手工创建数据库完整步骤
系统环境
操作系统：Windows 2000 Server
数据库：Oracle 9i
安装路径：C:\Oracle
1、手工创建相关目录
C：\Oracle\admin\web
C：\Oracle\admin\web\bdump
C：\Oracle\admin\web\udump
C：\Oracle\admin\web\cdump
C：\Oracle\admin\web\pfile
C：\Oracle\admin\web\create
C：\Oracle\oradata\web
C：\Oracle\oradata\web\archive
2、手工创建初始化参数文件c:\oracle\admin\web\pfile\init.ora，内容可以copy别的实例init.ora文件后修改。
3、手工创建initweb.ora文件，内容：：ifile= c:\oracle\admin\web\pfile\init.ora
4、使用orapwd.exe命令，创建口令文件pwdweb.ora,命令格式如下：
orapwd.exe file=c:\oracle\ora90\database\pwdweb.ora password=ltjsb entries=5
5、通过oradim.exe命令，在服务里生成一个新的实例管理服务，启动方式为手工
set ORACLE_SID=web
C:\oracle\ora90\bin\oradim -new -sid WEB -startmode m
-pfile C:\oracle\ora90\database\initweb.ora
6、创建数据库，执行createdb.sql脚本命令，
SQL>sqlplus /nolog
SQL>connect SYS/change_on_install as SYSDBA
SQL>@Createdb.sql
Createdb.sql脚本内容如下：
set echo on
spool C:\oracle\admin\mydb\create\CreateDB.log
startup nomount pfile="C:\oracle\admin\web\pfile\init.ora";
CREATE DATABASE web
MAXINSTANCES 1
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXDATAFILES 100
DATAFILE ’C:\oracle\oradata\web\system01.dbf’ SIZE 325M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS" DATAFILE ’C:\oracle\oradata\web\undotbs01.dbf’ SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
LOGFILE GROUP 1 (’C:\oracle\oradata\web\redo01.log’) SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 (’C:\oracle\oradata\web\redo02.log’) SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 (’C:\oracle\oradata\web\redo03.log’) SIZE 100M;
spool off
exit;
注：创建数据库时，执行sql.bsqj脚本命令，此脚本命令创建如下内容：
创建控制文件和联机日志文件
创建数据库系统表空system
在system表空间上创建system系统回滚段
创建sys和system账号
创建基表和簇
创建数据字典表、索引和序列
创建相关角色权限
7、创建数据库数据文件，执行脚本createfiles.sql
SQL>sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect SYS/change_on_install as SYSDBA
SQL>@createfiles.sql
Createfiles.sql脚本内容如下：
set echo on
spool C:\oracle\admin\mydb\create\CreateDBFiles.log
CREATE TABLESPACE "INDX" LOGGING DATAFILE ’C:\oracle\oradata\web\indx01.dbf’ SIZE 25M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP" TEMPFILE ’C:\oracle\oradata\web\temp01.dbf’ SIZE 40M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP";
CREATE TABLESPACE "TOOLS" LOGGING DATAFILE ’C:\oracle\oradata\web\tools01.dbf’ SIZE 10M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 320K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
CREATE TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING DATAFILE ’C:\oracle\oradata\web\users01.dbf’ SIZE 25M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS" DATAFILE ’C:\oracle\oradata\web\undotbs01.dbf’ SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K;
spool off
exit;
8、创建数据字典，运行createdbcatalog.sql脚本命令
SQL>sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect SYS/change_on_install as SYSDBA
SQL>@createdbcatalog.sql
Createdbcatalog.sql脚本内容如下：
set echo on
spool C:\oracle\admin\mydb\create\CreateDBCatalog.log
@C:\oracle\ora90\rdbms\admin\catalog.sql;
@C:\oracle\ora90\rdbms\admin\catexp7.sql;
@C:\oracle\ora90\rdbms\admin\catblock.sql;
@C:\oracle\ora90\rdbms\admin\catproc.sql;
@C:\oracle\ora90\rdbms\admin\catoctk.sql;
@C:\oracle\ora90\rdbms\admin\catobtk.sql;
@C:\oracle\ora90\rdbms\admin\caths.sql;
@C:\oracle\ora90\rdbms\admin\owminst.plb;
connect SYSTEM/manager
@C:\oracle\ora90\sqlplus\admin\pupbld.sql;
connect SYSTEM/manager
set echo on
spool C:\oracle\ora90\assistants\dbca\logs\sqlPlusHelp.log
@C:\oracle\ora90\sqlplus\admin\help\hlpbld.sql helpus.sql;
spool off
spool off
exit;
9、完善数据库,创建spfile文件，将数据库实例启动服务设置成自动启动方式。
SQL>sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect SYS/change_on_install as SYSDBA
SQL> @postdbcreation.sql
Postdbcreation.sql脚本内容如下：
set echo on
spool C:\oracle\admin\web\create\postDBCreation.log
create spfile=’C:\oracle\ora90\database\spfileweb.ora’ FROM pfile=’C:\oracle\admin\web\init.ora’;
connect SYS/change_on_install as SYSDBA
set echo on
spool C:\oracle\ora90\assistants\dbca\logs\postDBCreation.log
shutdown ;
startup ;
注：以上都设置PATH环境变量，将bin目录加入到PATH中以便于使用工具GMGRLl,sqlplus等。
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手工创建数据库的全部脚本及说明
系统环境：
1、操作系统：Windows 2000 Server，机器内存128M
2、数据库：Oracle 8i R2 (8.1.6) for NT 企业版
3、安装路径：D:\ORACLE
建库步骤：
1、手工创建相关目录
D:\Oracle\admin\test
D:\Oracle\admin\test\adhoc
D:\Oracle\admin\test\bdump
D:\Oracle\admin\test\cdump
D:\Oracle\admin\test\create
D:\Oracle\admin\test\exp
D:\Oracle\admin\test\pfile
D:\Oracle\admin\test\udump
D:\Oracle\oradata\test
D:\Oracle\oradata\test\archive
2、手工创建初始化启动参数文件：D:\Oracle\admin\test\pfile\inittest.ora，内容：
3、手工创建D:\Oracle\Ora81\DATABASE\inittest.ora文件，
内容：IFILE=’D:\Oracle\admin\test\pfile\inittest.ora’
4、使用orapwd.exe命令，创建D:\Oracle\Ora81\DATABASE\PWDtest.ora
命令：D:\Oracle\Ora81\bin\orapwd file=D:\Oracle\Ora81\DATABASE\PWDtest.ora password=ORACLE entries=5
5、通过oradim.exe命令，在服务里生成一个新的实例管理服务，启动方式为手工
set ORACLE_SID=test
D:\Oracle\Ora81\bin\oradim -new -sid test -startmode manual -pfile "D:\Oracle\admin\test\pfile\inittest.ora"
6、生成各种数据库对象
D:\>svrmgrl
--创建数据库
connect INTERNAL/oracle
startup nomount pfile="D:\Oracle\admin\test\pfile\inittest.ora"
CREATE DATABASE test
LOGFILE ’D:\Oracle\oradata\test\redo01.log’ SIZE 2048K,
’D:\Oracle\oradata\test\redo02.log’ SIZE 2048K,
’D:\Oracle\oradata\test\redo03.log’ SIZE 2048K
MAXLOGFILES 32
MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
DATAFILE ’D:\Oracle\oradata\test\system01.dbf’ SIZE 58M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K
MAXDATAFILES 254
MAXINSTANCES 1
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
控制文件、日志文件在上面语句执行时生成
