2005年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试 英语考试试题（3）
考生注意事项
1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。
2. 答题前，考生应将答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息填写清楚，并与准考证上的一致。
3. 答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。
（1） 词汇知识、综合填空、阅读理解的答案填涂在答题卡上，英译汉的答案和作文的答案写在答题纸上。
（2） 填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。书写部分（英译汉的答案和作文）必须用蓝（黑）色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡上作答。
4. 答题卡严禁折叠。考试结束后，将答题卡和答题纸一起放入原试卷袋中，
试卷交给监考人员。
Section I Vocabulary
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
1. The firm kept losing money and finally went ______ in that no one would buy its products.
A. bullish B. profitable C. broke D. receivable
2. I phoned to the bank to ______ how much money there was in my account.
A. confirm B. inspect C. survey D. check
3. The government manages to affect the level of aggregate demand through ______ and monetary policy.
A. commercial B. fiscal C. sluggish D. industrial
4. There is a serious border dispute between the two countries, so they have agreed to open ______ to try to settle the dispute.
A. discussions B. conferences C. negotiations D. treaties
5. It is reported that the inflation in that country has ______ the construction costs skyward.
A. kited B. launched C. granted D. overdrawn
6. She was an ______ writer because she persuaded many people to see the truth of her ideas.
A. influential B. optimistic C. accurate D. enthusiastic
7. The Bank of China is a bank by special ______ of our country to handle foreign exchange transactions.
A. mediator B. reserve C. posting D. sanction
8. The President will ______ his message by radio so that a very large number of people will be able to hear it.
A. transform B. transport C. transfer D. transmit
9. I shall expect that you will, before long, be able to ______ me the net proceeds in a good bill.
A. rebate B. rationalize C. remit D. reject
10. There was not a ______ of truth in what they said; their deeds were not in the least consistent with their words.
A. portion B. fraction C. segment D. sector
11. The recent ______ in the market here makes it unavoidable for us to cancel the remainder of our order.
A. stock B. slump C. spiral D. satiety
12. Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves ______ know where to find them.
A. virtually B. unavoidably C. reliably D. invariably
13. The shipment of 500 bales of cotton yarn will be ______ for delivery in July.
A. convertible B. invalid C. due D. void
14. The rich man had his lawyer ______ his will so that each of his children would receive part of his money when he died.
A. figure out B. work out C. draw up D. carry out
15. We are going to ______ you firm 2,000 color TV sets at US $ 210 per set on the usual terms.
A. offer B. invest C. order D. peculate
16. Many local authorities realize the need to make ______ for elderly people in their housing programs.
A. assistance B. condition C. admittance D. provision
17. A typical MNC ______ all its resources to achieve the highest possible efficiency and obtain he maximum return on investments.
A. prepays B. pools C. owes D. ransoms
18. A book had been stolen but the teacher said he was sure Jack was ______.
A. sympathetic B. involved C. evident D. innocent
19. Those washing machines have been ______ for several weeks because they are popular.
A. overdue B. mature C. out-of-stock D. bonded
20. To ______ the students life, our university has established many recreational facilities.
A. enrich B. verify C. enhance D. classify
Section II Cloze
Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Literature is a form of art that can be enjoyed without formal instruction. However, people with 21 knowledge of literature may miss a lot when reading a novel, short story, poem, play, or 22 . These readers are comparable to the 23 at a football game who watch the game and 24 it without really understanding the complex movements occurring on the field. Although they may enjoy the 25 , many spectators watch only the ball entirely, missing the contribution of other members 26 the total play as well as the intricacies occurring within the 27 . A person who understands football－ 28 better yet, has played the game-is more capable of judging when a team is playing well or 29 and is also likely to enjoy a “good” game more. The 30 is true of reading literature. Most people have read numerous 31 works, but many do not understand or appreciate the author’s skill in communicating. This book 32 intended to help you learn to 33 attention not only on what happens, but on 34 it happens and how the author has 35 it－to analyze and evaluate literary works so that you can fully experience and appreciate them.
