = 0;

while(ch != -1) {

ch = is.read();

}

is.close();

os.close();

sc.close();

其实我们在用socket编写程序的时候无非遵循这样的一种规则:服务器端建立监听端口等待连接,客户端通过open()方法与服务器端建立连接,两端通过建立的socket传输数据,关闭连接。

下图是我在运行WTK中NetworkDemo的时候的截图!代码也一并发表出来。

package socket;

import javax.microedition.midlet.*;

import javax.microedition.io.*;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;

import java.io.*;

public class SocketMIDlet extends MIDlet implements CommandListener {

PRivate static final String SERVER = "Server";

private static final String CLIENT = "Client";

private static final String[] names = { SERVER, CLIENT };

private static Display display;

private Form f;

private ChoiceGroup cg;

private boolean isPaused;

private Server server;

private Client client;

private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1);

private Command startCommand = new Command("Start", Command.ITEM, 1);

public SocketMIDlet() {

display = Display.getDisplay(this);

f = new Form("Socket Demo");

cg = new ChoiceGroup("Please select peer", Choice.EXCLUSIVE, names,null);

f.append(cg);

f.addCommand(exitCommand);

f.addCommand(startCommand);

f.setCommandListener(this);

display.setCurrent(f);

}

public boolean isPaused() {

return isPaused;

}

public void startApp() {

isPaused = false;

}

public void pauseApp() {

isPaused = true;

}

public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) {

if (server != null) {

server.stop();

}

if (client != null) {

client.stop();

}

}

public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) {

if (c == exitCommand) {

destroyApp(true);

notifyDestroyed();

} else if (c == startCommand) {

String name = cg.getString(cg.getSelectedIndex());

if (name.equals(SERVER)) {

server = new Server(this);

server.start();

} else {

client = new Client(this);

client.start();

}

}

}

}

package socket;

import javax.microedition.midlet.*;

import javax.microedition.io.*;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;

import java.io.*;

public class Server implements Runnable, CommandListener {

private SocketMIDlet parent;

private Display display;

private Form f;

private StringItem si;

private TextField tf;

private boolean stop;

private Command sendCommand = new Command("Send", Command.ITEM, 1);

private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1);

InputStream is;

OutputStream os;

SocketConnection sc;

ServerSocketConnection scn;

Sender sender;

public Server(SocketMIDlet m) {

parent = m;

display = Display.getDisplay(parent);

f = new Form("Socket Server");

si = new StringItem("Status:", " ");

tf = new TextField("Send:", "", 30, TextField.ANY);

f.append(si);

f.append(tf);

f.addCommand(exitCommand);

f.setCommandListener(this);

display.setCurrent(f);

}

public void start() {

Thread t = new Thread(this);

t.start();

}

public void run() {

try {

si.setText("Waiting for connection");

scn = (ServerSocketConnection) Connector.open("socket://:5009");

// Wait for a connection.

sc = (SocketConnection) scn.acceptAndOpen();

si.setText("Connection accepted");

is = sc.openInputStream();

os = sc.openOutputStream();

sender = new Sender(os);

// Allow sending of messages only after Sender is created

f.addCommand(sendCommand);

while (true) {

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

int c = 0;

while (((c = is.read()) != '\n') && (c != -1)) {

sb.append((char) c);

}

if (c == -1) {

break;

}

si.setText("Message received - " + sb.toString());

}

stop();

si.setText("Connection is closed");

f.removeCommand(sendCommand);

} catch (IOException ioe) {

if (ioe.getMessage().equals("ServerSocket Open")) {

Alert a = new Alert("Server", "Port 5000 is already taken.",null, AlertType.ERROR);

a.setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER);

a.setCommandListener(this);

display.setCurrent(a);

} else {

if (!stop) {

ioe.printStackTrace();

}

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) {

if (c == sendCommand && !parent.isPaused()) {

sender.send(tf.getString());

}

if ((c == Alert.DISMISS_COMMAND) (c == exitCommand)) {

parent.notifyDestroyed();

parent.destroyApp(true);

}

}

/**

* Close all open streams

*/

public void stop() {

try {

stop = true;

if (is != null) {

is.close();

}

if (os != null) {

os.close();

}

if (sc != null) {

sc.close();

}

if (scn != null) {

scn.close();

}

} catch (IOException ioe) {

}

}

}

package socket;

import javax.microedition.midlet.*;

import javax.microedition.io.*;

import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;

import java.io.*;

public class Client implements Runnable, CommandListener {

private SocketMIDlet parent;

private Display display;

private Form f;

private StringItem si;

private TextField tf;

private boolean stop;

private Command sendCommand = new Command("Send", Command.ITEM, 1);

private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1);

InputStream is;

OutputStream os;

SocketConnection sc;

Sender sender;

public Client(SocketMIDlet m) {

parent = m;

display = Display.getDisplay(parent);

f = new Form("Socket Client");

si = new StringItem("Status:", " ");

tf = new TextField("Send:", "", 30, TextField.ANY);

f.append(si);

f.append(tf);

f.addCommand(exitCommand);

f.addCommand(sendCommand);

f.setCommandListener(this);

display.setCurrent(f);

}

/**

* Start the client thread

*/

public void start() {

Thread t = new Thread(this);

t.start();

}

public void run() {

try {

sc = (SocketConnection) Connector.open("socket://localhost:5009");

si.setText("Connected to server");

is = sc.openInputStream();

os = sc.openOutputStream();

// Start the thread for sending messages - see Sender's main

// comment for eXPlanation

sender = new Sender(os);

// Loop forever, receiving data

while (true) {

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

int c = 0;

while (((c = is.read()) != '\n') && (c != -1)) {

sb.append((char) c);

}

if (c == -1) {

break;

}

// Display message to user

si.setText("Message received - " + sb.toString());

}

stop();

si.setText("Connection closed");

f.removeCommand(sendCommand);

} catch (ConnectionNotFoundException cnfe) {

Alert a = new Alert("Client", "Please run Server MIDlet first",null, AlertType.ERROR);

a.setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER);

a.setCommandListener(this);

display.setCurrent(a);

} catch (IOException ioe) {

if (!stop) {

ioe.printStackTrace();

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) {

if (c == sendCommand && !parent.isPaused()) {

sender.send(tf.getString());

}

if ((c == Alert.DISMISS_COMMAND) (c == exitCommand)) {

parent.notifyDestroyed();

parent.destroyApp(true);

}

}

/**

* Close all open streams

*/

 
 
 
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