surging--- To increase suddenly. Used of electric current or voltage猛增=accelerating
surpass--- To be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed胜过=exceed, outrun
sustain--- To keep in existence; maintain继续生存；维持=maintain
sustenance--- Something, especially food, that sustains life or health营养物，尤指食物=fare Food and drink; diet食物和饮料
Means of livelihood生计=livelihood
supplement---Something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole补充物，用来完成某事、补充不足、扩展或加强=extension
An addition that increases the area, influence, operation, or contents of something扩大
supreme---Greatest in importance, degree, significance, character, or achievement最重要的=outstanding
succinct---Characterized by clear, precise expression in few words; concise and terse简明的=concise
sufficient---Being as much as is needed充足的=adequate
sumptuous---Of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish豪华的；花费奢侈的=luxurious
substantial--Considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent有重大价值的=considerable Worthy of consideration; significant重要的
substitute---One that takes the place of another; a replacement代用品=replacement, in place of代替
subsidize---To assist or support with a subsidy以津贴补助=finance To supply funds to给…提供资金
subtle--So slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive纤细的，细小的=slight
submit---提出，提交=present提出；呈递
subsidy---Monetary assistance granted by a government to a person orsgroupsin support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest补助金=financing融通资金
subject to ---在...条件下;易受...的侵袭;受控制=expose to, susceptible to
stretch---A continuous or unbroken length, area, or expanse连续不断的长度，地区或空间=span The extent or measure of space between two points or extremities, as of a bridge or roof; the breadth跨度两点或两端间的空间
strike---To engage in a strike against an employer罢工=walkout
To come to; attain来到；到达= make contact with
striking--- Arresting the attention and producing a vivid impression on the sight or the mind.惹人注目的=prominent Immediately noticeable; conspicuous显眼的
stringent--- Imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe严格的=strict
stimulus--- Something that incites or rouses to action; an incentive激发物=motivate
strain ---To pull, draw, or stretch tight拉紧=tension The act or process of stretching something tight拉紧
stationary--- Not capable of being moved; fixed不能被移动的；固定的=fixed, immobile
status---Position relative to that of others; standing地位=standing
sticky---shavingsthe property of adhering or sticking to a surface; adhesive粘的=adhere, cement
staple--- A basic or principal element or feature主要成分，基本成分=basic element
squirt--- To issue forth in a thin forceful stream or jet; spurt喷=spurt out v.喷出
staggering-- Causing great astonishment, amazement, or dismay; overwhelming令人大为吃惊、惊讶或沮丧的；使束手无策的=overwhelming
spur--- To incite or stimulate刺激，鞭策=stimulate
speculate about--- To assume to be true without conclusive evidence推测=hypothesize To assert as a hypothesis假设
spinal---Of, relating to, or situated near the spine or spinal cord; vertebral脊柱的=backbone
spark--- To set in motion; activate发动；触发=bring about引起;致使;造成;达成
spawn--- To give rise to; engender造成；使产生=create
solemn--- Deeply earnest, serious, and sober庄严的，极认真的，严肃的=serious
slope---declivity A downward slope, as of a hill斜坡
smother--- To suffocate (another)使窒息=eliminate To get rid of; remove消灭；消除
snap--- To pull apart or break with a snapping sound折断=break
signify--- To denote; mean表示…的意思=denote
simultaneously---同时存在[发生]地=concurrently同时发生的，并存的；合作的
skepticism-- A doubting or questioning attitude or state of mind; dubiety怀疑态度=doubt
shield--- To protect or defend with or as if with a shield; guard保护、防卫=protect
secrete-- To conceal in a hiding place; cache躲藏=produce？？
scarce--- Hard to find; absent or rare难得的；缺少的或罕见的=rare
scores--- A composition written for a musical comedy配乐=musical compositions音乐作品
scent--- A perfume香水=perfume
scale--- To climb up or over; ascend攀登=climb
sanitation--- Formulation and application of measures designed to protect public health.
卫生措施=health
tremendous--- Extremely large in amount, extent, or degree; enormous巨大的=huge, greatly
trend--- A general tendency or inclination趋向=tendency
trap--- A contrivance for catching and holding animals, as a concealed pit or a clamp like device that springs shut suddenly陷阱=entomb To place in or as if in a tomb or grave埋葬
trace--- A visible mark, such as a footprint, made or left by the passage of a person, an animal, or a thing痕迹=imprint, residue The remainder of something after removal of parts or a part残留物
textile--- A cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting; a fabric纺织品=cloth, fabric
terrestrial--- Of, relating to, or composed of land陆地的=land
terrain--- An area of land; ground地区；地带=land
tedium--- The quality or condition of being tedious; tediousness or boredom单调乏味=tiresome
temporarily--- Lasting, used, serving, or enjoyed for a limited time在有限的时间内持续地、被使用、发挥作用=makeshift A temporary or expedient substitute for something else.