21. A. abundant B. informal C. necessary D. limited
22. A. fiction B. poetry C. essay D. art
23. A. audience B. spectators C. coaches D. players
24. A. like B. appreciate C. enjoy D. evaluate
25.A. game B. scene C. work D. art
26. A. of B. within C. to D. about
27. A. offence B. game C. defense D. team
28. A. but B. even C. and D. or
29. A. skillfully B. successfully C. poorly D. badly
30. A. same B. reason C. other D. point
31. A. instructive B. influential C. wonderful D. literary
32. A. will be B. has been C. is D. was
33. A. pay B. call C. draw D. concentrate
34. A. why B. where C. how D. when
35. A. narrated B. presented C. maintained D. explained
Section III Reading Comprehension
Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Passage One
Business has slowed, layoffs mount, but executive pay continues to roar－at least so far. Business Week’s annual survey finds that chief executive officers (CEOs) at 365 of the largest US companies got compensation last year averaging $3.1 million－up 1.3 percent from 1994.
Why are the top bosses getting an estimated 485 times the pay of a typical factory worker? That is up from 475 times in 1999 and a mere 42 times in 1980. One reason may be what experts call the “Lake Wobegon effect”. Corporate boards tend to reckon that “all CEOs are above average”－a play on Garrison Keillor’s famous line in his public radio show, A Prairie Home Companion, that all the town’s children are “above average”. Consultants provide boards with surveys of corporate CEO compensation. Since directors are reluctant to regard their CEOs as below average, the compensation committees of boards tend to set pay at an above-average level. The result: Pay levels get ratcheted up（一步步增加）.
Defenders of lavish ECO pay argue there is such a strong demand for experienced CEOs that the free market forces their pay up. They further maintain most boards structure pay packages to reflect an executive’s performance. They get paid more if their companies and their stock do well. So companies with high-paid CEOs generate great wealth for their shareholders.
But the supposed cream-of-the-crop executives did surprisingly poorly for their shareholders in 1999, says Scott Klinger, author of this report by a Boston-based Organization United for a Fair Economy. If an investor had put 10,000 apiece at the end of 1999 into the stock of those companies with the 10 highest-paid CEOs, by year-end 2000 the investment would have shrunk to $8,132. If $10,000 had been put into the Standard & Poor’s 500 stocks, it would have been worth $9,090. To Mr. Klinger, these findings suggest that the theory that one person, the CEO, is responsible for creating most of a corporation’s value is dead wrong. “It takes many employees to make a corporation profitable.”
With profits down, corporate boards may make more effort to tame executive compensation. And executives are making greater efforts to avoid pay cuts. Some CEOs, seeing their options “under water” or worthless because of falling stock prices, are seeking more pay in cash or in restricted stock.
36. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. chief executive officers have dismissed many workers since business slowed
B. business has slowed for executive pay increased too much
C. pay of top bosses continues to increase while more workers are unemployed
D. pay of both CEOs and factory workers continue to increase
37. The author mentioned “Lake Wobegon effect” in paragraph 2 in order to ______.
A. explain why all CEOs are above average
B. show the play named A Prairie Home companion
C. describe the town’s children who are above average
D. suggest one possible reason for why CEOs get high pay
38. According to the passage, Scott Klinger thinks ______.
A. all chief executive officers are above average
B. high executive pay reflects executives’ performance
C. the performance of high-paid executives wasn’t satisfying
D. the CEOs have created most of corporations’ value
39. The expression “cream-of-the-crop” (Para. 4) most probably means ______.
A. creative B. high-quality C. delicious D. cunning
40. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A. Still High in A Slowdown, Executive Pay Draws Looks.
B. Layoffs Mount While Executive Pay Roars.
C. The Story Happened in Lake Wobegon.
D. Defenders of Lavish CEO Pay.
Passage Two
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, BF. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Nature or Nurture. B. Cooperate or Competitive.
C. Intelligence: Product of Experiences. D. Behavior: Product of Instincts.
42. What does the author mean by “two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed” (Para. 2)?
A. Two different schools have been established to study the matter.
B. Two different kinds of ideas have formed.
C. The two schools are debating with each other.
D. Because of the two schools, there are two approaches and debates.
43. According to the passage, behaviorists believe that ______.
A. humans should behave mechanically
B. human behavior patterns are based on biological and genetic factors
C. human behavior is determined mainly by their surroundings
D. factors in the environment have little influence on people’s personalities
44. As to blacks score below whites on standardized intelligence tests in the United States, we think it probable that ______.