connect INTERNAL/oracle
--修改系统表空间
ALTER TABLESPACE SYSTEM DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 64K NEXT 64K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED PCTINCREASE 50);
ALTER TABLESPACE SYSTEM MINIMUM EXTENT 64K;
--创建回滚表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE RBS DATAFILE ’D:\Oracle\oradata\test\rbs01.dbf’ SIZE 256M REUSE
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K
MINIMUM EXTENT 512K
DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 512K NEXT 512K MINEXTENTS 8 MAXEXTENTS 4096);
--创建用户表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE ’D:\Oracle\oradata\test\users01.dbf’ SIZE 128M REUSE
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K
MINIMUM EXTENT 128K
DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 128K NEXT 128K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 4096 PCTINCREASE 0);
--创建临时表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE TEMP DATAFILE ’D:\Oracle\oradata\test\temp01.dbf’ SIZE 32M REUSE
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K
MINIMUM EXTENT 64K
DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 64K NEXT 64K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED PCTINCREASE 0) TEMPORARY;
--创建工具表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE TOOLS DATAFILE ’D:\Oracle\oradata\test\tools01.dbf’ SIZE 64M REUSE
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 320K
MINIMUM EXTENT 32K
DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 32K NEXT 32K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 4096 PCTINCREASE 0);
--创建索引表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE INDX DATAFILE ’D:\Oracle\oradata\test\indx01.dbf’ SIZE 32M REUSE
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K
MINIMUM EXTENT 128K
DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 128K NEXT 128K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 4096 PCTINCREASE 0);
--创建回滚段
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS0 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS1 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS2 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS3 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS4 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS5 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS6 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS7 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS8 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS9 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS10 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS11 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS12 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS13 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS14 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS15 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS16 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS17 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS18 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS19 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS20 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS21 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS22 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS23 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS24 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
--使回滚段在线
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS0" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS1" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS2" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS3" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS4" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS5" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS6" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS7" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS8" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS9" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS10" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS11" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS12" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS13" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS14" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS15" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS16" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS17" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS18" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS19" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS20" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS21" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS22" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS23" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS24" ONLINE;
--修改sys用户的临时表空间为TEMP
alter user sys temporary tablespace TEMP;
--创建数据字典表
@D:\Oracle\Ora81\Rdbms\admin\catalog.sql;
@D:\Oracle\Ora81\Rdbms\admin\catexp7.sql
@D:\Oracle\Ora81\Rdbms\admin\catproc.sql
@D:\Oracle\Ora81\Rdbms\admin\caths.sql
connect system/manager
@D:\Oracle\Ora81\sqlplus\admin\pupbld.sql
connect internal/oracle
@D:\Oracle\Ora81\Rdbms\admin\catrep.sql
exit
--生成SQL*Plus帮助系统
sqlplus SYSTEM/manager
@D:\Oracle\Ora81\sqlplus\admin\help\helpbld.sql helpus.sql
exit
--修改system用户默认表空间和临时表空间
svrmgrl
connect internal/oracle
alter user system default tablespace TOOLS;
alter user system temporary tablespace TEMP;
exit
7、将test实例启动服务设置成自动启动方式
D:\Oracle\Ora81\bin\oradim -edit -sid test -startmode auto