权宜之计,暂时或临时替代其它事物的东西
usher--- To precede and introduce; inaugurate宣告，展示介绍；开始，开创=begin
unrestricted--- adj.无限制的,自由的=unlimited
unsubstantiated---未经证实的，未经证明的=unverified未经证实的，未经核对的
unravel--- To separate and clarify the elements of (something mysterious or baffling); solve分散并澄清=discover
undoubtedly---确实，无疑地，必定=unquestionably不成问题的;无可非议的;无可指责的
undergo--- To pass through; experience经过；经历=experience
unadorned--- Without adornment or embellishment; simple or plain未加装饰的；简单的，朴素的=plain
venerable--- Commanding respect by virtue of age, dignity, character, or position值得敬重的，令人崇敬的=worship Ardent devotion; adoration.热烈的崇拜；崇敬
variable--- Likely to change or vary; subject to variation; changeable易变的=unstable
vivid--- Evoking lifelike images within the mind; heard, seen, or felt as if real生动的=graphic Described in vivid detail生动细致地描写的
witness--- To take note of; observe作记录；观察=observe
yield--- To give forth by or as if by a natural process, especially by cultivation生产=provide, produce
Supplements
adjunct-addition辅助-附加
coarse-rough粗糙-粗糙
collectively-together共同的-一起
conclusive-definitive最后的，结论性的-最后的，确定性的
concomitant with-in conjunction with与…相一致-与…相一致
condone-mercy宽恕-宽恕
conflict-opposition冲突-相反
considerable-great(数量、程度)巨大的-巨大的
considerable-much大量的-大量的，坚实的
considerable-substantial大量的-大量的，坚实的
consort-associate合伙人，伴侣-合伙人，伙伴
consult-counsel商量-商量
contemporary-existing当代的-现存的
customary-usual习俗的-一般的
dampen-moisten使潮湿-使潮湿
daring-bold大胆的-大胆的
demand-order要求-命令
demonstrate-show证明-显示
dirt-soil土壤-土壤
disaster-catastrophe灾祸-大灾祸
discreet-careful谨慎的-小心的
disseminate-spread/impart/inform传播-散布/传播/传播
distinct-different截然不同的-不同的
distinct-obvious明显的-明显的
distinct-separate分别的，截然不同的-分离的
distinction-difference区别-差别
draw-attract吸引-吸引
embrace-welcome(欣然)接受-欢迎
embrace-recipient接受者-接受者，收件人
enable-allow使能够-允许
end-goal目的-目的
entomb-trap埋葬-使陷于…之中
eradicate-eliminate根除-清除
execute-create(按计划和设计)做成，制成-创造
expedient-makeshift权宜之计-权宜之计
exponential leaps-rapid increases几何级数般的跳跃-快速增加
expose-uncover揭露-揭露
first rank-highest quality顶级的-最高档次的
fixture-commonplace object固定设备-常规物体
flatter-compliment奉承-赞美
frame-pose给…设框-使摆好姿势
fundamental-basic基本的-基本的
glow-shine发光-发光
hard-firm坚硬的-坚硬的
hemisphere-side半球-一侧
incise-carve切割-雕刻
ingot-a block of metal金属锭-一块金属
initially-at first最初-第一
instance-case案例-案例
instantaneous-immediate立杆见影的-立即的
intervention-influence干涉-影响
inviting-attractive吸引人的-吸引人的
lament-complain about令人对…感到遗憾-抱怨
lure-attract引诱-吸引
maneuver-trick策略，花招-诡计
margin-edge边缘-边缘
meticulous-careful谨小慎微的，过分注意细节的-小心的
milestone-significant development里程碑-重大的发展
minuscule-tiny微小的-微小的
minute-tiny微小的-微小的
monopolize-dominate垄断-支配
moreover-furthermore进一步说-进一步说
mundane-ordinary世俗的-平常的
myriad of-many无数的-许多的
nevertheless-however然而-然而
novel-innovative新颖的-创新的
outline-summarization概要-概述
outstanding-excellent出类拔萃的-很好的
peak-maximum顶峰-最大值
peculiar-distinctive独特的-独特的
pertinent-relevant相关的-相关的
phenomenon-event现象-事件
pick up-follow沿着-沿着
picture-imagine/describe想象，描写-想象/描写
ponder-meditate沉思-沉思
ponderous-heavy笨重的-沉重的
pore-hole孔-洞
position-location位置-位置
potential-possible潜在的-可能的
prefer-favor倾向，喜欢-喜欢
preoccupation-involvement全神贯注-全神贯注
preside over-manage掌管-掌管
prominent-prestigious卓越的-著名的
rapid-swift快速的-迅速的
rather-instead相反-相反
readily-easily容易地-容易地
realization-awareness认识到-认识到
reap-gain收获-获得
reckless-irresponsible不负责任的-不负责任的
relate-connect与…有关-与…有关
reliance-dependence依靠-依靠
remarkable-extraordinary非凡的-非凡的
roll back-reduce把…压到标准水平-降低，减少
roughly-approximately大约-大概
secure-acquire弄到，获得-获得
secure-safe安全的-安全的
set-establish设置-建立
settle-locate定居-坐落
shy away from-avoid躲避-躲避
since-because因为-因为
site-location地点-位置
skilled-expert熟练的-熟练的
skyrocket-increase rapidly快速上升-迅速增加
sole-only唯一的-唯一的
sort out-separate区分-分离
spot-identify发现-确定，鉴别
story-tale故事-故事
strategy-scam/trick诡计-诡计/诡计
strength-basis力量的源泉-基础
stress-emphasize强调-强调
stringent-strict严格的-严格的
struggle-competition挣扎-竞争
succinct-concise/terse简短的-简明的/简短的
supposed-seeming假定的-表面上的
supremacy-dominance至高无上-优势
suspend-hang悬挂-悬挂
tangle-twist/jumble纠缠-缠绕、使混乱
tempting-attractive吸引人的-吸引人的
thankful-grateful感谢-感激
uniform-integrate统一-整合
unique-particular独一无二的-独特的
vary-differ改变-与…不同
vast-large宽广的，巨大的-巨大的
vibrate-convulse震动-震动
vigilant-alert警惕的-警惕的
virtually-actually/practically/almost实质上(几乎)-实际上(几乎)/实际上(几乎)/几乎
