一、作表语：形容词和副词的混用
1. be + adv. -> be + adj.
eg: be rarly -> be rare
2. be + noun. + prep -> be + adj. +prep
eg: be value for -> be valuable for
be fame for -> be famous for
3. be origin based on 错 表语唯一
be forcibily 错
be completely enclosed 对
be originally a poem 对
be typicaly concerned with 对
be generally with 对
┏数+noun.
be + noun./adj./分词 +┃adj.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ┗分词短语
┗>adv.
二、作宾语时，名词和动名词的混用
*原则：名词比动名词优先
from their kinding 错
food supplying错
区别：名词作宾语，后面不可接名词
动名词作宾语，后面可接名词
动名词前可加the:the making of any work of art
动名词前加the 后变化为一个纯粹的名词，不可再加名词了
三、状语从句引导词与近义介词/adv.的混用
1. when, while/during, in
* when, while+ noun. 永远错
during + 句子 永远错
2. although/despite
despite + 句子 永远错
despite the fact that 对
3. even though/even
前者为连词，后者为副词
even + 句子 永远错
四、平衡连接词与近义副词的混用
1. and/also
前连后副
V also V 对
noun. also noun. 错
2. or / else
前连后副
by scant else by color 错
3. but/instead
前连后副
五、表示人的名词与表示物的同根名词的混用
architect -> architectural
inventor -> inventation
sculptor -> sculpture
poet -> poem, poetry
novelist -> novel
educator -> education
settler -> settlement
composer -> composition
engineer -> engineering
六、作定语，名词和形容词的混用
原则：表示同一概念的形容词比名词优先
eg: certain 比certainty优先
当意义不同时，就无所谓优先
如： color monitor 彩显
colorful monitor 外观彩色的显示器
colorful effect 多彩的效果
color effect 彩色效果
例外：
1. 没有表示同一概念的形容词时，只能用名词修饰
the city or regional planning
Beijing city commercial bank
the state government
2. noun. + noun. 为特定含义时，不改为adj.
safty glass 防弹玻璃
exhibition flights 飞行表演
color monitor 彩显
3. noun.修饰noun.，表示后一个名词的本质属性，品质，种类时，不改adj.
***noun. + noun. 最后选
beauty salon对
intelligence test 对
＊noun.+noun.在一起 a. 最后选
b. 有无同概念形容词
c. 看句意
七、作修饰语，形容词和副词的混用
1.副词永远不能修饰名词
up arms -> upper arms
注意陷阱：adv. + 同位语
* special 永远改especially
The common cold, (which is) normally a minor illness, can threaten
the health of patient.
2. adj. + adj. + noun.
依次修饰关系
an old red car
a frequent pretty girl(??)
3. adv. + 数 + noun. ; 数 + adj. + noun. 对
数 + adv. + noun. ; adj. + 数 + noun. 错
adv. + 数 + adj. + noun. 对
4. ┏ adj.
┃ V
adj. + ┃ prep.
~~~~ ┃ adv.
┗>adv. ┃ 分词短语
┗ 数词