A. blacks are genetically inferior to whites
B. blacks don’t have the same opportunity for education as whites do
C. blacks and whites develop different responses
D. none of the above statements gives a satisfactory answer
45. It can be inferred from the passage that the controversy will continue for a long time, because ______.
A. there are two schools working on it B. the key to human behavior is difficult to find
C. both theories are strong D. each of the theory has gone to an extreme
Passage Three
For many years, colleges and universities across the United States have sought to increase the numbers of African American, Hispanic and Native American students who pursue scientific careers. Yet the College Board reported in 1999 that underrepresentation of minority students had become even “more intractable.”
African Americans now constitute 12 percent of the U.S. population yet earned only 1 percent of the doctorates in 1997. Hispanics make up 11 percent of the population but earned 0.9 percent of the 1997 doctorates. Although the numbers of African American and Hispanic students earning bachelor’s degrees in 1996-1997 hit an all-time high, there was a decline in those entering graduate school, according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Native Americans also remain underrepresented in the sciences.
Despite the best of intentions, many programs designed to prepare minority undergraduates for advanced scientific training have had uneven results. Some have been unclear about whether their goal is to produce scientists or just to help minority students graduate. Others have been inadequately funded or lacked institutional commitment; many have never been evaluated rigorously.
Some programs do succeed in helping minority students graduate and pursue scientific careers. Examples include programs at Xavier University of Louisiana, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). Although different in important respects, these programs share key features, such as clearly articulated objectives, strong institutional commitment, effective mentors and an emphasis on building community among participants.
All are being carried out in a legal environment that has become increasingly complex. The University of California, for example, now operates under a state law that forbids using state funds for special programs for minority students. In other states, court cases have led colleges and universities to redesign or even drop such programs. HHMI has assisted thousands of minority students through its undergraduate biological sciences education program by awarding more than $476 million to 232 colleges and universities. In 1998, it began requiring its grantees to certify that they are complying with all relevant laws in the conduct of these programs.
Eugene Cota-Robles, co-chair of the task force that commissioned the College Board report, says colleges and universities must do more to help minority students become scientific leaders. “Up to now, everyone working on the pipeline approach has been thinking that bringing more students into college would solve the problem,” he says. Cota-Robles, a professor emeritus of biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz, calls for more effort to help minority students move beyond the bachelor’s degree.
46. The word “intractable” (Para. 1) most likely means ______.
A. disturbing B. unfavorable C. infuriating D. insoluble
47. The number of African-American and Hispanic students entering graduate programs in science ______.
A. was at an all-time high in 1996-1997
B. is about the same as those earning undergraduate degrees in science
C. is not proportional to their representation in the population
D. is comparable to figures for Native American students
48. According to the passage, most programs intended to help minority students pursue further scientific training ______.
A. are not properly evaluated B. struggle with insufficient
C. have mixed results D. are surprisingly successful
49. We can infer from paragraph 5 that ______.
A. the program of the University of California is run in violation of federal law
B. in 1998, the HMMI awarded significantly fewer grants than it had in the past
C. legal battles have forced the closure of some programs designed to help minority students
D. the HMMI has supported thousands of students through individual scholarships
50. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the status of minorities in scientific research
B. efforts to help underrepresented minority students pursue careers in science
C. legal obstacles to minority students completing graduate studies in science
D. government efforts to increase minority representation in science
Passage Four
With the rapid globalization of science itself (more than 40 percent of scientific Ph. D. students trained in the United States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of whom return to their countries of origin), the once undisputed U.S. scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is diminishing.
The competition of foreign students for positions in U.S. graduate schools has also contributed to making scientific training relatively unattractive to U.S. students, because the rapidly increasing supply of students has diminished the relative rewards of this career path. For the best and brightest from low-income countries, a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas the best and brightest U.S. students might now see better options in other fields. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition (whether imported or available through better communication), also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U.S. students.
With respect to the role of universities in the innovation process, the speculative boom of the 1990s (which, among other things, made it possible to convert scientific findings into cash rather quickly) was largely unexpected. The boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while, the path between discoveries in basic science and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path will likely revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish, in a healthy way, the more traditional (and more independent) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services.
In the intervening years, another new force also greatly facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-bandwidth international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quite removed from manufacturing, other business functions, and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for real-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of their specific locations. For example, software development, with all its changes and complications, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U.S. customer. Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away. The result is that low-wage workers in the Far East and in some other countries are coming into even more direct competition with a much wider spectrum of US. Labor: unskilled in the case of call centers; more highly skilled in the case of programmers.
51. The rapid globalization of science ______.
A. has led to the rapid growth of the Internet
B. has diminished the relative rewards of science and engineering careers
C. has resulted in the fierce competition of scientific training in the U.S.
D. has contributed to the diminish of U.S. scientific leadership
52. According to the passage, ______.
A. the careers unattractive to U.S. students may not be so to foreign students
B. science and engineering careers are unattractive exclusively to U.S. students
C. U.S. students are not courageous enough to face foreign competition
D. U.S. students are not well prepared to compete with foreign students
53. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. scientists rarely expect to make money from their discoveries in basic science
B. it will be much easier to convert scientific findings into cash in the near future
C. the boom of the 1990s could be considered somewhat unhealthy
D. the boom of the 1990s will last at least for several decades
54. All of the following might have contributed to globalization EXCEPT ______.
A. the unprecedented development of Internet
B. the closer contact of universities with private markets
C. real-time communication between business functions
D. the prevalence of wide-bandwidth international communication
55. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the scientific leadership of the U.S. B. the shortage of scientists in the U.S.
C. the rapid globalization of science D. better communication and globalization
Section IV Translation
Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U.S. economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. 56) According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century.
Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. 57) Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase U.S. economic output and strengthen the tax base.; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely.
Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. 58) Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher Social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.
59) Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit polices are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401 (k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations.
The Hudson Institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older worker. Among the report’s recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower salary but with greater health-care benefits. 60) However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers, any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers.
Section V Writing
Directions: In this section, you are required to write a composition according to the information given below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
2004年雅典奥运会结束了，虽然有些场馆是在开幕前几天才完工，虽然其预算严重超支，但是，这并不影响雅典奥运会成为有史以来最成功的奥运会。2008年北京奥运会越来越临近了，作为一名筹委会成员，你认为应该从雅典奥运会中学得什么经验教训，以便把北京奥运会办成一个更加出色的奥运会。
2005年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试
英语考试试题答案（3）
Section I Vocabulary
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. B
11. B 12. D 13. C 14. C 15. A 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. A
Section II Cloze
21. D 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. A
31. D 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
Section III Reading Comprehension
Passage One
36. C 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. A
Passage Two
41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. B
Passage Three
46. D 47. C 48. C 49. C 50. B
Passage Four
51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. A
Section IV Translation
56. 根据最近发布的统计，百分之七十九的合格工人六十二岁时就开始领取退休金；如果这种趋势继续的话，将会造成劳动力的短缺，劳动力的短缺将会阻碍二十一世纪美国经济的增长。
57. 继续雇佣（即使是部分时间雇用）年纪大的、有技术的工人将提高美国的经济产量，巩固税收基础；但如果没有重要的政策变动，战后生育高峰时期出生的人似乎更可能大规模地提前退休。
58. 尽管再工作几年收入通常会增加，但任何费用都增长——三十五年的工龄后要纳更高的社会保险税，而利润的增长却很小。
59. 哈德森研究所的研究人员认为：联邦政府的税收与利率政策有误，迫切需要进行这方面的改革，但他们不同意目前流行的观念：大批年纪大的美国工人将不得不工作，因为社会保险不会支持他们；那些战后生育高峰时期出生的人为退休所存的积蓄还不够。
60. 然而，要想找到解决年纪大的、有经验的工人提前退休这一问题的方法，需要真正的、富有成效的计划，采取的任何措施都必须允许延长年纪大的、有经验的工人的适用期。
Section V Writing（略）
